Table of Content

18 June 2018, Volume 35 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The born and future prospect of the cloned monkeys LIAO Zhao-di, LIU Zhen, SUN Qiang 2018, 35 (3):  1.  Abstract ( 353 )   PDF   Save Currently, researchers apply mouse as the ideal model for human disease researches. Many, if not most of the research fruits, however, cannot be transferred to human clinical application due to huge species differences. On the other hand, ethic issues and difficulties on obtaining human materials barrier the way of doing direct research on human. These obstacles put non-human primates, which resembles with human the most, as a better model species than mouse for understanding human. The born of cloned monkeys “Zhongzhong” and “Huahua” by somatic cell nuclear transfer not only closure the wide range doubt on whether primate can be cloned, but set up a milestone for human disease researches. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid and urea on the growth in maize seedling LI Yu-fang，ZHU Chang-hua，GAN Li-jun 2018, 35 (3):  5.  Abstract ( 336 )   PDF   Save In this study, maize (Nongda 108) was used as the experiment material with vermiculite cultivation. At first, the suitable concentration of Hoagland nutrient solution and GABA was selected, and then the same amount of nitrogen-containing GABA（1 mmol/L）; glycine (Gly), methionine (Met) and urea on the effects of growth in maize was studied. The results showed that compared with the control, glycine and methionine showed no significant difference in the growth of maize seedlings, whereas urea and GABA could speed up the development process of maize seedlings by improving the nitrate reductase activity, accelerating the consumption of soluble sugar, and promoting the soluble protein synthesis during this process, and the effects of GABA and urea were similar. But the difference in the absorption of elements, GABA significantly increased more kinds of elements than urea. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of sucrose, boron, calcium ion and gamma-aminobutyric acid on tobacco pollen germination ZHOU Xiao-li, YANG Shi-yi, CHEN Zhi-yun, LIAO Ju-gou,GU Jing, LV Li-tang, CHEN Sui-yun 2018, 35 (3):  10.  Abstract ( 357 )   PDF   Save  The influences of sucrose, boric acid, calcium and GABA on the pollen germination of N. alata, N. tabacum L. cv. K326, N. repanda and N. stocktonii were studied with in vitro culture method. The result showed that the optimal concentration of sucrose, boric acid, calcium and GABA promoted pollen germination, while too high concentrations had disadvantage influence. For 4 Nicotiana species, the optimal boric acid and calcium ion concentrations were all 0.05 g/L. The suitable sucrose gradiant for N. alata and N. tabacum L. cv. K326 is 10%, and 12% for N. repanda and N. stocktonii. On 10% sucrose+0.05 g/L H3BO3+0.05 g/L Ca2+medium, the pollen germination ratio was 92% and 90% for N. alata and N. tabacum L. cv. K326, respectively; the pollen germination ratios were 85% and 87% for N. repanda and N. stocktonii， respectively, on 12% sucrose+0.05 g/L H3BO3+0.05 g/L Ca2+medium. By adding 0.7-1 mmol/L GABA into the above medium, the pollen germination rates of N. tabacum L. cv. K326, N. repanda and N. stocktonii differed insignificantly compared with the control, while it was restrained by adding GABA higher than 1 mmol/L. It was noteworthy that N. alata pollen germination was inhibited by adding GABA higher than 0.7 mmol/L, and the pollen germination ratio dropped down to 81%. N. alata pollen was further cultured in 10% sucrose+0.05 g/L H3BO3+1 mmol/L GABA medium, and the pollen germination rate was up to 89%, which showed that optimal GABA could promote pollen germination, and GABA and Ca2+ might have synergetic effects on promoting pollen germination. Related Articles | Metrics

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The vegetative phase change of circadian clock mutant gi in Arabidopsis thaliana#br#   GUO Rui, FU Yu, MA Wan-qi, WANG Ling, BAI Hui, LONG Hong 2018, 35 (3):  15.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF   Save VPC (vegetative phase change) of higher plants undergo two stages, juvenile and adult phase. VPC is one of the important physiological processes in plant development, which is related to circadian clock regulation. Unfortunately, circadian clock related genes regulation during this transition remains unknown. In this paper, we investigated characters of VPC in a mutant of circadian clock-related gene, GI (Gigantea). Results showed that the life span of gi was prolonged. Onset of abaxial trichomes of rosette leaves, leaf shape, the length-to-width ratio of the lamina, and paraffin section of shoot apical meristems indicated that vegetative phase change in gi was delayed. Moreover, the RT-PCR and q-PCR of miR156, a key molecular factor regulating VPC, showed equivalent consequence with morphological and anatomical analysis. Compared with wild plants, multi-layers of tunica cells were onset later, corpus and pith meristem zone developed later in mutant plants, due to the changed growth rhythms controlled by the circadian clock. Our data suggested that GI might play a role in regulating plant VPC through affecting the development of SAM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of sargassum extract on nitrosation reaction LI Xiu-ju, YUAN Meng, HUANG Jia-li, LI Ruo-qi, YAN Heng-mei, WANG Bo 2018, 35 (3):  19.  Abstract ( 266 )   PDF   Save Based on the safety of Hizikia fusiformis, the H. fusiformis extracted by ethanol was used to investigate the blocking effect of different concentrations of ethanol extracts on the synthesis of nitrosamine and the ability to remove nitrite. The detection of heavy metals referenced inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the pesticide residue detection method referenced gas chromatography mass spectrometry; the H. fusiformis was extracted with 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% ethanol, respectively. The blocking effect of the extract on the synthesis of nitrosamines was determined by α-naphthylamine method.The ability of the extract to remove nitrite was determined by the color reaction of naphthalene ethylenediamine hydrochloride. The content of heavy metals in H. fusiformis was within the safe range, and the pesticide residues were not detected. When the ethanol concentrations were 50% and 75%, the blocking rate of the synthesis of nitrosamine was 100%; when the ethanol concentration was 75%, H. fusiformis extract had the best ability to remove nitrite with the removal rate of 53.33%. H. fusiformisdid not have pesticide residues, which extract could effectively block the synthesis of nitrosamines and removed nitrite and can be used to develop new anti-cancernatural healthproducts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of growth regulators on the survival rate of cuttings from lateral branches of Giant reed (Arundo donax) in summer LUO Zhun, WANG Ting, YI Lang-bo, PENG Xiao-lie, Ding Guang-xiang, LIU Shi-biao 2018, 35 (3):  23.  Abstract ( 399 )   PDF   Save Giant reed (Arundo donax) is an important bio-energy crop belonging to the Poaceae family. The effects of different types and concentrations of growth regulators and plant rooting powder (agent) on the survival rate of cuttings from lateral branches of this plant were discussed in the present paper. The current-year lateral branches with axillary buds were used as cuttings, and dipped into solutions of IBA, NAA, IAA as well as rooting powder and agent at varied concentrations for 2 hours. Water was employed as the control check. Then the cuttings were planted into the cultivation matrix, and the survival rates were counted 15 d later. The results showed that the growth regulators in different types and concentrations could increase the survival rate of cuttings when compared to the control, in which NAA at 0.8 mg/L exhibited the highest survival rate of 50.00%, significantly higher than other treatments. Similarly, plant rooting powder and agent enhanced the survival rate also, and the rooting powder with a concentration of 0.625 g/L resulted in a rate of 40.00%, while the highest rate of 43.33% was recorded in 1.25 g/L of rooting agent. The growth regulators and rooting agent with optimal effects on cutting rooting were matched up to pre-treat the cuttings. However, the survival rate of the cuttings decreased obviously, with 25% as the highest value in combination of IAA at 0.05 mg/L and rooting agent at 5.0 g/L. Plant growth regulator NAA of 0.8 mg/L or plant rooting agent of 1.25 g/L were suggested to be the optimal solutions in the pretreatment of cuttings from lateral branches of giant reed in summer, which could effectively accelerate the cutting survival rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative transfection efficiency of three transfer reagents carrying massive plasmids in SKOV3 cells ZHU Guo-nian， NI Yin-yun， WU Si-si 2018, 35 (3):  27.  Abstract ( 617 )   PDF   Save The plasmid DNA pAdeasy-1 EGFP, coding for green fluorescent protein, was transfected into SKOV3 cells via 3 different commercial agents (Lipofectamine 3000, DNA-In CRISPR and FuGENE HD, respectively). We examined the transfection efficiency of reagents to choose the appropriate transfection reagent for solving the problems of large fragment plasmid with lower transfection efficiency. Transfection efficiency was determined by green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence using fluorescence microscope, and cell activity was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The results showed that the transfection efficiency of Lipofectamine 3000 was more than 50%, the efficiency of FuGENE HD was about 20%, and that of the DNA-In CRISPR was less than 5%. After 24 h transfection, the cell activities with Lipofectamine 3000, FuGENE and DNA-In CRISPR were （97.5±2.52）%,（89.5±2.43）% and (95.5±3.48）%, respectively. Comparative analysis showed Lipofectamine 3000 had relatively high transfection efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity, indicating that Lipofectamine 3000 could be a proper choice for transporting massive plasmid into SKOV3 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between biodiversity and host animal carrying Hanta virus JIN Tie-zhi, CHEN Xiao-ning, HOU Xiang, WU Rui, CHEN Hai-long,MA Chao-feng, WANG Kai-feng 2018, 35 (3):  30.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF   Save In order to understand the relationship between the characteristics of animal community and host animals virus-carrying condition of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), night trapping method was used to capture animals. We recorded the murids and their living environments, extracted RNA and genotyped of Hantavirus (HV) carried by the murine-like animal. The biological diversity in vary kind of habitats was analyzed by BIOTOOLS, and that the correlation between biodiversity and animal carrying HV was analyzed by using SPSS.The result showed that there was significant difference in the biological diversity as well as the index of virus carriage of host animal in different habitats(F=7.463，P<0.01；F=7.892，P<0.01). Indexes of virus carriage in farmland and wasteland were high, whereas the animal carrying HV was not found in mountain land; biodiversity index in mountain land was higher than that in farmland and wasteland. There was significantly negative correlation between virus-carrying rate of host animal and biodiversity index(Shannon-Wiener(H′),Margalef(dMa) and Evenness(E)),(R2=0.4255,P<0.01; R2=0.4368,P<0.01; R2=0.3321,P<0.05) whereas with which was positive correlation Simpson′s Dominance(λ). The mountain land has a inhibitory effect on the transmission of HV among host animals, extreme abundant biodiversity is beneficial to the stability of animal community structure, which can help to reduce the risk of passing the virus on. The areas in which have low biodiversity community as well as have obvious dominance are dangerous for HFRS, we should strengthen the prevention and control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacterium producing proteinaceous substances with antibacterial property and its antibacterial characteristics REN Shi-ying, DING Shen-li, WANG Ling, LIU Fei 2018, 35 (3):  34.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF   Save A facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacterium producing antibacterial substrates was isolated from the traditional fermentation pickle by clear-circle method and marked as A5. Its cell is short-rod, G+, motile. The results of physiological and biochemical research were obtained that amylolysis test was negative, while gelatin liquefaction, methyl red, glucose fermentation and cellulose decomposition tests were positive. By excluding the influence of acid inhibition and hydrogen peroxide, the supernatant still had better antibacterial activity. When the supernatant was treated with protease, its antibacterial activity largely decreased. All the results indicated strain A5 fermentation supernatant contained a type of proteinaceous antibacterial substance (bacteriocin). By adjusting the pH value of supernatant and measuring its antibacterial activity, the result showed supernatant had stronger antibacterial activity at pH 2, which meant these antibacterial substances had super tolerance to acid. Strain A5 has good inhibitory activity to gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, meaning its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and higher tolerance to acid, which make it a potential application in bio-antibiotics field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the pyrene degradation by microbial consortium and the transformed bacteria in Mangrove sediment CAI Li-xi， CHEN Xiao-ping， LIU Li-xing 2018, 35 (3):  39.  Abstract ( 212 )   PDF   Save tA microbial consortium named YL which can utilize pyrene as sole carbon and energy source was separated from the sediment of mangrove. YL showed high degradation capability with 92.09% of 50 mg/L pyrene within 21days. The plasmid was extracted from the pyrene degrading bacteria consortium YL by the improved method and transformed into Escherichia coli. Through the method of enrichment and culture， the transformed bacteria could utilize pyrene as sole carbon and energy sources. The biodegrading rate of pyrene was 85.69% within 21 days. While the E. coli only degrade 2.01% of pyrene within 21 days. Therefore, the transformed bacteria have a good pyrene degradation capability, and the plasmids carry the gene encoded for pyrene biodegradation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and preliminary research on the resistance of a Cd-resisting fungus#br# YU Hong-fei, LIU Sen 2018, 35 (3):  43.  Abstract ( 230 )   PDF   Save tA strain of Cd-resisting fungus, named M2, was isolated from soil samples near the coal yield by acclimation based on the concentration gradient approach. M2 was identified as Cochliobolus lunatus（telemorph）, namely Curvularia lunata(anamorph), by traditional morphological method and phyogenetic analysis based on 18S rDNA sequence. This strain was able to grow well on plate containing 4000 mg/L Cd2+. We also studied the resistance of M2 to heavy metal Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co and Ni. The resistance decreased in the order of Cd2+ (4000 mg/L)> Pb2+ (1500 mg/L)> Zn2+ (600 mg/L)> Cu2+ (400 mg/L)> Ni2+ (100 mg/L)> Co2+ (80 mg/L)> Cr2+ (60 mg/L). Related Articles | Metrics

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Prokaryotic community diversity in the estuarine sediments of Hangzhou Bay, China LI Shuang-tong, ZHANG Qiu-fang, ZHOU Yang-jing, TANG Fang-yuan,CHENG Jun-rui, ZHENG Qi-hong, XU Ji-rong 2018, 35 (3):  47.  Abstract ( 275 )   PDF   Save The essay was aimed at exploring the characteristics of prokaryotic diversity and its relation with the properties of the sediments at the estuary of Hangzhou Bay. The DNA sequences of 16S rRNA gene at the V3-V4 region were analyzed with the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform. The results showed that 1118 genera, 688 families, 419 orders, 210 classes and 65 phyla were found in the 13 samples, and the average of Shannon-Wiener diversity index reached 9.72. The dominant prokaryotes were Proteobacteria, Choloroflexi, Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, with the relative abundance of Proteobacteria being the highest among those of the 13 samples. The abundances of the Firmicutes in samples from the south bank of Hangzhou Bay were higher than that of the north bank. Compared to the Shangyu industrial zone, samples from Jinshan Industrial Zone could be found higher abundance of β-Proteobacteria but the lower abundance of γ-Proteobacteria. There was significant correlation between the abundances of Bacteroidetes and β-Proteobacteria and total organic carbon (TOC), and the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were significantly impacted by pH. The contents of Fe and As were significantly correlated with the abundances of α-Proteobacteria, GN04 and Cholorobi respectively, while Mn and Cu were significantly correlated with GN04 and Spirochaetes, respectively.Therefore, the characteristics of prokaryotic diversity in the sediments at the estuary of Hangzhou Bay could be analyzed by the method of high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, the relationships between the environmental factors and the prokaryotic diversity could be illustrated. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of biological purification of aquaculture effluent with the Tegillarca granosa and different levels of microecologics ZHOU Ting-ting, LIN Zhi-hua, ZHANG Qi-peng, LIU Zhi-fang, HE Lin 2018, 35 (3):  52.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF   Save This article mainly studied the biological purification of greenhouses prawn effluent with the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) and different levels of effective microorganisms (EM), in order to build a new and efficient integrated farming structure, and to reduce the marine sewage discharge. The blood clams and EM were reared in 100 L white polyethylene plastic barrels added with 60 L prawn pond effluent per barrel. There was no water exchange and no throw in bait during a trial for 7 days. Five groups with three replications each were set up. Group 1-4 had 33 blood clams and 390 μL, 510 μL, 720 μL and 0 μL EM bacteria, respectively. Group 5 used as control with no blood clam and EM bacteria. The results showed that the purification efficiency of group 1-4 was higher than that of the control group. The nutrient removal efficiency of group 2 was the highest, which can remove 68.61%±0.25% of nitrate, 85.34%±2.94% of phosphate, 72.85%±3.62% of ammonia nitrogen, 59.24%±3.16% of total nitrogen and 79.82%±2.15% of total phosphorus. Purification effect reduced successively in group 1, 3 and 4. The analysis showed that the 510 μL EM bacteria and 33 blood clams were the most suitable proportion, and their ability to purify waste water was significantly higher than that of other groups, which could provide reference for constructing new and efficient integrated breeding structure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of salinities on growth, water binding capacity and nutrients of in channel catfish fingerlings ZHANG Shi-yong, SHAO Jun-jie, CHEN Xiao-hui, WANG Ming-hua,WANG Jiang, ZHONG Li-qiang, QIN Qin, BIAN Wen-ji 2018, 35 (3):  57.  Abstract ( 383 )   PDF   Save The object of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity on growth and flesh quality of channel catfish fingerlings. The fish were reared at different salinity (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 ppt) for 60 days, and the growth performance, water binding capacity of muscle and muscle nutrients composition were determined. The results showed that the fish reared at salinity 3 and 5 groups with greater survival rate (96.67% and 94.67%, respectively) and SGR (2.65 %/d and 2.59 %/d, respectively), both of which had significant differences in comparison with other salinity groups (P<0.01). Generally, water binding capacity decreased with the increase of the salinity, but the difference of salinity 3 and salinity 0 groups was not significant (P>0.01). In terms of muscle nutrients, with the increase of salinity, the water content in muscle increased and the ash content decreased, while the contents of crude protein and crude fat were affected by the food intake. The fish reared at salinity 3 group had higher crude protein and crude fat contents. Thus, the results indicated that raise appropriately the aquaculture water salinity of channel catfish fingerlings could significantly improve the survival rate, reduced the occurrence of pests and diseases, and the muscle quality could not be impacted to a certain extent. The most suitable salinity is 3 ppt according to the present results and findings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanism of eukaryotic DNA polymerase δ switching in translesion synthesis CHEN Wei， ZHOU Ya-jing 2018, 35 (3):  62.  Abstract ( 573 )   PDF   Save In order to maintain the integrity of chromosomal structure and genetic stability, in addition to those elaborate DNA damage repair mechanisms to remove DNA lesions, cells have also evolved DNA damage tolerance mechanisms to bypass damage. One extensively studied lesion-bypass pathway is translesion synthesis(TLS), an error-prone repair pathway, in which replicative polymerase δ is replaced with a specialized TLS polymerase, a low fidelity enzyme, which is able to by-pass lesions, allowing stalled replication fork in S-phase to proceed. The switching between replicative and TLS polymerases is generally considered to be a core in TLS pathway. However, there remains much controversy on the exact mechanism of polymerase switching. This article briefly reviewed and discussed researches about biological properties of eukaryotic DNA polymerase δ, structure and function of its subunits, and activation mechanisms of polymerase switching in TLS pathway, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in the COP9 signalosome in fungi#br# YANG Xiao, WANG Ming-shuang, LI Hong-ye 2018, 35 (3):  67.  Abstract ( 428 )   PDF   Save Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) play important roles in regulating a wide range of processes, such as signal transduction, transcription, cell cycle progression, circadian rhythm, and development, via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. The COP9 signalosome(CSN) is a highly conserved multi-subunit protein complex that controls ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in eukaryotes. Unlike higher eukaryotes, fungi can survive without any CSN subunit, making fungi become perfect materials for the study of CSN in phyletic evolution, structural composition and biological functions. This review provides recent progress of subunit composition, biological functions and research prospects of CSN in fungi for understanding the function of CSN in fungi and other eukaryotes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Interaction of MscL with antibiotics and its potential use#br# JIANG Lan, WANG Xiao-min, TANG Si-yang, LI Yue-zhou 2018, 35 (3):  72.  Abstract ( 471 )   PDF   Save Antibiotics play important roles in the treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. However, the abuse of antibiotics causes more drug-resistant beacteria, which leads to the exhausting of effective antibiotics resources. Therefore, it is urgent to seek out new antimicrobial agents or enhancers of the efficacy of antibiotics. The mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) is a kind of channel proteins located in the plasma membrane of bacteria, which directly senses the change of membrane tension to open up, and a wide range of molecules can go through. MscL is widely spreaded in the whole bacterial kingdom, and the amino acid sequence of MscLs are highly conserved in bacterial species. However, there is no MscL homologue in humans and mammals. Recently, MscL is an attractive target in the research and development of new drug. So, this review focused on the interaction between MscL and antibiotics and its potential use. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the biological function of IL-33 in tumor:a review WANG Jun-ting, ZHONG Ming, LIU Jie 2018, 35 (3):  76.  Abstract ( 541 )   PDF   Save  Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an interleukin-1(IL-1)family member, is expressed on various immune cell type. IL-33 is released upon cellular damage, which activates the immune system and provides the damage signal. IL-33 and its receptor ST2, encoded by IL-1 receptor accessory protein(IL-1RAcP), forms the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the IL-33/ST2 system has been linked with the occurrence and development of tumors, including immune regulation, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we reviewed the biological function of IL-33 in tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the study of alternative splicing medicine for brain glioma LV Jun-jie, WANG Ke-jun, XIONG Xin-yan, YUAN Cui-ling, TANG Xiu-li, REN Fu-bin 2018, 35 (3):  80.  Abstract ( 347 )   PDF   Save Alternative splicing is a key mechanism for regulating gene expression in mammals. Recent evidence demonstrates that approximately 95% of human genes with multiple exons undergo alternative splicing, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics technology, the study of alternative splicing gradually progressed from single gene to group level, the high-throughput data emerging, the integration of data between the various groups, making a systematic, comprehensive study of alternative splicing is possible. The abnormal of alternative splicing may lead to cancer, and glioma is one of the malignant tumors of the brain. The lethality rate is very high and the survival rate is very low. In this paper, we reviewed the progress of the study on the mechanism of alternative splicing of glioma in recent years, and made a preliminary prospect of the clinical treatment of splicing level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the relationship between glycosyltransferase and bladder cancer ZHANG Han， WANG Shu-jing 2018, 35 (3):  84.  Abstract ( 258 )   PDF   Save Glycobiology is a new branch of science that combined of carbohydrate chemistry and glycobiology. It mainly includes the structure, biosynthesis and biological function of chains of glycoconjugates. Glycosyltransferase is one of the main contents. The basic expression of glycosyltransferase in the development of tumorigenesis plays an important role in the development of tumorigenesis and has become a significant biomarker for interventional therapy. Bladder cancer is the most common urinary system carcinoma with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the relationship between glycosyltransferase expression and bladder cancer is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in the biosynthesis of oridonin and key enzymes XU Hui-min,GAO Deng-feng,WEI Shan-shan,SHI Sheng-li,SU Cheng-fu 2018, 35 (3):  88.  Abstract ( 407 )   PDF   Save As the main active diterpenoid compound in Rabdosia rubescens, oridonin has been widely concerned in recent years due to its antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. In the studies on the biosynthesis pathway and regulation mechanism, several genes encoding the key enzymes have been cloned. This paper focused on the new progresses in the biosynthesis pathways of oridonin and the key enzymes genes. In addition, the newly cloned and functionally identified genes encoding those key enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of oridonin were introduced in detail. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of plant induced resistance technology in disease control MENG Shu-yu, GAO Jun-shan, ZHANG Yu-qiong, LIU Ya-jun 2018, 35 (3):  92.  Abstract ( 264 )   PDF   Save After pathogen infection, the immune responses of plants depends on signal pathway. In practical application, the common measures of plant inductive resistance technology include cross protection, inoculating rhizosphere microorganisms and exerting elicitors directly. The mechanism of these measures is inducing the accumulation of secondary metabolism substance, such as phytohormone, lignin, callose and phytoalexin. In the future, with the development of genomics, high-throughout screening technique, and large-scale analyzing instrument, this technology will achieve great breakthroughs ceaselessly. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of NEFAs in fat mobilization and oxidative stress in dairy cows with ketosis#br# ZOU Su-ping, HAO Ning,TAO Huan-qing,MING Peng-fei, XU Yi-zhong,LIANG Ting,FENG Shi-bin,WANG Xi-chun,WU Jin-jie, LI Yu 2018, 35 (3):  99.  Abstract ( 251 )   PDF   Save Nutrition and metabolic disease induced by glycolipid metabolism is the cause of ketosis in dairy cows. This disease is common in high-yielding dairy cows. The lack of energy intake due to the much energy consume in dairy cows during perinatal period, which need to lipid mobilization to produce enough energy. Excess lipid mobilization will lead to the elevation of blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and ketone concentration. In this paper, we will elaborate on the production, utilization and role of NEFAs in the perinatal period which will provide the theoretical basis for the further study of the pathogenesis of ketosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of SAS software to rapid analysis of the variance of multiple data SONG Zhao, ZHANG Bai-ge, CAO Jian 2018, 35 (3):  102.  Abstract ( 382 )   PDF   Save SAS statistical analysis system is one of three major data analysis software in the world. It is widely used in agricultural experiment statistics. Before the introduction of SAS statistical software, Microsoft Excel has been widely used in agricultural biology statistics. However, Excel cannot simultaneously run the variance analysis of multiple observations. This article will introduce how to analyze the variance of 20 sets data simultaneously on chlorophyll content in leaves of 20 pepper varieties under three kinds of waterlogging stress. The differences of chlorophyll SPAD values among 20 cultivars and of same cultivar under different waterlogging stress were compared. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of biological parameters for Sebastiscus marmoratus in Ma′an Archipelago Special Protected Area LI Chao-wen,WANG Kai, CHENG Xiao-peng,CUI Xiao,WANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Shou-yu 2018, 35 (3):  106.  Abstract ( 286 )   PDF   Save Sebastiscus marmoratus is the protected species in Ma′an Archipelago Special Protected Area, and plays an important role in the food webs. The biological parameters for S. marmoratus in Ma′an Archipelago Special Protected Area were estimated based on the fisheries data collected from Jan., 2009 to Feb., 2010 by using FiSAT II package. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy formula estimated by ELEFAN I were: L∞=24.5 cm, K=0.39, and t0=-0.74 a. The natural mortality coefficient M estimated by Pauly′s empirical equation was 0.84. The total mortality coefficient Z estimated by length-converted catch curve was 3.04 and the fishing mortality coefficient F was 2.20. The stock has been over exploited mainly due to fishing. It suggested that the optimal catchable size of S. marmoratus should be 16.0 cm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and optimization on effective ways to improve the quality of biochemistry teaching in university of Chinese medicine NING Li-min, ZHU Ben-wei 2018, 35 (3):  110.  Abstract ( 298 )   PDF   Save Biochemistry is a compulsory basic course in medical colleges and universities. Due to the special teaching objectives and students′ characteristics, the teaching of biochemistry is of great specificity in colleges or universities of Chinese medicine. Therefore, to improve the quality of education, teachers should optimize the teaching content and teaching methods, combine biochemistry with Chinese medicine based on the characteristics of students. Related Articles | Metrics

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Multimedia teaching of medicinal plant cultivation with the development trends of science and technology DING Zhou,HE Jin-ling,YUAN Yi,LI Da-hui, TIAN Sheng-ni 2018, 35 (3):  113.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF   Save According to "the practical, applicable and technical" characteristics of medicinal plant cultivation, the scientific trends and the high technology achievements were introduced by the multimedia teaching. It helps to stimulate the students′ learning interest, and improves teaching quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research frontiers of biochemistry and its application in classroom teaching YAN Rong-ling, LI Chang-jian, LIAO Yang, YUAN Zhi-hui 2018, 35 (3):  115.  Abstract ( 343 )   PDF   Save Introducing frontier research results into the class teaching was an effective way to break through the textbook limitation, change the traditional classroom teaching mode, improve the teaching effect and cultivate students′ comprehensive quality. Based on a long term teaching practice of our team, several latest dramatic research achievements introduced into the biochemistry course teaching were listed in the present paper, and application method of these material for class teaching was elaborated. Related Articles | Metrics

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The use of scientific names of species in Chinese genetics textbooks ZHANG Xu, DING Jian-hua， ZHANG Yun-fang, ZHANG Hai-jun 2018, 35 (3):  118.  Abstract ( 261 )   PDF   Save A textbook is the information carrier of teachers′ teaching and students′ learning, and it is the main performance of teaching content, as well as being the important foundation for further teaching reform and guaranteeing the teaching quality. As an excellent textbook, its content should be scientific, rigorous, and normative. However, people generally did not pay enough attentions to the citing and writing the scientific names of species in genetics textbooks, which brings many confusions and troubles to both teachers′ teaching and students′ learning. The common problems in genetics textbooks about citing and writing the scientific names of species were summarized and revised in this paper, which is expected to provide certain reference to the authors of genetics textbooks. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of ecological classroom of botany course in universities GONG Hong-dong 2018, 35 (3):  122.  Abstract ( 202 )   PDF   Save In this paper, taken the promoting students′ life healthy and comprehensive development as the value orientation, the ecological classroom of Botany course in universities was analyzed and studied. The problems of reconstructing the classroom ecology system of Botany course from several aspects, such as the subsystem of intellectual education, the subsystem of moral education, the system of aesthetic education, the subsystem of physical education and the subsystem of practical education were discussed. The purpose is to provide a reference for improving the teaching quality of Botany Course. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform and exploration on experimental teaching of “pathogenic biology and immunology” CHEN Shu-zhen, CHEN Su-yun, LIN Lin, WU Chuang 2018, 35 (3):  124.  Abstract ( 233 )   PDF   Save Pathogenic biology and immunology is one of the important basic courses of medicine. Based on the characteristics of the course and the learning situation of college students, some reforms and explorations have been carried out on the experimental teaching, including making reasonable teaching plan, integrating basic experiments, increasing comprehensive experiments, embedding comprehensive ability training, and optimizing the evaluation modes, in order to improve the students′ learning enthusiasm and comprehensive quality, and elevate the teaching quality and effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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A probe into the "wisdom classroom" of biology in senior high school under "Internet" SU Zheng-fang 2018, 35 (3):  127.  Abstract ( 255 )   PDF   Save This paper gives full play to the common wisdom of teachers and students before class. It and accomplishes the teaching design with the idea of students and realizes the wisdom teaching in the class of wisdom.This teaching of biology "wisdom classroom" in senior high school under the Internet from three aspects was conducted and scientific teaching evaluation and teaching communication after class was summarized. Related Articles | Metrics