Table of Content

18 April 2018, Volume 35 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Screening differentially expressed genes in basal breast cancer stem cells by RNA-Seq LI Ting, LI Lu, WANG Shu-yue, DAI Xiao-feng, BAI Zhong-hu 2018, 35 (2):  1.  Abstract ( 414 )   PDF   Save The key targets of basal tumors were identified from cancer stem cells, given their many shared features with this oncogenic cell nich. The stem cell marker CD44+CD24-/low was used to sort cancer stem cells and non-stem cells from HCC1937 and SUM149PT cell lines by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes among different cell subsets, then qRT-PCR was used to validate the results of RNA-Seq. The results showed that there were 134 key differentially expressed genes between cancer stem and non stem cells, including 39 up-regulated and 95 down-regulated ones. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the most enriched biological process, cellular_component, molecular functions were extracellular matrix organization, extracellular region and peroxidase activity, respectively. Moreover, the pathway most enriched for differentially expressed genes was cancer′, and qRT-PCR results were correlated with the RNA-Seq.  Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of 17β-estradiol on GnRH secretion and GnRH-related gene expression using GT1-7 cells in vitro CHEN Zhi-long, WU Xiao-min, ZHEN Chen, XU Xiao-ling,BAI Jia-hua, LIU Yan, FENG Tao 2018, 35 (2):  7.  Abstract ( 312 )   PDF   Save Estrogens play essential roles in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. To simulate inhibiting effects of GnRH secretion and GnRH-related genes(GnRH, ERα, KISS-1 and GPR54) expression by estrogens in vitro, the GnRH-secreting neuronal cell line GT1-7 was exposed to 1 μmol/L estradiol concentrations for 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 h, respectively. The result showed that GnRH secretion of GT1-7 cells treated with 1 μmol/L 17β-estradiol was decreased significantly(18 and 30 h, P<0.01), although slightly increased(6 and 12 h, P>0.05) at the beginning of the process. Compared with the control, GnRH mRNA treated with 1 μmol/L estradiol was significantly decreased(P<0.01) through all culture period. ERα(12 and 18 h, P<0.01), KISS-1(12 h, P<0.01) and GPR54(6, 12 and 24 h, P<0.01) mRNA were also decreased. It revealed that 1 μmol/L estradiol could inhibit GnRH secretion of GT1-7 cells and this effect may be achieved by down-regulating mRNA of ERα, KISS-1, GnRH and GPR54. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the expression of Cynoglossus semilaevis CD80 and the interaction between recombinant CD80 and peripheral blood lymphocytes CHEN Chen, LI Mo-fei, SUN Li 2018, 35 (2):  12.  Abstract ( 323 )   PDF   Save CD80 is a member of immunoglobulin superfamily, which is an important costimulatory signal necessary for T cell proliferation and activation. In this study, CD80 gene sequence of Cynoglossus semilaevis(CsCD80)(GenBank accession number: XR_521517.2) was obtained from its whole genome sequence. The open reading frame contains 882 bp encoding 293 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 32.45 ku and a theoretical pI of 7.97. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that CsCD80 contained a predicted signal peptide, an immunoglobulin(Ig) domain and a transmembrane(TM) domain. Multiple sequence alignment showed that CsCD80 shared the highest amino acid sequence identity(41.37%) with Japanese flounder CD80 . Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that CsCD80 had the highest expression level in liver and spleen. When infected with V. harveyi and megalocytivirus, the expression level of CsCD80 significantly incresed in liver, spleen and kidney. Immunofluorescence test was used for the determination of the recombinant CsCD80 protein(rCsCD80) binding to the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs) when incubated with recombinant CsCD80 protein(rCsCD80) expressed by prokaryotic expression system. These results indicated that CsCD80 might play an important role in the immune response against bacteria and virus in C. semilaevis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and bioinformatics analysis of RPS13 protein in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. WANG Chen-kai, LIAO Yi, LIU Miao-miao, CHU Jun, WU Jia-wen 2018, 35 (2):  17.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF   Save Ribosomal protein S13 (RPS13) is a key member of the ribosomal protein family, and plays an important role in the ribosome. In this study, total RNA was isolated from roots, stems and leaves of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. RT-PCR was used to obtain an open reading frame（ORF）of the rps13 which encoded 151 amino acid polypeptide; the target gene was cloned to pET22b(+) vector, then the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 competent cells, and the fusion protein was expressed with induction of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and identified by Western Blotting. The three dimensional structure models showed that RPS13 contained six helices and the whole molecule appeared as a spiral structure with two clusters of helices connected by a long random coil, which may help to maintain the dynamic bridging interactions between the large and small subunits of ribosome. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the RPS13 of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. was highly conserved in evolution and most closely related to RPS13 of carrot. Expression and bioinformatics analysis of the RPS13 lay a foundation for the further study of its biological function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular evolution of IFNA in seventeen Galloanserae species DING Heng-wu, JIANG Lan, ZHANG Qing, WANG Qing-qing, WANG Ying, DONG Jin-xiu, WU Xuan, YI Shuang-long， CHEN Ren-rui, KAN Xian-zhao 2018, 35 (2):  22.  Abstract ( 397 )   PDF   Save The Interferons(IFN, interferon) are a family of cytokines which have various biological functions, such as anti-virus, anti-tumor, and immune regulation. Interferon-α belongs to type I interferon, encoded by Z-linked gene IFNA. In this study, the sequences of IFNA in eight avian species of anseriformes were amplified and sequenced by PCR. Combined with the data retrived from GenBank, the sequence characterization, the evolutionary rate and the physicochemical properties of IFNA in seventeen species of Galloanserae were analyzed using bioinformatic methods. To discuss the phylogenetic implications of IFNA, we reconstructed the evolutionary trees using maximum parsimony(MP), maximum likelihood(ML) and bayesian inference(BI) methods. Results demonstrated that the CpG islands were existed in nucleotide sequences of IFNA in majority of Galloanserae species, and detected that the Interferon-α(IFN-α) was unstable hydrophilic secreted proteins. The evolutionary rate of IFNA in Galloanserae was faster than that of three mitochondrial coding genes(nad2, cytb and atp6) with higher dN/dS. In addition, a positive selection site of IFNA was found in Galloanserae species in this study. The molecular phylogenetic analysis indicated that IFNA had some phylogenetic informations within Galloanserae. Phylogenetic tree based on multiple genes could reveal the evolutionary history of species. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of 33 kiwifruit germplasms based on AFLP markers ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Shi-xin, WU Shao-hua,TIAN Wei-min, PENG Xiao-lie, LIU Shi-biao 2018, 35 (2):  28.  Abstract ( 287 )   PDF   Save The genetic diversities and genetic differences of 33 kiwifruit germplasm resources colleted from Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou and Hainan province were analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The results showed that 683 electrophoretic bands were detected totally, of which 622 bands were polymorphic by using 23 pairs of primers, representing 91.07% of the total bands. The identification rates of 33 germplasms were up to 100%. Based on clustering analysis on the AFLP results by UPGMA, the dendrogram indicated that the similarity coefficients of 33 germplasms of kiwifruit ranged from 0.51-0.95, presented a higher level of diversity. Thirty-three germplasms could divide into 3 groups at the similarity coefficient of 0.70, with Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa clustered into the largest group, A. latifolia clustered into the second group and Actinidia valvata the third. Thirty-one germplasms in the first group were further divided into several subgroups according to the similarity coefficient of 0.82. Accessions within Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa had closely genetic relationship and would be clustered preferentially related to their geographical origin. Cross clustering relationship among intraspecific and interspecific were also observed in this group. The combination of AFLP and traditional classification could be used in germplasm evaluation and variety selection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and activity analysis of staphylococcal nuclease A in a thermo-inducible dual expressing vector FU Li-xia, ZHANG Lei,LI Xing-rong, HAN Xian-gan,GAO Bo, ZHANG Xiao-jun,WEI Wen-zhi 2018, 35 (2):  33.  Abstract ( 301 )   PDF   Save The efficiency of inactivating bacterial hosts of staphylococcal nuclease A (SNA) is at one order of magnitude higher when it is expressed in a thermo-inducible single expression system than in a dual expressing system combined with simultaneously expressing lysis gene E for bacterial ghost preparation. To explore possible mechanisms causing this difference, SNA was cloned into a thermo-inducible dual expressing vector and its enzymatic activity was analyzed after induction. Results showed that intracellular and extracellular products of SNA were detectable at 30 min and 90 min, respectively after induction and all possess nuclease activity. The percentage of inactivated host bacteria was 99.7% 4 h after induction, with the host genomic DNA successfully degraded. These indicated that the expression of SNA in a thermo-inducible dual expressing vector without simultaneously expression of lysis gene E could still kill the host strain as efficiently as in a single expressing system. The co-expression of SNA and lysis gene E in the dual expressing vector might be the major reason resulting in lower inactivation efficiency of SNA. Related Articles | Metrics

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The community structure of planktonic ciliates in relation to environmental factors in polyculture-pond ZHAO Ya-bo, LIN Zhi-hua, HE Jing, HE Lin 2018, 35 (2):  42.  Abstract ( 260 )   PDF   Save To understand the community structure of planktonic ciliates and its relationship with environmental factors，planktonic ciliates were collected and identified in mariculture ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei and Tegillarca granosa. Meanwhile, cluster analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the changes of community structure of ciliates and its relationship with physical and chemical factors of water. Results showed that 46 species of planktonic ciliates, mainly containing Oligotrichida(17 species), Hypotrichida(9 species), Haptorida(4 species), Scuticocliliatida(4 species), Cyrtophorida(3 species), were identified. From the point of abundance, after the first decline, total abundance showed a trend of rapid increase then decreased, and Oligochaeta was the dominant species, while other species shared a low abundance. Richness index(D) presented an upward trend and the tendency of evenness index(J) went with the change of diversity index(H′), which showed a small fluctuation during the breeding period. Changes of community structure of ciliates mainly embodied in Oligochaeta, containing Strobidinopsis, Strombidium and Tintinnopsis, and Haptorid including Cyclotrichium and Mesodinium. Major dominant species were positively correlated with DO(P<0.01), and can multiply in low content of NO-3, NO-2 and PO3-4. The results showed that ciliates were mainly Oligotrichida, while others were low and the relationship between community structure of ciliates and nutritions(DO, SD, NO-3, NO-2 and PO3-4) showed a good correlation in the pond of shrimp culture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Immunohistochemical localization of endocrine cells in gastrointestinal tract of Eleutheronema tetradactylum XIE Mu-jiao,LI Jia-er,OU You-jun,WEN Jiu-fu,LI Huo 2018, 35 (2):  47.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF   Save Identification and localization of gastrointestinal hormone endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Eleutheronema tetradactylum were carried out by using immunohistochemistry method of Strept Avidin-Biotin-Complex, six types of antisera raised against rabbit hormones such as 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT), somatostatin(SS), gastrin(GAS), glucagon(GLU), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and cholecystokinin(CCK-8). The results showed that the immunoreactive cells could be divided into open type endocrine cells and enclosed type endocrine cells by morpha. No positive cells were detected in the esophagus. The gastrin(GAS) and somatostatin(SS) positive cells were detected in the stomach, but the GAS cells were confined to the pylorus with less density. Plenty of SS positive cells were detected in sections of the stomach, SS cells were detected only in pyloric caeca, GAS cells were found only in foregut, no any positive cells detected in midgut, and GAS and SS cells could be found in hindgut. No any of 5-HT, GLU, NPY and CCK-8 immunoreactive cells was detected throughout the digestive tract. The speculative endocrine pattern and physiological functions of this species were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the fecundity of giant salamanders(Andrias davidianus) F2 paraent based on GAM model LIU Jian-yi, LIU Jian-liang, LIN Guo-yuan, XIE Cai-feng 2018, 35 (2):  51.  Abstract ( 242 )   PDF   Save Giant salamanders(Andrias davidianus) belongs to Chordate, Amphibia, Caudata, salamander Cryptobranchus branch, is an unique amphibian species in China. The morphological characteristics of aquatic organism have influences on its fecundity, but such influences have not been reported in A. davidianus. In order to support the artificial breeding of A. davidianus, the GAM model was applied to evaluate the effects of body weight, body length, relative fatness and bust girth on the fecundity of F2 sexual mature giant salamanders. The results suggested that all 4 growth factors of F2 broodstock had significant influences on the fecundity. The influences of body length and relative fatness were nonlinear increasing. The body weight had a clear monotonic negative effect on the fecundity. The influence on the fecundity was fluctuant when the bust girth was below 380 mm, and above that the fecundity decreased rapidly with the increasing of bust girth. The range of body length, body weight, bust girth and relative fatness that had great influences on the fecundity of F2 A. davidianus broodstock were 800-1000 mm, 4000-7000 g, 350-400 mm and 0.6-1.0, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary genetic diversity analysis of the small isolated population  of the Dalmatian pelican ( Pelecanus crispus ) in Shanghai Zoo ZHOU Ying, MA Jun, HUANG Kang-ning, CHEN Xiao-lan, FU Jian-yi, XU Zheng-qiang 2018, 35 (2):  55.  Abstract ( 268 )   PDF   Save Based on the analysis of 12 microsatellite loci, the genetic diversity of the small isolated population of the Dalmatian pelican (   Pelecanus crispus ) was studied in Shanghai Zoo. The results showed that the polymorphism information content was 0.60±0.15， which demonstrated a high degree of allelic variation of the population. The observed heterozygosity was 0.36±0.15, which indicated that the population genetic variation had been low, and the inbreeding occurred in the isolated population. The results of clustering analysis showed the 26 individuals could be separated into 11 clusters when the coefficients were 0.77. One cluster contained of 16 individuals which were pure Dalmatian pelican, and the others were crossed with the Great White pelican (P. onocrotalus) to some extent. It should be taken effective genetic management in order to achieve the sustainable development of isolated pelican population in the Zoo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of extracellular calcium concentration on the spontaneous discharge of isolated rat muscle spindle YU Lei, ZHAO Xue-hong, FAN Xiao-li, CAO Jian 2018, 35 (2):  59.  Abstract ( 269 )   PDF   Save The impulse activities of muscle spindles isolated from the rat soleus muscle were investigated under varying concentrations of external calcium. The experiments were divided into low calcium modified Ringer′s solution group and high calcium modified Ringer′s solution group, using air gap technique to record the spontaneous discharge activities of isolated muscle spindle. And then with administrations of the corresponding modified Ringer′s fluid, the changes of the spontaneous discharges and evoked discharges by Succinylcholine chloride were recorded. After administration of Modified Ringer′s solution with low calcium, the spontaneous discharges of single muscle spindle were significantly increased(P<0.01), the interval of spontaneous discharge was shortened(P<0.01). After administration of Succinylcholine chloride, evoked discharges were not significantly increased. After administration of Modified Ringer′s solution with high calcium, the spontaneous discharges of single muscle spindle were significantly decreased(P<0.01), the interval of spontaneous discharge was prolonged(P<0.05). After administration of Succinylcholine chloride, evoked discharges were not significantly increased. The extracellular fluid with a low concentration of calcium ions can increase the spontaneous discharges of single muscle spindle of rats′ soleus muscle, and the extracellular fluid containing high calcium concentration can inhibit the spontaneous discharges of single muscle spindle of rats′ soleus muscle. Related Articles | Metrics

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The visualization analysis of the ecological stoichiometry research based on the CiteSpace#br# LIN Yong-jing, WU Meng-juan, LU Tong-ping, ZHANG Wen-xiang, NIU Jie 2018, 35 (2):  62.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF   Save tA great progress has been achieved in ecological stoichiometry since the first paper published in 2003. Based on the articles collected by the core journals of China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science with Chinese ecological stoichiometry during 2003-2016, the reference relationship and knowledge maps of the papers have been analyzed by Citespace III, and to further discuss the hotspots and developing trends of Chinese ecological stoichiometry. The results showed that the study of Chinese ecological stoichiometry is focused on ecological stoichiometry, carbon-nitrogen ratio, soil nutrient and organic carbon and nitrogen deposition, and has achieved abundant achievement. Wang, Zeng and Tong have published a large number of research papers on ecological stoichiometry. Many Chinese academy of sciences and universities have deeply studied and explored in the area of evergreen broad-leaved forest, desert steppe, the Loess Plateau and Minjiang estuary of China, such as the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Fujian Normal University and Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology. Meanwhile, the University of Arizona and University of Georgia have paid considerable attention to the stoichiometry in Chinese ecological regions. Meanwhile, with new research methods and techniques, the research on elements circulation and limit factors of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems gains a lot of attention and becomes a hotspot in research field under the continued support of the National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC). So far the domestic research area has extended to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau alpine meadow, tropical and subtropical broad-leaved forest and other areas, still in the terrestrial ecosystem. But the international concern is more aquatic ecosystems such as "fresh water", "climate" "nutrient limitation" and other related research, Henceforth, eco-chemical metrology research will focus on climate change and nutrient dynamic balance model, nutrient elements (K, Na, Ca, S) on the ecological chemical measurement and gene effects and other aspects of research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on antibacterial mechanisms of graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials ZHU Zhong-jie, HUANG Qing 2018, 35 (2):  66.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF   Save Graphene is a six-angle planar structure formed from a SP2 orbital of carbon atoms and has only one carbon atom thickness. Since the first single-layer graphene was obtained in 2004, this material has attracted much attention in electronics, mechanics, optics, astronautics, biomedicine and many other fields due to its unique structure and special properties, and thus shows great application prospect. In this review, we mainly introduces the antimicrobial property and mechanism of graphene and graphene oxide derivatives, and the current research progress on sterilization and mechanisms of graphene-based composite materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research advance of Pyk2 involved in signal transduction pathways WU Xi-ming, KOU Yu-rong 2018, 35 (2):  72.  Abstract ( 374 )   PDF   Save Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) widely exists in cells and tissues, involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes and exerts biological influence. Pyk2 can rapidly response to the extracellular signals depending on the structures of a central kinase domain and its flanked N-and C-terminal domains. It excites the downstream signaling molecules through activation of coupling receptors and autophosphorylation, initiates corresponding cell signal transduction pathways, and ultimately results in a series of cellular morphological and functional changes. In this review, we reviewed the research of Pyk2 involving in cell signal transduction pathways so far in order to comprehensively understand the role of Pyk2 and provide new perspectives for diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of TRIM in the innate immune signaling pathway ZHANG Hong-hai, ZHANG Lei 2018, 35 (2):  76.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF   Save The innate immune system recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs) through PRRs. Upon sensing of these PAMPs, these PRRs trigger a series of signaling events and lead to the subsequent induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons(IFNs). Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that plays a critical role in the innate immune signaling pathway. TRIMs belong to E3 ubiquitin ligases and are important in the innate immune system. Here the recent advances were summarized on the functions and molecular mechanisms of TRIMs in TLRs, RLRs and DNA sensors signaling pathway, and the new insights for regulation of innate immune signaling were provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in targeted therapy of different asthma phenotypes LE Ying, SHI Fei 2018, 35 (2):  80.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF   Save Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease with many different clinical phenotypes. Typical clinical manifestations are recurrent cough, chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of breath, more than nighttime, more self-remission or use of drugs(Such as short-acting beta-agonist salbutamol) can be relieved, which has the characteristics of recurrent， and continuous progress has become a serious public health problem. Among them, inhaled corticosteroids(ICS) are the most effective treatments recommended for the long-term control of asthma, but even with high-dose hormone therapy, combinaed with long-acting β2 receptor agonists or leukotriene modulators，the disease is still difficult to control some to patients, and the heterogeneity of asthma caused many asthma patients respond to conventional anti-asthma treatment is an important reason. Therefore, specific targeting therapy for different asthma phenotypes is an important direction for asthma research in the future. This article reviews several common targeted therapies for asthma phenotypes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis hormones in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease#br# LIU Feng-cang， SUN Yan， LIU Jian， GENG Dan-dan， WANG Lei 2018, 35 (2):  83.  Abstract ( 382 )   PDF   Save It is known that the incidence of Alzheimer′s disease in women is higher than that in men. Studies showed that estrogen and estrogen receptors were closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease. In recent years, the influence of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis on Alzheimer′s disease has been studied, including LH, FSH and HCG participating in the formation of extracellular senile plaques and intracellular fibrillary tangles in different ways. This article reviewed the role of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis hormones in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease，in order to improve the understanding of this area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation of tachypleus amebocyte lysate industry in China and relevant suggestions#br# YAN Ming-yan1, WANG Yue, GU Hua-xin, WANG You-ji, LI Qiong-zhen, FAN Zhi-feng, SUN Bin, HU Meng-hong 2018, 35 (2):  87.  Abstract ( 394 )   PDF   Save Chinese horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) has high economic and scientific values, and its blood extract, tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL), is widely used in pharmaceutical industry for endotoxin detection. As an emerging industry, TAL industry in China is not optimistic, facing many crucial problems such as lack of basic research, inadequate availability raw material (Chinese horseshoe crab) and so on. This paper summarizes typical TAL production techniques, current situation of TAL industry and the main problems which block its development. Relevant suggestions are also provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research progress of Rhinopithecus Brelichi PAN You-fu, ZHAO Yan-yu, ZHENG Xiang, ZHANG Zhi-min, CHEN Zhong-jie, XU Dan 2018, 35 (2):  91.  Abstract ( 367 )   PDF   Save Rhinopithecus brelichi is an endangered species of colobinae endemic to Mountain Fanjing of Guizhou, China. Here we reviewed the current status and progresses made in scientific research on Rhinopithecus brelich regarding to its habitat, diet, behavior, social structure, as well as the molecular genetics and genomic studies. The result would be a useful resource for studies, including biomedical research on R. brelich and its related species. We also provided some recommendations on conservation of this endangered animal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative detection of fibronectin in porcine small intestinal submucosa extracellular matrix CHEN Yi, XIA Lei-lei, ZHANG Yang, GAO Jian-ping, LI Sai-na 2018, 35 (2):  96.  Abstract ( 326 )   PDF   Save Quantitative analysis of fibronectin in porcine small intestinal submucosa(p-SIS) acellular matrix was investigated using batch enzymatic digest and high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS). The results indicated that batch enzymatic digest could improve the hydrolysis efficiency compared to static enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysis time decreased to 6 hours from 96 hours, and the enzymatic hydrolysis rate amounted to 95%. Marker peptide, SSPVVIDASTAIDAPSNLR, was detected from the tryptic digest of FN. Based on the peak areas of marker peptide from FN standards with different concentration, the FN content in VIDASISTM was determined as 0.43%. Amount of FN in Biodesign was determined as 0.17%. The method precision(RSD, 1.31%) and the deviation were carried out in the methodology experiments. The results indicate the established quantitative method is effective for detecting FN content in acellular matrix. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on catalytic pyrolysis and product analysis of algae WEI Xin-lai, FENG Ling-ling, CI Juan, WANG Xiang, YU Zhi-min, CAI Jing-min, WU Ke 2018, 35 (2):  100.  Abstract ( 268 )   PDF   Save In this study, taken Chaohu algae as raw material and molecular 38% HZSM-5sieve as catalyst for catalytic pyrolysis, the effects of pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, catalyst content on the pyrolysis efficiency were investigated. The suitable technological conditions for the preparation of catalytic pyrolysis were obtained as follows: pyrolysis temperature of 450℃, pyrolysis time of 30 min, the catalyst mass fraction of 10%, the yield of pyrolysis char can reach 29.1%, the yield of the pyrolysis liquid is up to 58.4%. The SEM were characterized for the pyrolysis solid product, which showed that there was no obvious pore structure on the surface of the pyrolysis carbon. The XRD analysis shows that a shoulder peak near the 2 theta is 23 degrees in pyrolytic carbon, most of the carbon exists in the amorphous form. The GC-MS characterization of pyrolysis liquid show that hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing compounds, acids and other organic compounds (including alcohols, phenols, esters and unknown material etc.)were include in the liquid components. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of Adobe Illustrator in drawing noncricle plant structure WANG Yong-fei,MA San-mei 2018, 35 (2):  105.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF   Save Adobe Illustrator can be used to draw the plant structure in the experiment of plant biology. Transverse section of leaves, anther and ovary are not circle in shape. Creating a new pattern brush is a good tool for drawing their structure. New pattern brush can draw a lot of epidermis and palisade cells in short time. Creating a new pattern brush make drawing plant structure easily and quickly. We use the transverse section of lily ovary as an example to introduce how to create a pattern brush and use it to stroke. Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching reform and innovation of fruit trees cultivation under the modern agricultural development LIU Pu, WANG Yue, YANG Jun, JIA Bin, XIE Min, ZHU Li-wu 2018, 35 (2):  108.  Abstract ( 247 )   PDF   Save Fruit trees cultivation is one of the core courses with very strong practicality. To learn it well, the students shall master the basic theory of fruit cultivation, and the main practical technology of efficient cultivation of high quality and high yield of fruit trees. In recent days, the rapid development of fruit industry and cultivation techniques, the traditional fruit trees cultivation teaching could not meet the demand of the development of the society. According to the training students′ innovative spirit, we cultivate students the ability of contemporary higher education personnel training requirements by the measures such as teaching contents, teaching methods, practice teaching and examination mode content. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the practical teaching system of ability of innovation and entrepreneurship in engineering colleges#br#  ——a case study of bioengineering major#br# GE Fei, TAO Yu-gui, ZHU Long-bao, LI Wan-zhen, XIANG Si-wen, SONG Ping 2018, 35 (2):  112.  Abstract ( 305 )   PDF   Save Innovation and entrepreneurship practice education is an important practice platform for colleges and universities to carry out innovative entrepreneurship education and promote students′ independent entrepreneurship. Guiding students to set up the consciousness of innovation and entrepreneurship, and mastering the knowledge and skills of innovation and entrepreneurship have become the key foothold in the training of high-quality talents in colleges and universities in the new era. The construction of the practice teaching system innovation and entrepreneurship was explored to provide the reference of cultivating innovation and entrepreneurship talents.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Misunderstanding in course learning of biochemistry(I) YAN Rong-ling, LIAO Yang, LI Ling, LI Chang-jian 2018, 35 (2):  115.  Abstract ( 228 )   PDF   Save Biochemistry is a basic course for biology related majors. It is necessary to find and to correct the misunderstanding in students′ learning process for improving the teaching effect and strengthening the students′ basic knowledge. Based on years of classroom teaching experience, some students′ common misunderstandings about the structure of cell and cell membrane, sugar chemistry and glucose metabolism, gene and its expression，and enzyme in course learning of biochemistry were listed and explained in the present paper in order to improve the exchange among colleagues and help students to obtain a better study result. Related Articles | Metrics

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The construction of teaching system for molecular biology experiment in the context of application-oriented transformation ZHANG Xiang-feng， JIAO Zi-wei， YANG Xiao-rong， REN Yan-li， BORRATHYBAY Entomack 2018, 35 (2):  118.  Abstract ( 214 )   PDF   Save In face of the new situation of application-oriented transformation and in consideration of the actual conditions in minority nationality regions, this paper, which aims at the training of application-oriented talents, has elaborated on the construction of molecular biology experimental teaching system from four aspects, i.e. teaching content, teaching method, practice base and effect evaluation. In terms of the teaching content, we have optimized the experimental project through opening of the modular fixed project; the teaching method is based on micro-lessons with combination of Erya teaching platform to realize the close combination of theory and practice; experimental projects are set up based on the social demand and from the viewpoint of job requirements, and a practice platform designed for practical application is provided for the students based on the practice base; meanwhile, experimental courses are combined with practical training and practice evaluation is expanded to construct a comprehensive evaluation system. This new experimental teaching system can not only improve students′ interest in learning and raise the students′ awareness of participation, but also give good training for the ability of operation and the comprehensive ability of students. The most important function is to enhance students′adaptability to jobs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The introduction of practical elements to the microbiology teaching on application oriented engineering institute and teach students in accordance with their aptitude SHI Hui, HE Li-chao, ZHANG Xuan, LI Chan-juan 2018, 35 (2):  122.  Abstract ( 192 )   PDF   Save The practical elements were introduced into the microbiology teaching for servicing on the training of applied type and compound talent with comprehensive knowledge, qualities, and ability in this study, and the self evaluation of students and the assessment of teachers were used to evaluate the students′ learning effect of this introduction. The results indicated that the students were generally considered that these practical element can improve their learning ability and practical ability, but not all the practical elements are suitable for all students. We should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and guide the interested-based students to take part in scientific and technological innovation and microbiology experiment skills competition, and encourage the task-based students take part in all kinds of microbiology experimental skills when they finish their daily experiment, practice and project-driven homework, and facilitate unwillingness-based students to do well on their basic practical leaning tasks, such as daily experiment, practice and project-driven homework. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform and exploration on an experimental teaching SONG Xiao-ping, WANG Ya-jie, CAI Jing-jing, SHAO Chang-sheng, HUANG Jing 2018, 35 (2):  125.  Abstract ( 190 )   PDF   Save According to local technical college talent cultivation concept of developing students′ professional ability and comprehensive quality, we discussed how to explore and reform the experimental teaching mode of pharmaceutical production technology from the significance and necessity of teaching reform point of view. To meet the teaching quality requirement, we took the following measures such as the establishment of four "3" practical teaching system based on professional ability and quality; optimum of the experiment project and constructing the content system of the modular progressive model; the implementation of "project oriented, task driven" teaching methods to stimulate students′ innovative practical ability; the construction of practical teaching evaluation system of "experiment preparation, experiment process and experiment report" and comprehensive assessment of students′ comprehensive experimental quality. Finally, we found not only the students′ learning autonomy and enthusiasm were effectively inspired, but also the students′ enthusiasm of observation, comparison, question, and analysis were effectively motivated and promoted. Furthermore, students′ professional ability and experimental quality are well trained. Related Articles | Metrics