Table of Content

18 February 2025, Volume 42 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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Application and prospect of neutralizing antibodies in the treatment of viral infectious diseases HU Jing, DENG Shasha, WANG Meihua, LIU Mengyao, JIN Tengchuan 2025, 42 (1):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.001 Abstract ( 145 )   PDF   Save Infectious diseases are a kind of transmitted diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, which can affect human and animal health and even produce great social economic burden. Compared with vaccination, antiviral drugs and other control methods, antibody has gradually become an important strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases because of its small side effects and strong timeliness. Neutralizing antibody is a kind of antibody that can specifically bind to the surface antigen of infectious particles, thereby blocking its interaction with the host cells and preventing cells from being invaded. A variety of neutralizing antibodies against viral infection have been developed. In this paper, the research progress of four typical virus therapeutic antibodies for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, HIV and RSV was reviewed, including representative antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, ebola GP protein, HIV gp160 protein and RSV F protein. The selection of neutralizing antibody target and its future development and application were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transcriptome analysis of the drought response in hulless barley CHEN Shuaihao, NIU Liping, BO La, QIN Zhongmengyi, Dawa Dondup, Lhundrup Namgyal, HOU Xin 2025, 42 (1):  9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.009 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF   Save Hulless barley is an important crop with high economic and ecological value on the Tibetan Plateau. It is highly resistant to drought stress. To study the molecular mechanism of drought resistance, two hulless barley varieties with different drought resistance were subjected to simulated drought and transcriptome analysis. After 24 h of drought treatment, 85 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were screened from the drought-sensitive variety YC85, and 186 DEGs were screened from the drought-resistant variety ZY1100. GO enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed that water response and ion transport were mainly enriched in YC85, and acid metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis were mainly enriched in ZY1100. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that in YC85, MAPK signaling pathway-plant, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, etc., were enriched, and in ZY1100, phytohormone signaling, amino acid biosynthesis, etc., were the main enriched pathways. By analyzing the common and specific DEGs of the two hulless barley varieties, as well as the enrichment of GO functions and KEGG pathways, 59 genes involved in the drought response were identified. The results of this study provide valuable information and resources for understanding the regulatory mechanism of gene expression and the discovery of drought resistance genes in hulless barley, as well as providing an important basis for subsequent gene function research and breeding. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of carbon dots using Tibetan medicine Rhodiola crenulate as carbon source #br# FAN Jinhao, XU Xianming, SUN Guihong, GUO Mingxiong 2025, 42 (1):  16.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.016 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF   Save In an attempt to investigate the effect of different solvent purification on the properties ofRhodiola crenulatecarbon dots, in this study,Rhodiola crenulatewater-soluble carbon dots (RWW-CDs) andR.crenulatealcohol-soluble carbon dots (RWE-CDs) were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization ofR.crenulatepowder of the Tibetan medicine at high temperatures, which were then separated and purified. TEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and XRD comparative analyses were used to compare the characterization data ofR.crenulate-CDs prepared by the two different methods. The dimension of RWE-CDs was found to be larger than that of RWW-CDs, and the fluorescence properties of the twoR.crenulatecarbon dots were good, but the fluorescence properties of RWW-CDs were better than that of RWE-CDs. The result of XPS demonstrated that the main components of the twoR.crenulatecarbon dots were carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, moreover, the content of nitrogen in the RWW-CDs was extremely low and the content of carbon was higher than that in the RWW-CDs. XRD results demonstrated that the twoR.crenulatecarbon dots prepared by this paper were characterized by a combination of the following factors. The crystalline phases of the twoR.crenulatecarbon dots prepared in this paper were consistent with the {10.0} plane of CQD, but the characteristic peaks of RWE-CDs were better than those of RWW-CDs. The Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed that the peaks of the RWW-CDs were more uniform and stable, while the RWE-CDs had more miscellaneous peaks, which might be due to the difference of solvents used for the two carbon dots extraction. The CCK-8 method and Calcein/PI staining method were also used to determine that there was no significant difference in biological toxicity between theR.crenulatecarbon dots purified by the two methods. Furthermore, the pH fluorescence stability and cellular imaging of the two carbon dots were also explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of the transcriptional regulatory patterns in Eriophyton wallichii for adaptation to high-altitude extreme environments ZHAO Ning, WEI Yiling, LIU Xing, DING Yali 2025, 42 (1):  24.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.024 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF   Save This study integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the differential metabolites and gene expression profiles ofEriophyton wallichiiat varying altitudes, aiming to elucidate its adaptive mechanisms to the extreme cobble environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Key metabolites and genes associated withE.wallichii’s adaptation to high-altitude conditions were identified. Our results revealed that the total metabolite profiles ofE. wallichiiincluded secondary metabolites (e.g., flavonoids, phenylpropanoids), amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), lipids (e.g., unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, linolenic acid), and other compounds. Flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and related pathways involved in high-altitude adaptation were notably enriched in the leaves of high-altitude populations. Accumulation of substances such as kaempferol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-neohesperidoside, Apigenin-7-caffeoylglucoside, and kaempferol-3-glucoside in the leaves was likely linked to the development of trichomes inE.wallichii.Additionally, genes related to glutathione and ascorbic acid synthesis were significantly enriched in the roots of high-altitude populations, playing a crucial role in the antioxidant defense system. This study offered valuable insights into the adaptive mechanisms ofE.wallichiiin high-altitude environments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Acid production characteristics and complete genome sequencing analysis of Pseudomonas sp. 1616X1 ZHAI Mei, LI Sisi, ZHAO Shuai, HUANG Feng, ZHOU Jia, ZHAO Leizhen, QU Jianhang 2025, 42 (1):  36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.036 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF   Save High efficiency phosphor-solublePseudomonassp. 1616X1 was used as the object and Ca3(PO4)2was used as the phosphorus source to explore the mechanism ofPseudomonasin dissolving insoluble inorganic phosphorus. The kinds and content of organic acids in the process of solubilizing phosphorus were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the complete genome ofPseudomonassp. 1616X1 was sequenced by using the Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platform, gene prediction, functional annotation, and analysis of phosphorus-solubilizing related genes were completed after sequence assembly. The results showed thatPseudomonassp. 1616X1 produced gluconic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid and other organic acids in the process of phosphorus dissolution, among which gluconic acid was the main one. The content of gluconic acid reached 17582.06 mg/L when the maximum amount of phosphorus was dissolved. The complete genome analysis revealed that the gene length ofPseudomonassp. 1616X1 was 5957 620 bp with 61.55% overall GC content, including 5535 coding sequences. Based on comparison and annotation by database of COG, GO and KEGG, the strain contained pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis gene cluster (pqq), phosphate transport system synthesis genes (pstandpit) and phosphorus starvation response regulation genes (phoB,phoRandphoH). And it contained glucose dehydrogenase gene (gdh), pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase gene (gcd), citrate synthase gene (gltA) and tartrate dehydrogenase gene (ttuC) and other organic acid synthesis genes. The findings of this study provided a foundation for understanding the mechanism of phosphate solubilization ofPseudomonassp. 1616X1 and future genetic modification research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and antibacterial metabolites investigation of  a marine actinomycetes HN1-131 QIAN Jiaxing, ZHU Shiyi, QIAN Shenghui, HAN Yilong, MIAO Li 2025, 42 (1):  41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.041 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF   Save The species identification, culture conditions optimization and secondary metabolites of an antibacterial marine actinomycete HN1-131 isolated from mangrove sediment in Hainan were investigated. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis and morphological observation, strain HN1-131 was identified asStreptomyces tanashiensis. The results of single factor test showed that both the GS and YG media were most suitable for the growth, secondary metabolism and active metabolites production of the strain HN1-131. Orthogonal experiments showed that soluble starch content in GS medium had a significant impact on the growth and antibacterial substances synthesis of strain HN1-131, while 60‰ of NaCl significantly inhibited the production of antibacterial active substances. Through orthogonal experimental optimization, the weight of crude extracts of this strain increased by 30.0% and its antibacterial activity against CV12472 and SA43300 increased by 35.6% and 14.5%, respectively. Through GC-MS analysis, thirteen possible compounds were identified from the active components, among which several compounds including diisooctyl phthalate, 2,2′-methylenebis \[4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol\] and kenparone exhibited antibacterial, anti-tumor, or antioxidant activities. The relative abundance changes of diisooctyl phthalate and 2,2′-methylenebis\[4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol\] in the crude extract before and after optimization were consistent with the changes of antibacterial activity of the crude extract. The strain HN1-131 had excellent antibacterial activity and abundant active metabolites, which might be a good source for active substances and provided a basis for the development of mangrove microbial resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative genomics study of the typical bacteria Acidiphilium in biohydrometallurgy system LI Xing, LOU Wei, LI Liangzhi, YIN Huaqun, XU Xizhong, XIA Ling, MENG Delong 2025, 42 (1):  48.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.048 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF   Save Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents a uniquely acidic ecosystem, marked by oligotrophic conditions, a low pH environment, and elevated concentrations of heavy metals. Within this milieu, a diverse array of acidophilic and acid-tolerant microorganisms thrives, playing pivotal roles in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and various other elements. The complex interplay between heterotrophic and autotrophic microorganisms underscores a significant ecological niche, with theAcidiphiliumgenus, a group of facultative heterotrophic microorganisms constituting a minor proportion (<1%) of the AMD microbial community. Notably, these organisms often engage in symbiotic interactions with prevalent species likeAcidibacillus, suggesting thatAcidiphiliumspecies fulfill unique and crucial ecological functions within the AMD ecosystem. In order to investigate the ecological function ofAcidiphilium, a strain ofAcidiphiliumwas isolated from an extremely acidic environment. It was identified asAcidiphilium cryptumAcc2 after being compared with ANI by 16S rDNA. TheAcidiphilium cryptumAcc2 genome contained 1066 protein-coding genes with a total sequence length of 4917178 bp, all of which were larger than the gene size of other strains in the genus. It was an open genome, containing 47242 protein-coding genes, 699 protein-coding genes (1.48%) were identified as core genes, 33457 protein-coding genes were variable genes (70.82%), and 2705 protein-coding genes were unique genes (5.73%). The Ka/Ks values of heavy metal resistance genes of 95.5% were all lower than 1, which showed strong purification selection. The flow and exchange frequency between genes in the genome of the genusAcidiphiliumwas higher than that of other species, and it had a greater positive impact on the evolution and environmental adaptability of strains. This research shed light on their evolutionary trajectories and gene transfer mechanisms, offering insights into their environmental adaptation mechanism and ecological significance in AMD environments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Neoagarotetraose: isolation, purification and moisturizing activity LIU Xiao, YANG Ziyi, WU Chaocheng, LYU Bailin, ZENG Runying 2025, 42 (1):  55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.055 Abstract ( 73 )   PDF   Save In this research, the final products resulting from the hydrolysis of agar by recombinant agarase AgaP438 were isolated and purified by gel filtration chromatography to investigate the moisturizing activity and potential mechanism of neoagaro-oligosaccharide with single degree of polymerization. The purified products were subjected to analysis, with purity evaluated via ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and the relative molecular mass determined using electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). The impact of neoagarotetraose on the viability of keratinocytes was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, while ELISA and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to examine its effects on the expression of filaggrin (FLG), aquaporin-3 (AQP3), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in keratinocytes. The study findings revealed that the isolation of neoagarotetraose with a relative molecular mass of 630 and a purity of 96.53% was accomplished via Bio-Gel P2 fine gel column, with a yield of 78.4%. Cell experiments demonstrated that neoagarotetraose had no significant impact on the viability of keratinocytes within the mass concentration range of 0.0625－1 mg/mL, and exhibited good biocompatibility. Neoagarotetraose significantly increased the expression of moisturizing-related proteins FLG, AQP3, and ZO-1 in keratinocytes at the mass concentration of 0.125 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL (P<0.05). These findings highlighted the development and utilization potential of neoagarotetraose in moisturizing cosmetics, which provided a new direction for the development of cosmetic raw materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the inhibitory effect of crude extract of Agriophyllum squarrosum on the pathogen of blackshank disease of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Longnan SHI Liang, QIAN Chaoju, FAN Xingke, YAN Xia, CAO Yonghong, ZHANG Hong, LU Xin, MA Xiaofei 2025, 42 (1):  61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.061 Abstract ( 73 )   PDF   Save In order to clarify the pathogenic fungi, morphological and ITS sequencing methods were used to isolate and identify the pathogenic fungi of black shank disease onZanthoxylum bungeanumin Longnan area. 13 strains with different colony morphological characteristics were isolated and purified from the black shank disease lesions of multiple LongnanZ. bungeanumstrains. After host tieback and Koch’s rule verification, it was clarified for the first time that the causative agent ofZ. bungeanumblack shank in Longnan was a type ofAlternaria tenuissima. The inhibitory effect of the crude extract ofAgriophyllum squarrosumagainstA. tenuissimawas evaluated by gradient growth inhibition assay. It was found that the crude extract of 8 mg/mL ofA. squarrosumhad the best inhibitory effect onA. tenuissimaand the inhibition rate reached at 70.18%. The research case not only illustrated the complex and diverse mechanisms of the occurrence of black shank inZ. bungeanum, but also supported that the crude extract of the psammophila medicinal plantA. squarrosumhad broad prospects as a botanical fungicide in the biological control of major diseases of important economic forest crops, and it expanded the application direction ofA. squarrosumin China’s characteristic ecological agriculture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of HvGPAT5 gene in barley MA Jianzhi, YANG Chenglan, DU Mingyang, LUO Tianrong, DUO Jiecuo, XIONG Huiyan, DUAN Ruijun 2025, 42 (1):  67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.067 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF   Save Glycerol-3-phosphateacyltransferase (GPAT) is a key enzyme in lipid biosynthesis that plays an important role in basic cellular metabolism related to plant growth and development and stress tolerance. In this study, theHvGPAT5gene in the barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) ‘Morex’ was cloned and subjected to bioinformatics analysis and relative expression analysis under abiotic stress. The results showed that the coding region ofHvGPAT5was 1203 bp in length, encoding a peptide of 400 residues. The protein was proposed to be a basic unstable hydrophobic protein and consisted of four transmembrane domains. Subcellular localization analysis indicated thatHvGPAT5was distributed in cell membrane. The conserved domain analysis showed HvGPAT5 contained a conserved acyltransferase structural domain, which was a typical member of the GPAT family. The phylogenetic analysis presented that HvGPAT5 had the closest relationship with homologues in the wheat, which belonged to the same subfamily asArabidopsis ATS1. Protein interaction analysis indicatedHvGPAT5acted as a core gene that interacted closely with other members of the barley GPAT protein family. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed thatHvGPAT5had relatively high expression in leaves, but low expression in other tissues. Meanwhile, the relative expression ofHvGPAT5was significantly up-regulated in both roots and leaves under abiotic stress (drought, salt, and low temperature), indicating thatHvGPAT5possibly played a positive regulatory role in the abiotic stress response of barley. This study laid a foundation for the further exploration of the biological functions ofHvGPAT5and provided a candidate gene for the study of barley abiotic stress tolerance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity and differentiation of Calliptamus barbarus barbarus(Costa)(Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Xinjiang on the basis of COI and ND5 sequences ZHANG Yue, LI Jinxing, WANG Yang, REN Jinlong, ZHAO Li 2025, 42 (1):  76.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.076 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF   Save To investigate the affinities and genetic mechanisms of distances geographical populations ofCalliptamus barbarus barbarus, 109 mitochondrial COI and ND5 gene sequences from 12 geographic populations ofC.barbarus barbaruswere sequenced. The genetic diversity and the differentiation of this grasshopper in Xinjiang were analyzed by these two genes. By examining the combination of genes, the link between genetic diversity and meteorological and environmental factors was explored. The results revealed a substantial genetic diversity (Hd:0.9333－1.0000,Pi:0.0606－0.3253) in the COI and ND5 genes across the 12 geographic populations, with moderate genetic differentiation among these populations and relatively strong gene flow (Fst:0.1062,Nm:2.11). The AMOVA analyses found that the majority (89.68%) of genetic variation was observed within populations, and the Mantel test established a significant positive correlation betweenFstand geographic distance (R=0.4034,P=0.037). Altitude emerged as the primary factor influencing the genetic diversity ofC. barbarus barbaruspopulations, thus providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent analysis of the grasshopper evolutionary history in Xinjiang. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the mechanism of dopamine regulating forgetting in Caenorhabditis elegans ZHU Man, LI Ruobing 2025, 42 (1):  83.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.083 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF   Save To investigate the role and molecular regulation mechanism of dopamine signaling pathway in forgetting, the key components of this pathway were screened using theCaenorhabditis elegansfood-butanone positive associative learning model, including tyrosine hydroxylase (CAT-2), dopamine transporter (DAT-1), dopamine receptor (DOP-1/2/3/4), G protein, cAMP and PLC pathways. The results showed that mutations incat-2or treatment with 6-OHDA disrupted normal dopamine signal transmission, leading to a notable decline in the worm’s learning and memory retention abilities. Mutations indat-1impeded dopamine reuptake, resulting in accelerated forgetting.dop-1mutant animals exhibited memory retention deficits, whiledop-2,dop-3, anddop-4mutants showed no significant difference from the control group. Among the screened G proteins (GSA-1, GOA-1, EGL-30), onlygsa-1mutation accelerated forgetting. Additionally, key members of the cAMP and PLC pathways were examined, revealing that mutations inkin-2(PKA) within the cAMP pathway expedited forgetting. The findings suggested that dopamine played a role in the regulation of forgetting inC. elegans, potentially acting through the DOP-1/GSA-1/PKA pathway. This study provided a theoretical foundation for understanding the role of dopamine in forgetting and offers insights into the comparison of dopamine systems across species evolution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Differences in respiratory behavior between female and male Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) during the pre-reproductive period TIAN He, WANG Pei, LUO Shouliang, ZHANG Yifang, WANG Ziteng, LUO Qinghua 2025, 42 (1):  87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.087 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF   Save To explore the differences in respiratory behavior between different genders of Chinese giant salamanders (Andrias davidianus) and the adaptation of breathing behavior to their special physiological stages, and to enrich the research on the breathing behavior characteristics ofA. davidianus, the infrared image monitoring system was used to monitor the breathing behavior of female and maleA. davidianusin the pre-reproductive period, and the water quality monitoring system was used to monitor the water temperature (WT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the stream ofA. davidianus’s breeding pool for 45 days. The indicators of breathing behavior such as single breathing duration (SBD), breathing interval (BI), breathing frequency (BF), and total breathing duration (TBD) were counted, and the circadian rhythm and the change trend of breathing behavior in the pre-reproductive period, as well as the relationship between breathing behavior indicators and WT and DO were analyzed. The results showed that in the pre-reproductive period, female and maleA. davidianushad longer SBD at night, shorter BI, more BF, and longer TBD than during the daytime. The SBD of femaleA. davidianuswas about （8.52±7.13）s shorter than that of maleA. davidianus, and its BI was about （431.74±171.52）s smaller than that of maleA. davidianus.Its BF was about （2.50±1.21）times/h more than that of maleA. davidianus, and its TBD over a hour was about （46.18±51.17）s larger than that of maleA. davidianus. The BD, BF and TBD were positively correlated with WT and negatively correlated with DO. BI was negatively correlated with WT and positively correlated with DO. In the pre-reproductive period,A. davidianushad an obvious circadian rhythm, and the respiratory metabolism of femaleA. davidianuswas stronger than that of maleA. davidianus, and they could actively regulate its breathing behavior to accommodate the changes in the water environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the function of GDI-GDP dissociation suppressor ZHOU Jingya, SU Yanshan, TANG Rongxia, YANG Xiaoya, XI Dehui 2025, 42 (1):  92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.092 Abstract ( 80 )   PDF   Save GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) is common in plants, mammals and other species, it is one of the key regulatory factors of guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases) activity, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of GTPases activity. GTPases can bind and hydrolyze GTP, and GDI can participate in regulating the conversion of small G proteins between the GTP-bound activated state and the GDP-bound deactivated state, controlling numerous signal transduction pathways. In this paper, we summarize the research progress of the role of GDI in different organisms such as mammals and plants. In the process of disease occurrence, GDI is mainly involved in the regulation of human cancer, vascular permeability and other related diseases. In addition, GDI also plays an important role in insulin secretion, male infertility and the course of preeclampsia. In plants, GDI is involved in regulating the polar growth of pollen tube or root hair, affecting plant morphogenesis, and also plays an important role in plant stress resistance. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of the biological function of GDI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of florigen FT in the function of plant development WANG Yixin, ZHANG Zhongliang, XIE Linan, ZHANG Qingzhu 2025, 42 (1):  98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.098 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF   Save Plants require reproductive growth and vegetative growth to ensure the success of life cycle. It is vital that this developmental process is precisely regulated. Flowering mechanism is highly conserved in plants, the crucial part of it is the transcriptional regulation by signals from both external and internal of the geneFLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which is known as florigen. FT protein belongs to a highly conserved protein family. Meanwhile, it is also an important factor that both vegetative growth and reproductive growth need. This article introduced the research onFT’s function and mechanism in the two stages, as well as the role of related transcription factors and their regulation network, in an effort to better understand how plants adapt to environmental changes with precision. Additionally, it provided insights for molecular genetic improvements related to plant reproductive regulation in breeding goals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extraction and separation of ectoine from halophiles and identification of the main components from purified samples LYU Chuanbo, ZHU Derui, XING Jiangwa, LI Yongzhen, SHEN Guoping 2025, 42 (1):  105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.105 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF   Save To overcome the drawbacks of complex and high cost extraction process for ectoine, this study aimed to establish a simple and feasible method for ectoine extraction and purification. Firstly, different methods for separating ectoine from halophiles were compared to determine the optimal extraction conditions. Secondly, the preliminary extract was desalted and decolorized, and then refined by ion exchange and crystallization to obtain ectoine. The main components and residues in the ectoine extract were identified by UHPLC-MS. The results showed that the ethanol extraction method was the most suitable solutions for rapid extraction of intracellular ectoine. In addition, methanol desalination and activated carbon decolorization had significant effects. The main component of the final sample was confirmed as Ectoine by HPLC and MS. Notably, the purity of ectoine was 95.01%, and the yield was 46.41%. This method was simple and cost-effective, which can not only meet the needs of small-scale ectoine extraction, but also provide technical support for the screening of high-yield strains of ectoine and the development of its application value. Related Articles | Metrics

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Innovative design of practical biostatistics course SHI Wenyu, LING Yi, MAO Tonglin, SUN Dehao, YU Jingjuan, ZHANG Ziding 2025, 42 (1):  112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.112 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF   Save Practical biostatistics, which is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to analyze biological data, emphasizes both theoretical frameworks and practical applications. In the big data era, where importance of data and data analysis is escalating, practical biostatistics has gained increasing attention. Serving as a basic course for students, it not only requires a clear explanation of the mathematical and statistical knowledge but also emphasizes its practicality, making it challenging to teach. Here, the design, content arrangement and teaching philosophy of the practical biostatistics course were discussed based on the teaching experiences, in order to serve as a reference for the lecture design of interdisciplinary course. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of the progressive experimental teaching in flow cytometry ZHAO Yinglan, JIA Fangxing, SONG Yakun, SHENG Yue, YU Chunhong, DENG Yi 2025, 42 (1):  117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.117 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF   Save Flow cytometry is widely applied in various fields of life science research. Due to its complex principles and operations, it is difficult for undergraduates to master it quickly. This teaching reform enabled undergraduates to systematically learn the application of flow cytometry in cell biology research by using flow cytometry to detect the cell cycle, cell phagocytosis, and apoptosis, which helped to cultivate their scientific research thinking and experimental skills and promoted students’ active learning and exploration spirit. The progressive teaching contents included the basic knowledge of flow cytometry, methods for collecting and displaying fluorescence signals, how to set gate, threshold, and fluorescence compensation for multi fluorescence detection. The teaching results showed that the progressive experimental design deepened the students’ understanding and mastery of the basic knowledge of flow cytometry. The students gradually learned cell specimen preparation, experimental operation and data processing which improved their operation and scientific research analysis abilities, laid a good foundation for scientific research work, and explored the application of advanced instruments in undergraduate practical teaching. Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice of comparative teaching method in experiment teaching of biological separation engineering DONG Miaoyin, HAN Jiangyuan, YANG Delong, LI Mengfei 2025, 42 (1):  122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.122 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF   Save Comparative teaching method presenting advantage and superiority in many courses teaching was applied in experiment teaching of biological separation engineering, and the teaching effects were evaluated on the questionnaire of student investigation. The results showed that the comparative teaching method could effectively arouse students’ interests, and promote the understanding and mastery of experimental principles and operation methods in experimental projects. It played an important role in improving students’ hands-on ability, exercising experimental operation skills, and cultivating innovative thinking abilities through the comparative learning of biomaterial selection, active substance extraction and isolation, and antioxidant capacity determination, which fully exhibited the superiority of this teaching mode in the experiment teaching of biological separation engineering. Therefore, the generalization of comparative teaching method could provide references for the experimental teaching design and reform of biological separation engineering and similar courses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and practice of outstanding aquaculture talents training mode GAO Zhipeng, LI Delang, DAI Rongsi, ZHONG Lei, XIAO Tiaoyi 2025, 42 (1):  126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.01.126 Abstract ( 71 )   PDF   Save This study elaborated the reform and innovation of “outstanding aquaculture talents education and training program” carried out by aquaculture discipline of Hunan Agricultural University, which mainly included the setting up of “outstanding talents” training system, creating “double fusion hybrid course teaching mode”, exploring the “outstanding talent cooperative education mechanism”, these above cultivation modes have obtained many good results of theory and practice. Thus, we summarized the experience and practice in the reform process, in order to provide reference and basis for the relevant universities in China to carry out the training of outstanding aquaculture talents. Related Articles | Metrics