Table of Content

18 August 2018, Volume 35 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Comparison and analysis of methods in autophagy research LI Zhi-yuan, ZHANG Xin 2018, 35 (4):  1.  Abstract ( 592 )   PDF   Save Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation process in eukaryotes from yeast to mammalian cells, which degrades damaged proteins, organelles, cytosol and invaded microorganism to maintain homeostasis. Based on data reported in the literature and our own experience, we summarize some commonly used methods in autophagy research, such as LC3 turnover, GFP resistance to degradation, p62, mRFP-GFP-LC3 live imaging, electron microscope and flow cytometry. We also provide some experimental tips and details that people should pay attention to because these factors frequently cause experimental variations. We hope to provide some experimental guidance and references for researchers that are new to the field of autophagy. This will help people to get accurate and reproducible experimental results as well as valid explanations.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Catechin on Aβ1-40 induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells LIU Yan-xia, WANG Jia-yue, DAI Xue-ling, SUN Ya-xuan 2018, 35 (4):  7.  Abstract ( 264 )   PDF   Save In the present work, a SH-SY5Y injuring model induced by Aβ1-40 was established, and the effect and possible mechanisms of Catechin on the model were investigated. Cell viability was assayed by MTT, and membrane permeability was detected by the LDH kit. In addition, the ROS kit and Caspase 3 activity assay kit were employed to measure the ROS level and Caspase 3 activity in SH-SY5Y cell, respectively. The results showed that, Aβ1-40 decreased the cell viability and promoted the membrane permeability of SH-SY5Y, but Catechin could inhibit the impact of Aβ1-40. The possible mechanism involved is that Catechin might decrease the Oxidation level and Caspase 3 activity in SH-SY5Y cell. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of acrylic acid grafting on fibroin-based water-absorbing material using enzymatic method ZHOU Bu-guang, LIU Yue-ming, WANG Ping, WANG Qiang, FAN Xue-rong 2018, 35 (4):  11.  Abstract ( 377 )   PDF   Save In order to improve the efficiency of grafting vinyl monomers on the surface of silk fibroin and produce fibroin-based water-absorbing composite, the graft reaction of acrylic acid (AA) and silk fibroin (SF) was first carried out in this work by means of EDC (1-(3-dimethylamino) propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride-3-ethyl)/NHS (N-hydroxy succinimide) crosslinking system. The carboxyl groups were reacted with amino groups on SF, which could introduce double bonds into fibroin proteins to increase the reactive sites of graft copolymerization. And then copolymerization of SF, AA, acrylamide (AM) and cross linker of N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) was catalyzed using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) system, and finally water-absorbing material of regenerated silk fibroin was fabricated. Changes in the content of free amino groups in silk fibroin solution via multiple methods and AA in the solution before and after the graft reaction, shapes of prepared fibroin membranes under different conditions were evaluated, respectively. The water absorption and conservation performance, repeat water-absorbing and releasing properties were also investigated. The results indicated that AA monomer was successfully grafted onto SF via EDC/NHS, and the water-absorbing composite of grafted SF copolymerized with AA and AM had better water absorption, water retention and repeat absorbency compared with ungrafted SF. Meanwhile, fast packet load capacity and preferable thermal stability were achieved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Yeast two-hybrid screening of host proteins that interact with VP6 or VP38 encoded by type III reovirus of grass carp WANG Long-long, QIU Jun-qiang, YU Fei1, WANG Hao, LYU Li-qun 2018, 35 (4):  16.  Abstract ( 282 )   PDF   Save To screen and identify the proteins that interact with VP6 and VP38 of type III reovirus of grass carp,GCRV104 strain, the complete ORFs encoded by the s8 and s10 genome fragments were amplified by RT-PCR from infected cells and used to generate the bait plasmids for yeast two-hybrid screen, pGBKT7-VP6 and pGBKT7-VP38, respectively. The cDNA library plasmid of Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney cells was screened to reveal potential interaction partners in yeast AH109 transformed with pGBKT7-VP6 or pGBKT7-VP38. The positive clones were analyzed by plasmid sequencing and nucleotide sequence blasting.The results showed that both bait plasmid pGBKT7-VP6 and pGBKT7-VP38 demonstrated no self-activation in yeast; 7 host proteins were suggested to bind VP6 including beta-actin, augmin-like complex subunit 2, zinc finger FYVE domain containing 21, mannosidase alpha class 2B member 1, programmed cell death 6, eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma and an unknown protein; while, 4 host proteins were suggested to bind VP38 that included cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 5, high mobility group nucleosomal binding domain 2, glucose transporter X (glutX) gene, and proteasome subunit beta7. This study may pave the way for understanding functions of VP6 and VP38 proteins encoded by genotype Ⅲ reovirus of grass carp and present some information for the exploration of GCRV replication mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of Scygonadin from Portunus trituberculatus REN Hai-bo, LI Yan-bo, ZHANG Xiao-rong, JIN Xin-fei, TANG Ying-ying 2018, 35 (4):  21.  Abstract ( 296 )   PDF   Save Scygonadins are a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)ubiquitously found in crustaceans. In this study, a full-lenth cDNA of type Scygonadin had been cloned from the male gonad of Portunus trituberculatus by the RACE technology.The length of the Scygonadin is 549 bp and contains an ORF of 1372 bp encoding 123 amino acid, including a signal peptide with 29 amino acids,a 5′untranslatedregion of 56 bp and a 3′untranslated region of 121 bp.According to the search results of GenBank databases, the cDNA nucleotides and the deduced amino acid sequence of ORF share 77.4% and 68.3% identity with that of Scylla serrata. This will set the base for study of immune defense mechanism and gene function of Portunus trituberculatus Scygonadin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of Cytochrome b gene in Tupaia belangeri HOU Dong-min, WANG Zheng-kun, YANG Tao, ZHU Wan-long 2018, 35 (4):  25.  Abstract ( 297 )   PDF   Save Tupaia belangeri is a unique small mammal of the Oriental realm. In the present study, the genetic diversity base on Cyt b gene (1073 bp)of 11 geographical populations in Tupaia belangeri was analyzed. The ratio of A+T (55.8%)was higher than that of C+G (44.2%)in the 124 samples, and 262 variable sites and 66 haplotypes found. Phylogenetic tree was built based on Kimura two-parameter Neighbor-joining method, and 11 populatians were divided into 4 branches: Daxin population, Hainan population, Pianma and Tengchong population, and the other populations(Kunming, Xingyi, Dali, Mengla, Hekou, Xichang, Leye). AMOVA analysis showed that variations inter-populations and intra-populations were 75.12% and 24.88%, respectively. The variations mainly occurred among populations and the gene flow between populations was less than 1. All of the result indicated that Tupaia belangeri might have a certain population differentiation. The Tajima′s D and Mismatch distribution test results of neutral detection in Tupaia belangeri were negative, suggesting that Tupaia belangeri has not experienced population expansion in history. Related Articles | Metrics

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The investigation on extraction of fungal polysaccharide via high-pressure homogenization strategy GONG Jin-song, YUAN Feng, YUAN Bing-bing, CHEN Lu, LU Zhen-ming,WANG Ying-yan, ZHAO Fu-mei, XU Guo-hua, SHI Jin-song, XU Zheng-hong 2018, 35 (4):  29.  Abstract ( 550 )   PDF   Save  Fungal polysaccharides are a kind of important bioactive substances, which exhibit several positive effects on human. Extraction of fungal polysaccharide is the basis for further development of products. This study employed the high-pressure homogenization strategy for extraction of intracellular polysaccharide from Hericeum erinaceus, comparing with the conventional methods of hot water extraction and ultrasonic extraction. The experimental results showed that the polysaccharide yields by high-pressure homogenization reached 16.42%, which exhibited significant advantages over hot water extraction and ultrasonic extraction. The total sugar contents via the three methods were 57.11%, 58.45% and 60.23%, respectively; whereas the protein contents were 26.34%, 15.45% and 10.12%, respectively. The molecular weight of polysaccharides by high-pressure homogenization and ultrasonic extraction was relatively lower than that of hot water extraction. The FT-IR spectra analysis revealed that the peak shape and peak position of polysaccharides by various methods were in concordance with each other. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro reconstitution of LHCⅡ recombinant with chlorophyll-a and characterization of its photoelectric properties HOU Qi-qi, YU Qian, LI Quan, LI Rong-gui, QIN Song, GE Bao-sheng 2018, 35 (4):  34.  Abstract ( 243 )   PDF   Save The lhcⅡ gene from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The LHCⅡrecombinant was prepared using genetic engineering technology, and then reconstructed with chlorophyll a in vitro. The saturation curve of the complex of LHCⅡ/chlorophyll-a was obtained. The free chlorophyll a and the complexs of LHCⅡ/chlorophyll a (at same concentration) were fixed on the TiO2 electrode, and the photoelectric conversion properties of these two materials were compared. One recombinant LHCⅡ bound with 8 chlorophyll a molecules. Under the conditions of AM1.5, light intensity of 100 mW/cm2, shortcut circuit current of LHCⅡ/chlorophyll-a complex is 0.493 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage is 0.491 V, fill-factor is 0.679, and the efficiency is 0.165%. In comparison, shortcut circuit current of free chlorophyll a is 0.596 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage is 0.482 V, and fill-factor is 0.676, efficiency is 0.194%. The recombinant LHCⅡ protein obtained from E. coli BL21 was successfully combined with chlorophyll a in vitro with similar binding activity as its native proteins. The reconstituted pigment-protein complex fulfilled the light harvesting and electron transport functions in a dye-sensitized solar cell system, and showed promising photoelectric properties at lower concentrations. In this study, large-scale preparation of LHCⅡ, the binding activity of recombinant protein LHCⅡ with chlorophyll in vitro, and its application in photoelectric conversion has laid a foundation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of calcium in the stigma, style and pollen tubes of  Torenia fournieri during pollen germination and tube elongation CHEN Su-hong, ZOU Pu, LIAO Jing-ping 2018, 35 (4):  39.  Abstract ( 256 )   PDF   Save Potassium antimonite was used to locate loosely bound calcium in the stigma, style and pollen tubes of Torennia fournieri. During pollen germination and tube elongation, the pollen tube wall is densely labeled with calcium precipitates. Calcium precipitates accumulate in the pollen tube, increase in stylar tissue at first and decrease later. When pollen tubes enter into the ovary, there are numerous calcium granules in ovary locule and less in the pollen tube. Calcium gradient exists in in vivo pollen tube of Torenia fournieri and becomes evident along with growth of pollen tube. There is evident calcium gradient in the style of Torennia fournieri before pollination and abundant calcium in the area where pollen tube arrived. It is concluded that there are enough calcium in pollen of Torenia fournieri to supply pollen germination, calcium flows into pollen tube from stylar tissue continuously in order to supply the growth of pollen tube, a higher calcium environment is helpful to pollen tube into the micropyle when pollen tubes grow in ovary locule, the gradient distribution of calcium in the style tissues play a guiding role to the growth of pollen tubes.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of metabolic intermediates on chlorophyll fluorescence and total lipid content of Scendesmus obliquus XJ002 CHENG Jie, WU Di,QIAN Gai-gai, GONG Dong-hui,SU Yong-ning, CHEN Gao,JI Xiang 2018, 35 (4):  44.  Abstract ( 275 )   PDF   Save In order to study the effects of exogenous metabolic intermediates on photosynthetic efficiency and total lipid content in Scenedesmus obliquus XJ002, we added metabolic intermediates (citric acid and malic acid)to study biomass, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and lipid content of XJ002. The results showed that the addition of high concentrations of metabolic intermediates resulted in a significant decrease in biomass, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content. The high concentration treatments could damage the oxygen evolving complex at the donor side of reaction center of photosystem II, and inhibited electron transfer activity of receptor side of reaction center of photosystem II. The addition of intermediate metabolites resulted in a significant increase in the total lipid content of XJ002. When the concentration of citric acid and malic acid was 0.15 g/L, the total lipid content was 1.85 and 1.34 folds higher than the control group. The addition of high concentration of metabolic intermediates results in a significant increase in total lipid content in the cell of XJ002. Compared with malic acid, citric acid has the better effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combined effects of temperature and light intensity on the growth and physiological performances of Ulva prolifera MENG Xiao-zhi, SU Gui-sen, ZHUO Pin-li, WANG Chao,ZHANG Shuai, NI Jia-hao, XU Nian-jun, LI Ya-he 2018, 35 (4):  49.  Abstract ( 294 )   PDF   Save In order to study the combined effects of the light and temperature on the growth and physiological performance, the chosen Ulva prolifera grew under three temperature levels (20, 25 and 30℃) and two light conditions (70, 250 μmol/m2·s), then the parameters like the growth rate, Chl a content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, dark respiration and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate were determined. The results showed that the growth of U. prolifera was enhanced by higher light; there were no significant difference in the growth rates between 20 and 25℃ treatments, but the growth was significant inhibited at 30℃. The effective quantum yield (Fv′/Fm′) and the maximal relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax) were lowest under the 30℃ and 250 μmol/m2·s treatment. U. prolifera showed higher dark respiration rate (Rd) and net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate (Pn) at 25℃ under high light level with lowest value in Rd/Pn. In one word, the effects of higher temperature on U. prolifera were mediated by light levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the primary cell culture of embryonic cells from the Tenebrio molitor LU Wan-ru, XU Hong-wei, QIAO Zi-lin, LING Shi-xin,ZANG Rong-xin, Bi Naer Ju Makailede 2018, 35 (4):  53.  Abstract ( 294 )   PDF   Save We aimed to establish an applicable cultural method for embryonic cells of Tenebrio molitor and lay the foundation for culture of Tenebrio molitor and related research. After treated with mechanical dispersion and trypsin digestion, the optimal culture medium and fetal bovine serum(FBS) concentration were screened by comparing the growth status of the primary cells of the Tenebrio molitor embryonic cells cultured in Grace′s medium, IPL-41 and Schneider′s medium, respectively. The result showed that cellular morphology in Grace′s medium was better and grew rapidly compared with IPL-41 medium and Schneider′s medium. The optimal FBS concentration was 20% based on the comparison of the cell viability cultured in Grace′s medium with various concentrations of FBS with hatched 7 d eggs. Therefore, the primary cells of the Tenebrio molitor embryonic cells grow well in Grace′s medium with 20% FBS by mechanical dispersion and were passaged for the 5th generation period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological analysis of Ligia cinerascens on the Heishijiao Gulf in Dalian ZHAO Li, HUANG Zi-qian, SUN Jing-xian, ZHANG Peng 2018, 35 (4):  58.  Abstract ( 331 )   PDF   Save The female and male individuals of Ligia cinerascens with different body weight were collected for morphometric analysis. The present study aims to understand the difference of body size of female and male ones and morphological change with body growth. The results showed that the body weight, body length and body width between female and male is similar during the early stage of growth, but male significantly overwhelms female at the later stage. Body length-weight regression model reveals the positive correlation between body length and weight. Furthermore, the fact that the positive correlation is better in male than in female benefits the precise measurement of male weight by its body length. The second antennas of female and male are not different and its growth are in accord with the body length and width. The number of flagellar segments is 28 no matter with the gender and body weight. Moreover, the proportion of second antenna and its segments to body length is very stable. These parameters can be considered as important references for the taxonomy of Ligia cinerascens. At the early stage, the uropods of female and male are not different. The growth of male uropod is faster than that of female at the middle stage, however the difference of both is reduced again at the later stage. Briefly, the growth change of female uropod is more complicated than that of male. The proportion of exopod, endopod and protopd to body length is so stable to be considered as an important reference for the taxonomy of Ligia cinerascens. In comparison with the data from Japan, the present study indicates that the different populations independently dwelling in China and Japan exert the genetic differentiation due to long-time geographic isolation, where the difference is mainly reflected at the second antenna.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Prognosis-associated genes dig from TCGA of breast cancer Mian Khizar Hayat, WANG Ming-yu, LI Shuo-lei 2018, 35 (4):  62.  Abstract ( 771 )   PDF   Save Recently, the incidence of breast cancer increased year by year, and there is a trend that patients with breast cancer are more and more younger. This paper used the Cancer Genomes Atlas database to identify genes that associated with breast cancer prognosis. In order to exclude the difference between sampling time of cancer tissues and normal tissue, we selected 113 pair breast cancer tissues and its adjacent normal tissues simultaneously. We got their transcriptome data from TCGA(RNAseqV2，raw count), and these data were analyzed by DEseq, finally 1428 differentially expressed genes were screened out(padj<0.05 and ABS (log2foldchange) >1). Next we analyzed these differential expression genes by Gene Ontology, Disease Ontology, KEGG and Enrichment Analysis, and screened out 68 differential expression genes related to breast cancer. Finally, we analyzed the overall survival rates by comparing the genes expression data of cancer from 1097 patients, and we found 8 genes that associated with prognosis. PGLYRP2, SEMA3G, PROL1, SLC7A3 were highly expressied in breast cancer patients live with a good prognosis, while SKA1, BIRC5, RRM2, AURKA were highly expressied in patients live with a poor prognosis. The 8 genes above may be a group of genes related to breast cancer prognosis, which may give a novel direction to breast cancer treatment, and make a good prognosis through regulation of gene possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis dynamics of phytoplankton community characteristics in typical tributaries of the upper reaches of Huaihe River WU Qi-li， LIN Zhi， WANG Chen-chen， ZHANG Kun， WAN Yang， ZHOU Zhong-ze 2018, 35 (4):  67.  Abstract ( 211 )   PDF   Save Jieshou Bay National Wetland Park is an important wetland park of the north Huaihe. Water samplings were carried out every two month from October of 2015 to August of 2016 at the 8 sampling sites(The main river has 5 sampling sites, and the ancient river has 3 sampling sites)．The results showed that a total of 172 species of phytoplankton were identified, which belonged to 8 phyla and 69 genera. Chlorophyta was the dominant group, followed by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta. The analysis of biodiversity index indicated that the complex and stability of phytoplankton community in main river was higher than ancient river. The water quality of main river was of slightly polluted, but slightly or moderately polluted in the ancient river, at the same time. The study suggested that the biological diversity of phytoplankton in Huaihe River is higher than that in its tributaries. The mainstream of Huaihe River belongs to eutrophic water body, and its tributaries belong to oligotrophic water body. The effects of climate on the species diversity of phytoplankton was reduction trend from the subtropical monsoon climate to the north warm temperate semi-humid monsoon climate and to the marine (semi-humid) temperate monsoon climate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of ecological environment in ecological area of Anhui Province QIAN Zhen-bing， DAI Xiao-feng， CHEN Chao， XU Sheng 2018, 35 (4):  72.  Abstract ( 291 )   PDF   Save In this paper, five ecological areas of Anhui Province were selected to evaluate the ecological environment in 2011 and 2015 in all counties of Anhui Province based on relevant technical specifications of environmental protection departments. According to the situation of the five ecological areas, the paired sample t test was adopted to analyze the difference of each ecological area, so as to evaluate the changes of the ecological environment in each ecological area. Through the statistical analysis of the second-level index of each ecological area, the reasons for environment changing were obtained. The result could provide decision for environmental management. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the bispecific single chain antibody of BiTE ZHOU Chong, YU Feng, HAN Bang-xing, ZHOU Yang, LIU Li-qiong, SHI Hai-feng 2018, 35 (4):  76.  Abstract ( 1282 )   PDF   Save Cancer is the severest disease threatening human health. BiTE (bispecific T cell engager)represents a subclass of bispecific antibodies which have significant anti-tumor effects, activating the T cells of patients to kill cancer cells. It consists of two single chain variable fragments (scFvs)connected in tandem by a soft fusion linker. One of the scFv recognizes CD3ε on the surface of T cell, the other one recognizes tumor surface antigen. This structure and the specificity allow BiTE physically bridging T cell and tumor cell to form a T cell-BiTE-tumor cell complex, inducing formation of synapse, stimulating activation of T cell and production of tumor killing cytokines. In recent years, there has been a big progress in the BiTE anti-tumor research and promising effects in clinical studies. Therefore, in this paper, we review the biostructure, anti-tumor mechanism, clinical application and innovative usage of BiTE. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in structure, activation and tumor-targeted drugs of integrin αvβ3 DAI Ming-quan, JIN Hai-xiao, YAN Xiao-jun 2018, 35 (4):  81.  Abstract ( 857 )   PDF   Save Integrin αvβ3 plays an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis, which is a target for cancer treatment. Integrin αvβ3 contains a variety of domains and its activation is very complicated. Among all the domains, β-propeller domain, βI domain and thigh domain are closely related to the activation of integrin αvβ3. In addition, varies of tumor-targeted drugs of integrin αvβ3 have been developed, including tumor imaging agents, agents for targeted therapeutic delivery and antitumor agents. This paper reviewed the relation between cancer and αvβ3, structure and activation of αvβ3, and tumor-targeted drugs of αvβ3, which provides theoretical basis for the future study of integrin αvβ3 and drug research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome CHEN Shu-zhen 2018, 35 (4):  86.  Abstract ( 312 )   PDF   Save Inflammasomes are muti-protein complexes that promote the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis and inflammation. Among the known inflammasomes, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3)-dependent inflammasome has been the most extensively studied, which responds to numerous pathogens and damage-associated signals, and is involved in a series of diseases. Precise regulation is required for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The moderate activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to eliminate pathogens or hazardous substances, while excessive activation may lead to chronic inflammation. Many molecular mechanisms have been identified to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to maintain the homeostasis of inflammatory response. Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview about cysteine-riched protein plac8 OUYANG Cong, SUN Ning-yuan, XUE Lu 2018, 35 (4):  90.  Abstract ( 766 )   PDF   Save Placenta special gene 8 (plac8)which also named onzin, is a cysteine-riched protein with distinctive structure and special tissue expression pattern. Plac8 was extensively expressed in eukaryotes, and it regulated a series of physiological process, including proliferation, division, differentiation, and apoptosis, etc. Meanwhile, plac8 plays a critical role in immune response and tumor genesis via different signal pathways. In this study, we overviewed the structure, expression pattern, function and potential molecular mechanism of plac8. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of meiotic synaptonemal complex in plants FAN Zhu-xuan, SONG Ying, CAO Gang-qiang, WEI Fang 2018, 35 (4):  94.  Abstract ( 547 )   PDF   Save For all sexually propagating eukaryotes, meiosis is a specialized type of cell division responsible for accurate segregation of genetic information into gametes. Synapsis is an important part in meiosis and coordinate the paring and recombination of homologous chromosome. Synaptonemal complex is conversed meiosis-specific ultrastruture which is might be involved in the normal progress of meiosis. In this review, we summaried the genes identification in synapsis and the component of synaptonemal complex for future study in plants. Related Articles | Metrics

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The X-ray small angle scattering analysis of the CR4/5 domain of human telomerase RNA YANG Zhuo-ru, ZHANG Min-min, CAI Ru-jie, ZHANG Han-xiao,GUAN Jun-hao, Altaf Ahmed Simair, LU Chang-rui 2018, 35 (4):  97.  Abstract ( 383 )   PDF   Save Telomerase is a specialized reverse transcriptase which is responsible for maintaining integrity of telomere at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes. The current study about molecular assembly mechanism of human telomerase holoenzyme and its relationship between structure and function are seldom involved. The structural research of human telomerase RNA (hTR) is so far limited to its secondary structure. In this study, hTR CR4/5 domain was produced by in vitro transcription and purification, and its assembly information as well as conformation in solution was analyzed using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technology. The results could be valuable information for research of hTR CR4/5 domain and hTR three-dimensional structure, and promote cognition of the function that hTR in the process of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of genome size of Halocnemum strobilaceum WANG Xia, CHEN Hui-ze, LI Yong-feng, HAN Rong, CHEN Hui 2018, 35 (4):  100.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF   Save This study aims to determine the genome size of Halocnemum strobilaceum, a halophyte plant by flow cytometry method. The assimilating branches of Halocnemum strobilaceum were used as materials to extract nuclei using a modified Otto two-step method, and nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. Meanwhile, the Beta vulgaris which the genome size was known was selected as an internal reference plant. Based on the observation both of cell size, we made sure the same plant weight and sample loading. Then, these samples were detected by flow cytometry and their DNA contents were calculated as the ratio of mean flurescence of the G0/G1 peak between Halocnemum strobilaceum and Beta vulgaris. The results showed that the determined genome size of Halocnemum strobilaceum was 663.25 Mbp, or 0.678 pg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and purification of monoclonal antibody against human TDP-43#br# WU Shao-chang, LIU Yi, SHEN Zi-hao 2018, 35 (4):  103.  Abstract ( 272 )   PDF   Save In order to establish a detection method and purification technology of human TDP-43 for the development of relevant test kits, BALB/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant human TDP-43, hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against human TDP-43 were obtained by hybridoma technique. The McAbs were purified using affinity chromatography on immobilized protein A and identified by their subtype and titers via ELISA. The results showed that two monoclonal antibodies of 1C5 and 2A5 belonging to IgG1 were successfully prepared with the titer of 1∶ 256 000 and 1∶ 512 000. Related Articles | Metrics

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The teaching practice of botany morphological structure knowledge under the Flipped Classroom mode LUO Le， XU Xin， JI Yong， JIN Yin-gen 2018, 35 (4):  106.  Abstract ( 235 )   PDF   Save Botany is the core course of life science major in colleges and universities, it has a critical influence on the students′ follow-up courses and the training of students′ abilities. Applying Flipped Classroom to botany teaching, combining with advanced network and media technology, through preparation, grouping and selecting topics, discussion and division, experiment and exploration, reporting and communication, exhibition and interaction, evaluation and reflection, the flipped classroom improve the students′ ability of inquiry learning, cooperation, communication and the independent thinking ability. The flipped classroom put forwards the requirements of the teachers′ comprehensive quality, construction of experimental platform, quality of the experimental administrator, the implementation of laboratory management system and so on.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the experiment teaching of fish dissection with the combination of confirmatory and exploratory method YANG Feng-ping, LI Shi-ping, YIN Bao-fa, WANG Ai-qin 2018, 35 (4):  109.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF   Save An experiment teaching case on fish dissection was designed. During the teaching, themes were set, the combination of confirmatory and exploratory method was used, which aimed to enable students to study the knowledge again and to explore the similarities and differences among different fishes independently further. Then their enthusiasm of learning would be aroused， their abilities on experiment operation, data acquisition and analysis, language, communication and coordination would be cultivated, and so on. The result showed that a good teaching effect has been obtained in this teaching case with the use of the two experiment methods together. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and practice of the production practice of students majoring in bioengineering (pharmaceutical) DONG Zhao-di, ZHAO Chun-chao, YAO Feng-hua, PAN Zhi-ming, HUANG Jin-lin 2018, 35 (4):  112.  Abstract ( 248 )   PDF   Save  As an effective teaching method that bridges the theory and application, production practice is a key practical part in the training program of engineering majors in colleges and universities. In this paper, given the current situation of the production practice in Bio-engineering of Yangzhou University, we reason the necessity and the difficulties of the production practice in Bio-engineering (Pharmaceutical) and discuss the construction of a training model and the management during the training program. We anticipate these results would promote the practical activities in the education of Bio-engineering and related majors. Related Articles | Metrics

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"Blind people feel an elephant" and biological science research GENG Shi-zhong, JIANG Yue-xing, ZHANG Shun-chang, PAN Zhi-ming 2018, 35 (4):  116.  Abstract ( 352 )   PDF   Save "Blind people feel an elephant" shows that blind people only touch some part of it and conclude what the elephant is like. Scientific research is that scientist will find the law of science, but before the truth is revealed, scientists are the "blind people" of the science, just as the blind does not know the elephants. Due to the diversity and complexity of biology, scientists should do just like "blind people feel elephants", explore from the perspectives, and use scientific methods to conduct scientific research and synthesize based on "inheritance" and "inheritance" so as to obtain of the law of science like that the blind knows the true appearance of "elephants". Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of teaching methods of enzyme engineering ZHOU Xiang-yan， ZHANG Ning， WANG Cui-ling， WANG Wang-tian， WU Bing， SI Huai-jun 2018, 35 (4):  119.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF   Save Enzyme engineering is one of higher theoretical and practical subject. In order to meet the fast development of the enzyme preparation industry and culturing high qualified technical staffs with innovating capacities, it is very important to improve teaching methods of the enzyme engineering. In this paper, the key issues of improving teaching qualities and effects of the enzyme engineering were mainly discussed, so as to advance the teaching quality and effect of enzyme engineering courses and compound abilities of students. The teaching methods of enzyme engineering course were also explored and summarized, which would provide a useful reference for making the teaching system of the course system more reasonable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Misunderstanding in course learning of biochemistry （Ⅱ） YAN Rong-ling， LI Chang-jian， LIAO Yang 2018, 35 (4):  122.  Abstract ( 269 )   PDF   Save Biochemistry is a basic course for biology related majors. It is necessary to find and correct the misunderstanding in students′ learning process for improving the teaching effect and strengthening the students′ basic knowledge. Based on years of classroom teaching experience, some students′ common misunderstandings about the protein, nucleic acid, mitochondrion and enzyme in course learning of biochemistry were listed and explained in the present paper in order to improve the exchange among colleagues and help students to obtain a better study result. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement and practice of bioinformatics teaching system of applied majors SHI Xiao-wei,ZHANG Jing,WANG Lin-song 2018, 35 (4):  124.  Abstract ( 244 )   PDF   Save Bioinformatics is an applied multidisciplinary cross discipline and an important course in independent college which is to cultivate applicable technical talents. In order to promote the teaching reform of bioinformatics in independent college, the improvements and practices of teaching system are discussed in this paper from the aspects of textbook selection, teaching arrangements and methods, "let one unit guide a whole area and with the dot seton", "flow chart to guide practice exercise in the class and after class", "emphasis on the teaching and learning of English" and so on, based on the writer′s teaching experiences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of practice teaching of gardening speciality to improve students′ ability of innovation and entrepreneurship LI Gui-ping, BA Qing-song, ZHANG Hui-jun, ZHANG Hai-jun 2018, 35 (4):  127.  Abstract ( 248 )   PDF   Save It is an important task for college students to improve their ability of innovation and entrepreneurship. And it is an important way to improve the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of students to carry out the reform of practice teaching. This paper presents the exploration and practice in the practicing teaching of gardening speciality from aspects of the improvement of personnel training plan, enhancing teachers team construction, establish multi-level opening laboratory mode, strengthening the construction of practice base at and outside of the school, encouraging students to actively participate in scientific research and participate in various competitions in Huaibei Normal University. Related Articles | Metrics