Abstract: Inflammasomes are muti-protein complexes that promote the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β)and IL-18, leading to pyroptosis and inflammation. Among the known inflammasomes, the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3)-dependent inflammasome has been the most extensively studied, which responds to numerous pathogens and damage-associated signals, and is involved in a series of diseases. Precise regulation is required for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The moderate activation of NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to eliminate pathogens or hazardous substances, while excessive activation may lead to chronic inflammation. Many molecular mechanisms have been identified to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to maintain the homeostasis of inflammatory response.

Key words: NLRP3 inflammasome, negative regulation, molecular mechanism