Table of Content

18 February 2019, Volume 36 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018: the directed evolution of enzymes and the phage display technologies QU Ge, ZHANG Kun, JIANG Ying-ying, SUN Zhou-tong 2019, 36 (1):  1.  Abstract ( 1163 )   PDF   Save The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 was awarded to Frances H. Arnold for "the directed evolution of enzymes", and to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter for "the phage display of peptides and antibodies". The two distinct technologies utilize gene-controlled protein biosynthesis and achieve practical applications by screening, and the phage display can also be applied as the high-throughput screening platform in combination with directed evolution. The two technologies are integrating multiple fields spanning organic chemistry, molecular biology as well as protein sciences, and are widely used in laboratories all over the world. In this review, we summarize the progress, advances and applications of the directed evolution and the phage display technologies. Related Articles | Metrics

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The game of "catch me if you can" in cancer immunology ——Brief discussion on the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine of 2018 LI Xiang 2019, 36 (1):  7.  Abstract ( 353 )   PDF   Save The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine of 2018 were awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. James P. Allison discovered CTLA-4 can function as a brake on the immune system, while Tasuku Honjo discovered PD-1 can also operate as a brake on the immune system with a different mechanism. Nowadays, cancer immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has made great progression. This review will go through the discovery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and their molecular mechanism as well as the available inhibitors for PD-1 and PD-L1. It will emphasize the significance of immune therapy in cancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of active transglutaminase in Yarrowia lipolytica REN Rui-rui, LIU Song, LI Jiang-hua, DU Guo-cheng, CHEN Jian 2019, 36 (1):  15.  Abstract ( 337 )   PDF   Save Transglutaminase (EC2.3.2.13, TGase) is an important food enzyme. Since the N-terminal pro-region of TGase has great effect on its folding, TGase is often expressed as its non-active form (pro-TGase) in heterologous hosts. In this study, Streptomyces mobaraensis pro-TGase was used as the gene source and Yarrowia lipolytica po1h was selected as host. By inserting the Kex2 protease recognition site in pro-TGase (strategy 1) and co-expressing pro-TGase and transglutaminase activating metalloprotease (TAMEP) (strategy 2), pro-TGase was expressed in Y. lipolytica at first, then the pro-region of pro-TGase was excised and the mature TGase was achieved. The results of shake flask fermentation showed that the TGase activities of recombinant strains constructed by strategy 1 and strategy 2 were 5.26 U / mL and 6.77 U / mL, respectively. Moreover, the enzymatic properties were further studied. The results showed that the specific activities, Km and kcat/Km of the recombinant TGase obtained by strategy 1 and strategy 2 were significantly higher than those of S. mobaraensis TGase. Based on the food safety of Y. lipolytica, the results provide two new high-yield strains for the industrial production of TGase. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on spidroin PySp using electrospinning as fiber membrane SHEN Qing-chun,MI Jun-peng,TIAN Lu-yang,MO Xiu-mei,MENG Qing 2019, 36 (1):  16.  Abstract ( 314 )   PDF   Save Recombinant spider silk, as a kind of biological material with good performance, owns a great biocompatibility, meanwhile, there is great potential application value in the field of biomedical. Spider silk has potential application value in blood vessels, nerve conduit and drug carriers, but still lacks research in the tissue engineering. In this study, spidroin PySp was expressed in E.coli as the material. By investigating the electrospinning conditions, fiber membrane was obtained at a suitable spinning voltage and other conditions. SEM displayed that fiber membrane is uniform. The ATR-FTIR graph showed that the secondary structure of the electrospun fibers cross-linked by 75% ethanol is mainly β-folded. The contact angle revealed that the fiber membranes are hydrophilic. This study has provided a type of good fiber material for the application of spider silk protein in tissue engineering and laid a foundation for the further application of spider silk. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nanostructure and fracture behavior of aragonite tablet in nacre WANG Sheng-nan, ZHU Xin-qiao 2019, 36 (1):  20.  Abstract ( 287 )   PDF   Save As a natural armor, nacre evolved excellent mechanical properties. It has long been thought that the superior toughness of nacre derives from its brick-and-mortar structure, while its basic component-individual aragonite tablet, has not assume vital mechanical functions. However, recent investigations discovered that individual aragonite tablet exhibits characteristics of toughness, which may correlate with its nanostructure inside. Therefore, investigating the tablet′s nanostructure and unrevealing its structure-function relationships can shed additional light on the design and fabrication of high-performance artificial composites. In the present study, nanostructure and fracture behavior of individual aragonite tablet were investigated by using TEM techniques. Results showed that though diffracting as a single crystal, the tablet contains enormous intracrystalline organics inside. TEM observation of damaged tablets suggested that intracrystalline organics regulate the fracture mode of the tablet to a large extent. By synergistic effect of crack deflection, crack blunting and intracrystalline-organic deformation, the energy dissipation efficiency of individual aragonite tablet are remarkably promoted. Related Articles | Metrics

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Species identification and phylogenetic position of Acrossocheilus fasciatus from Annan in Jiangxi Province based on mitochondrial COII and D-loop region sequences XUE Yan-jie, PAN Na, LI Ming-yun 2019, 36 (1):  25.  Abstract ( 303 )   PDF   Save Using Acrossocheilus fasciatus from Annnan in Jiangxi province, China, as experimental materials, we analyzed the variability of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase unit Ⅱ (COⅡ) gene and D-loop region, and discussed the phylogenetic positon and species identification of two kinds of A. fasciatus. The results showed that the COⅡ gene was 691 bp in length, and the D-loop gene was 931-944 bp in length. Regardless of COII, or D-loop, the content of bases A+T was higher than that of bases G+C. Only 6 base sites were transformed in COⅡ sequence, while several base sites in D-loop sequence were transformed, transversed, and insertions/deletions. The genetic distances within the population were 0.0075 and 0.0050, respectively. The COⅡ and D-loop phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method showed the closest relationship between JXAnnan and Arossocheilus hemispinus. The sequence similarities were 98.70% and 98.69%, respectively. The genetic distances were 0.0130 and 0.0260, respectively, indicating that the genetic distance did not reach the level of interspecific divergence (0.05). The results demonstrated that JXAnnan is a geographical group of A. hemispinus. The results of this study can provide information for taxonomic study of Acrossocheilus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression analysis of caspase-3 gene in Daphnia pulex under different environmental conditions WU Le-le, YE Gong-zhao, TONG Qiao-qiong, WANG Dan-li 2019, 36 (1):  29.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF   Save Using Daphnia pulex as the researching object, qPCR was used to analyze the changes of expression level of caspase-3 mRNA in different culture temperatures, population densities and food types; then the enzyme activities of Caspase-3 under three different culture conditions were measured using the specific substrate Ac-DEVD-AMC; in situ hybridization was used to detect the localizations and changes of caspase-3 mRNA in different reproductive states of D. pulex. The main results were as follows: expression levels of caspase-3 mRNA were up-regulated with the increase of temperature and population density, but there was no obvious changes of caspase-3 mRNA expression in the food type group. In addition, qPCR results were in good agreement with the result of enzyme activity assays. Whole-mount in situ hybridization showed that caspase-3 was expressed in living cells of D. pulex at different growth stages and was highly expressed in adult individuals, which was essentially consistent with the result of qPCR. The expression of caspase-3 gene was relevant to changes of environmental factors, while aging of D. pulex was related to the expression of caspase-3 mRNA and the enzyme activity of Caspase-3. Thus, further research is needed to explore how environmental factors affecting the expression of caspase-3 mRNA, which subsequently regulates cyclical parthenogenesis in Daphnia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Community structure of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors during spring and summer in Lake Nanyi PENG Shui-xiu, ZHANG Kun, DENG Dao-gui, HE Ping, LI Xiao-ming, GUO Hong-hui 2019, 36 (1):  35.  Abstract ( 260 )   PDF   Save Phytoplankton community structure of Lake Nanyi in Anhui province was studied from March to August, 2015. The results showed that one hundred and twenty species belonging to seven phyla and sixty genera were identified in Lake Nanyi, among which Chlorophyta (69 species) ranked the first, followed by Bacillariophyta (16 species), Cyanobacteria (14 species) and Euglenophyte (13 species). The total density and total biomass (Mean±standard deviation) of phytoplankton in Lake Nanyi were (90.53±58.48)×105cells/L and (4.21±2.48) mg/L, respectively. Phytoplankton density in Lake Nanyi showed an increasing trend during the study period, whereas the pattern of phytoplankton biomass was decreased firsly and then increase. In spring, the phytoplankton biomass was dominated by Phacus and Cyclotella, whereas it was replaced by Euglena, Pediastrum and Microcystis in summer. In Lake Nanyi, the rapid changes of water temperature and nutrients may be the important reasons for the seasonal variation of phytoplankton community structure in spring and summer.Lake Nanyi; phytoplankton; community structure; environmental factors Related Articles | Metrics

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Purification effects of wetland aquatic plants on eutrophic water CAO Kai-yin, DING Hai-tao, DENG Chao, LU Wen,CHEN Jun, JIN Jie 2019, 36 (1):  39.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF   Save Experiments are designed to study the purification effects on eutrophic water bodies by using wetland aquatic plants. Eight wetland plant species（Thalia dealbata Fraser, Canna indica L., Iris tectorum Maxim., Hydrilla verticillata, Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC, Monochoriapauciflora（Bl.）Kunth., Marsilea quadrifolia L., Myriophyllum verticillatum L.）were screened in Chaohu Tongyang wetland to compare the purification efficiency of wetland plant species on eutrophic water bodies. The results showed that the highest removal rate of CODCr was Thalia dealbata Fraser, the rate of removal reaches 81.33 percent in 30 d. Thalia dealbata Fraser, Canna indica L. and Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC were better plants for NH3-N and TP removal. The rates of removal were 75.54%, 84.66%, 76.22% and 73.61%, 77.33%, 82.67% respectively. The removal rates of purging eutrophic water were above 50% for TP on eight plants.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of lead stress on growth, physiology, and lead ion accumulation and transportation in Wisteria seedling ZHOU Min,YUAN Ju-hong, CHEN Xiao-jiao, JIANG Zao-fa 2019, 36 (1):  43.  Abstract ( 238 )   PDF   Save The effects of Pb treatments（0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1000 mg/kg）on the growth, physiological and biochemical response and Pb accumulation of Wisteria sinensis were studied by pot culture. The results showed that Pb <800 mg/kg had no significant effect on the growth and photosynthesis of W. sinensis (P＞0.05), and only 1000 mg/kg Pb had lower dry weight than CK, and its Chlb content was significantly lower than CK(P＜0.05); with the increase of Pb concentration, the activities of POD and CAT increased firstly and then decreased, and the activity of SOD in the shoots increased gradually. The activity of CAT in the underground was lower than that of CK in the treatment of 1000 mg/kg Pb, but the activities of antioxidant enzymes were higher than that of CK；AsA content in the aboveground part was of the upward trend. The underground part shoed the of trend the first rise and then down, and the contents of GSH in the aboveground treatments were significantly lower than that of CK, while the change of underground part was not obvious; MDA content in the underground part increased significantly by 36.06% only 1000 mg/kgPb treatment, meaning that W. sinensis can relieve the toxic action caused by Pb stress via induction and synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and related substances in vivo. The Pb content in the aboveground part under 800 mg/kg Pb was highest and reached to 57.38 mg/kg, and the highest Pb content in the underground part was obtained under 1000 mg/kg Pb treatment, of 1131.42 mg/kg. The values of translocation factor gradually decreased as the increasing of Pb concentration. The comprehensive analysis result indicated that W. sinensis possesses a certain resistance to Pb, Pb enrichment capability and the potential ability to repair contaminated soil by lead. Related Articles | Metrics

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Two newly recorded invasive alien plants in Hefei city LU You-xue, ZHANG Hang, LI Ji-yong, HUANG Jia-min, DONG Bin,FANG Ming, WANG Yun, DING Ning, YIN Hua-bao 2019, 36 (1):  48.  Abstract ( 302 )   PDF   Save Two invasive alien plants in Hefei are recorded, including Oenothera laciniata Hill and Triodanis perfoliata subsp. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Lammers. The two plants originated from American and have not formed invasive situation in Hefei. Morphological descriptions and photos of two plants were provided and the specimens were preserved in School of Life Sciences, Anhui University. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the kin recognition of Tupaia belangeri based on behavior and odor  HOU Dong-min, WANG Zheng-kun, ZHU Wan-long 2019, 36 (1):  50.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF   Save The identification and classification of behavior is one of the premises and important contents of animal ecological researches. The most important condition for animal social behavior is identification of odor signals. Kinship is the process which individuals produce clues for identification. Kin recognition of Tupaia belangeri based on behavior and odor was measured in the present study. The results showed that circadian rhythm was observed in activating, resting, feeding and grooming behavior between kin and non-kin in Tupaia belangeri, which had bimodal type in activating, resting, and grooming behavior. It showed bimodal type in feeding behavior of kin Tupaia belangeri, but unimodal type in the non-kin T. belangeri. The selection of the urine, individual and cassette odors in T. belangeri was found significantly to their relatives compared with non-kin T. belangeri. All of the results showed that there had significant differences in the behavior patterns between kin and non-kin T. belangeri. Moreover, odor factors may have an impact in the kin recognition of tree shrews, such as urine and others. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tolerance distance of common birds to human disturbances in urban areas#br# BAO Ming-xia, YANG Sen, YANG Yang, ZHOU Sheng, LI Chun-lin 2019, 36 (1):  55.  Abstract ( 749 )   PDF   Save Investigating tolerance distance of common birds to human disturbances in urban areas can help to understand how they behaviorally adapt to the increasing urbanization that has significant impacts on wildlife. From March to May 2017, we measured alert distance, flush distance, buffer distance and safety distance of common birds in three sites with different degrees of urbanization in Hefei, China. Human disturbances and other environmental variables were also quantified. General linear model was used to test effects of environmental factors on tolerance distances of six species with large sample size. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test correlations among the four distances of each species. Results indicated that tolerance distances varied among species; oriental turtle dove has the longest tolerance distances, followed by spotted dove, common magpie, common blackbird, azure-winged magpie and Eurasian tree sparrow. Tolerance distances were negatively associated with human disturbances. Alerting distance and flush distance were longer in larger groups. Alerting distance, flush distance and safety distance were shorter when birds were closer to refuges. Birds on the ground appeared to be less tolerant than those in brush or trees. There were positive correlations among the four measured tolerance distances. This study showed that urban birds can modify their tolerance distances to intensive human disturbance in cities. According to our findings, we made suggestions on the management and conservation of common birds in the context of urbanization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Collective movement and characteristics of followers in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana LI Bo-wen, WANG Xi, WU Wei, LI Jin-hua 2019, 36 (1):  60.  Abstract ( 260 )   PDF   Save Social animals keep uniform actions about direction of motion and departure time during collective movement by leader-follower model, and the model has been chosen in the evolution process. Most of recent studies focus on leadership and its influence on collective movements, but less of them explore the follower aspects. To probe into the relationship between followers and collective movements, we conducted a study on the joining process in a group of free-ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Huangshan, China, using all occurrences recording, focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling. Results showed that follower′s number and age had no effect on collective movement, but centrality coefficient, social rank and the coefficient of relatedness had positive correlations with collective movements. Our study might provide a new perspective on how to achieve group cohesion in social animals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of  Periplaneta fuliginosa in parts of China XU Yong-yuan, LI Rong, CHEN Yan-yan, CHEN Shan-yuan, XIAO Heng 2019, 36 (1):  65.  Abstract ( 275 )   PDF   Save To investigate genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure of Periplaneta fuliginosa in some parts of China, this study applied PCR amplification and sequencing methods to determine a 658 bp fragment of partial COI gene sequences of 88 P. fuliginosa samples from 9 geographic populations. The genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, gene flow and phylogeographic structure were analyzed. The results showed that 11 variable sites and 7 haplotypes (Hap1-Hap7) were detected among all COI sequences of 9 P. fuliginosa geographic populations. Among 7 haplotypes, the haplotype Hap3 was shared by all the 9 populations. The total haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of all populations were 0.327 and 0.0017, respectively. The neutrality test Tajima′s D was -1.2743, indicating no sign of population expansion in recent history. The total Gst was 0.1060. The Nm was 4.22, showing evidence for extensive gene flow among populations. The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses showed that haplotypes from different geographical regions did not cluster together and separate each region from other regions. The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) demonstrated that genetic differentiation mainly occurred within populations, and there was no significant genetic differentiation among populations. Furthermore, a Mantel test detected no obvious correlation (R=0.0038，P=0.5670) between genetic distance and geographic distance among P. fuliginosa populations. The results indicated that genetic diversity of P. fuliginosa was relatively low and there was no phylogeographic structuring among P. fuliginosa populations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of adenosine triphosphate on electrophysiological activity of isolated muscle spindle in soleus muscle of hind limb immobilization rats YU Lei, ZHAO Xue-hong, FAN Xiao-li, LI Xue-ping 2019, 36 (1):  70.  Abstract ( 312 )   PDF   Save The changes of spontaneous discharges and the evoked discharges induced by succinylcholine chloride of isolated muscle spindle of soleus muscle in rats which were hindlimb immobilization for one week were observed in the experiment, while the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on the afferent discharges of hindlimb immobilization rats were observed. The electrophysiological activities of isolated muscle spindle in vitro were recorded by the air isolation method. And the effects of different concentrations of 1， 2 and 3 mg/kg Na2ATP on muscle spindles′ afferent activities were also observed. The results showed that the spontaneous discharges from single muscle spindle of soleus muscle in rats which were hindlimb immobilization for 7d ays decreased spontaneously than normal(P<0.05), while the evoked discharges induced by Sch were not significantly increased. Given 1 mg/kg of Na2ATP, both the spontaneous and evoked discharges showed no significant change. Given 2 and 3 mg/kg of Na2ATP, the spontaneous discharge increased significantly (P<0.05), and the evoked discharges increased significantly after given 3 mg/kg Na2ATP(P<0.05). The results suggested that Na2ATP could increase spontaneously and evoke discharges caused by Sch of isolated muscle spindle in hindlimb immobilization rats, which may produce the effect of fighting muscle atrophy. This study provides significant data for the study of muscle spindle physiology and the experimental study of weightlessness induced muscular atrophy in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of IFNLR1 WANG Wei-qian, GAO Xue, YUAN Yong-yi, XU Jin-cao 2019, 36 (1):  74.  Abstract ( 489 )   PDF   Save IFNLR1 encoded protein belongs to the type Ⅱ cytokine receptor family. IFNλ identifies and combines with the dimer receptor complex formed by IFNLR1 chain and IL-10RB chain, and then activates the classic Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Molecular structure of IFNLR1 was studied and the three-dimensional structure was depicted. The expression pattern of IFNLR1 is of tissue specificity, while type Ⅰ interferon receptors are ubiquitously expressed. Research on gene function of IFNLR1 is mainly based on house mouse model. So far, it is known that IFNLR1 is involved in biological activities, including anti-virus, anti-tumor and immunomodulation. The related research is still further explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of diatom nanomaterials LIU Xiao-dan, REN Qing-min, WANG Yin-chu, QIN Song 2019, 36 (1):  79.  Abstract ( 431 )   PDF   Save tDiatoms are ideal for nanotechnology with their unique and versatile silica porous shell. This paper summarized the recent research progress of diatom nanomaterials, mainly on the application of diatom nanomaterials for the manufacture of environmentally friendly fuel devices, solar cell electrodes, biosensors, synthetic metal nanoparticles, and preparation of drug transport carriers. Scientists are also deepening their understanding of the molecular mechanisms of diatom biomineralization, and it is expected that genetic engineering will bring a wider applications for diatom nanomaterials. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on biosurfactants from petroleum degrading-bacteria#br# LI Guo-li, KANG Xiao-hu, ZHAI Li-xiang, LENG Yan, LIU Meng-yuan, LI Shi-weng 2019, 36 (1):  83.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF   Save Biosurfactant originated from petroleum degrading-bacteria is indispensable for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in microbes. The emulsification of biosurfactants can promote the decomposition of petroleum, therefore, searching noval petroleum degrading-microbes is necessary and significant to copy with oil contamination. This paper reviews the petroleum degrading-bacteria that can secrete some kinds of biosurfactants by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas, the types of biosurfactants and applications; there are lipopeptide and glucolipid biosurfactants that are studied well at present, most strains can produce mixed biosurfactants. which can be used to degrade different hydrocarbons in petroleum; and the mechanisms of biosurfactants under the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by microbes, biosurfactants can reduce the surface tension of petroleum, change the membrane structure of microorganism, promote the contact between microorganism and petroleum, and improve the utilization of petroleum by microorganism, to provides the idea for further research on biosurfactants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on insect sexual conflict behaviors TANG Rong, DONG Zi-shu, ZHANG Yu-jing, ZHENG Xia-lin, LU Wen 2019, 36 (1):  87.  Abstract ( 340 )   PDF   Save Since Darwin proposed the theory of sexual selection in 1871，there have been many studies on sexual selection. However，the theory of sexual conflict based on their behavior in insects was proposed by some researchers in recent decades. Theory of sexual conflict focuses on the co-evolution between the efforts of males to obtain reproductive benefits from females and the resistance of females to prevent male injuries. At present，the insect sexual conflict has become a hot topic in biological and evolutionary fields. The core of the insect conflict theory is the antagonism between both sexes of insects, and corresponding the co-evolution and evoluting the reproductive strategies.The insect sexual conflict can be divided into two parts: the pre-copulatory conflict, the partial performance of the female forms the evolution of physical charateristics on dealing with the situation, which male forces them sexeual and some by running, swinging, faking death and other acts of refusal; post-copulatory, mainly through sperm competition, cryptic female choice and other strategic performance.In this paper, the results of insect conflict theory and research in recent years are summarized respectively, which would lay the foundation for the study of insect co-evolution in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effects of heat stress on anther development and signal transduction networks ZHANG Zai-bao, HU Meng-hui, WEN Jie, FENG Xiao-bing,ZHANG Chi1, RAO Ben-qiang 2019, 36 (1):  92.  Abstract ( 317 )   PDF   Save Temperature rise is a serious environmental problem and has seriously affected the global grain production and safety. Relative to vegetative organs such as leaves, the development of stamens and pistils is more sensitive to environmental stress. High temperature affects the normal development of anther, which can lead to male sterile in severe cases. Heat stress affected many biological processes in anther development, including meiosis, tapetum function, microsporogenesis and anther dehiscence. Meanwhile, heat stress also distrubed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, hormone metabolism, heat shock protein regulation and other signaling networks. In this paper, we summarized the effects of heat stress on anther development in higher plants, indicated the molecular mechanisms of antherresponse to heat stress, and analyzed the signal transduction network to try to understand more intuitively the effects of heat stress on male reproduction， so as to provide a broader theoretical guidance and support for breeding high temperature crop varieties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of bird′s nest oligopeptides and its bioactivity determination GAO Jian-ping, YAO Zhi-long, ZHANG Gui-feng 2019, 36 (1):  96.  Abstract ( 406 )   PDF   Save The enzymatic hydrolysis technique was used to study the preparation of bird′s nest oligopeptides. The degradation behaviors of bird′s nest were studied using four kinds of enzymes. The molecular weight range, amino acid composition and sialic acid content of the bird′s nest were compared before and after enzyme digestion. Animal experiments were used to study the effects of bird′s nest oligopeptides on the activity of immune cells in mice. The results showed that the bird′s nest could be effectively degraded by trypsin and pepsin after heat denaturation at 60℃ and the degradation rate was 96% and 91%， respectively after 4 hours of enzymatic treatment. However, alkaline protease and neutral protease could only partially degrade bird′s nest. After 4 hours digestion, the residue rate of undissolved materials was 40% and 36%， respectively. The molecular weight of oligopeptides after enzymolysis was mainly concentrated in the range of 1 ku to 3 ku. The total protein content of oligopeptides was higher than that of bird′s nests. The sialic acid content after enzymolysis was 14.3%. The results of animal experiments showed that oligopeptides can significantly enhance the proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T cell compared with bird′s nest (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the inhibition of NK cell activity between bird′s nest and oligopeptides (P＜0.05). Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of PCR method for detection of Escherichia coli O26 DING Qi, LIN Wei-xin, CAI Jiao-ying, LIN Guo-sheng, WANG Xiao-yu,YOU Shu-zhu, CHEN Jun-yan2 XU Xi-lin 2019, 36 (1):  100.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF   Save Escherichia coli is one of the main factors causing foodborne diseases, including Escherichia coli O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and other serotypes. At present, research and reports on the Escherichia coli O26 are relatively less in the domestic. This paper focuses on the Escherichia coli serotype O26 primer design and optimization on the establishment of PCR system, which may provide references for the daily rapid detection of Escherichia coli O26.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a method for rapid detecting only viable cells of Ralstonia solanacearum by MTT HOU Da-xiang, XIONG Shu, XIE Gui-xiang 2019, 36 (1):  103.  Abstract ( 321 )   PDF   Save Method for assay of the viable cells of Ralstonia solanacearum was established by using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) and the parameters like the detection wavelength, bacterial concentration, MTT dosage and incubation time, triplex solution dosage and dissolution time were optimized. Results showed that the best detection wavelength for the reaction of MTT was 512 nm, Ralstonia solanacearum concentration was 0.3 in A600, the dosage of MTT was 30 μL, the reduction reaction of MTT was within 20 min, the dosage of triplex solution for dissolving formazan crystal was 3 mL, dissolved 8 h, and the A512 value was linear with formazan solutions between 10 μL and 120 μL. The study would provide the MTT method for rapid detection of plant pathogenic viable bacteria such as Ralstonia solanacearum, and have potential application value in agricultural products import and export detections. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and application of a new Pichia pastoris expression vector HOU Zeng-miao, LI Xiao-ying, GAO En, YANG Xiao-lin, ZHAO Jin-li 2019, 36 (1):  107.  Abstract ( 399 )   PDF   Save To construct a vector for promoting the high expression of exogenous protein in Pichia pastoris, the exogenous gene was co-expressed with PDI in the same vector, and the YPS1 gene was inactivated simultaneously. Using pPICZαA as backbone vector, the C and N-terminal nonfunctional area sequence of YPS1 pichia gene was connected to pPICZαA vector, then the recombinant vector pPICZαA-YPSΔ was obtained. When pichia PDI gene sequence was connected to pPICZαA vector, recombinant vector pPICZαA-PDI was produced. Next, PDI expression cassette was gained using PCR method with recombinant vector pPICZαA-PDI as a template. After connecting PDI expression cassette to recombinant vector pPICZαA-YPSΔ, the high expression vector pPICZαA-PDI-YPSΔ was obtained via screening. Finally, the exogenous genes HSA and hGH were introduced to the vector, then converting to Pichia GS115 in order to test the expression of HSA and hGH. The result implied that high expression vector pPICZαA-PDI-YPSΔ was built successfully. The exogenous gene HSA and hGH achieved high expression with this vector. High expression vector pPICZαA-PDI-YPSΔ could be effectively applied to industrial applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of micro-lecture in the genetic teaching TANG Bei 2019, 36 (1):  112.  Abstract ( 280 )   PDF   Save Micro-lecture is a new type of teaching resources, which has developed rapidly in recent years. However, more about microlectures is competitions, and in teaching practice, there are few reports. This study aims at the characteristics of genetics. According to the characteristics of genetics, this study selected the difficulties, exercises and extracurricular knowledge in the teaching of genetics to make micro-lecture, and carried out the practice in genetics teaching, and achieved good teaching results. It promotes the students to master the hard and difficult knowledge, saves the time of the evaluation exercises, and expands the students′ knowledge level to a certain extent. Related Articles | Metrics

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The exploration and practice of “reference-oriented” teaching model in biotechnological pharmaceutics course YANG Hong, WU Chun-hui, LI Shun, ZENG Hong-jun, LIU Yi-yao 2019, 36 (1):  114.  Abstract ( 251 )   PDF   Save Biotechnological pharmaceutics is an inter-disciplinary course with strong theoretics and practice. As for cultivating biopharmaceutical talents with high quality research and innovative ability, we explored teaching model reform of "reference-induced self-education" which require students reading a lot of literatures and discussing on the class. The article expounded the idea, process, literature type, class discussion aspects of "reference-induced self-education", which could provide experiences for teaching reform of the biotechnology pharmaceutics course. Related Articles | Metrics

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Case-and inquiry-based classroom teaching in cell engineering#br# KE Xia, ZHENG Ren-chao 2019, 36 (1):  117.  Abstract ( 291 )   PDF   Save Cell engineering is an important part of modern biotechnology, which includes the theory of modern bioscience and both of the development direction and research hotspot in biotechnology. According to the curricula features of cell engineering, this article focused on the practical problems in classroom teaching and provides explorations in teaching contents, teaching methods and examination means for cell engineering. With the help of the case-and inquiry-based teaching methods, the curriculum content was progressively delivered to students, and the course evaluation system was further improved. Finally, the reform in cell engineering classroom teaching was achieved, which is considered to be a practical mean in the improvement of cell engineering curricula construction and teaching quality.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of smartphone in teaching of biological courses in colleges LIU Ying, GAO Li, FENG Jun-rong 2019, 36 (1):  120.  Abstract ( 285 )   PDF   Save  At present, college students have become one of the groups to use smartphones with the highest frequency and the longest time. The negative effect of smartphones on college classroom teaching has also received widespread attention. However, with the help of massive resources in network, smartphones can also become powerful assistant of teachers, pilot students′ autonomic learning and improve learning effect effectively. This article will analyze the use of smartphone in establishment of E-learning platform, aids of classroom teaching and evaluation of teaching effect, summarize the mode and advantages of smartphone application in biology teaching in colleges, so as to provide references for the majority of college biological teachers.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of diversified modes of experimental teaching of natural medicinal chemistry LI Peng, ZHANG Yong-hong, MA Xing-hua 2019, 36 (1):  123.  Abstract ( 241 )   PDF   Save Natural medicinal chemistry is an important subject for students of pharmacy. The objective of experimental teaching of natural medicinal chemistry is to cultivate comprehensive experimental skill and improve the innovative ability of students. To improve the single teaching methods and explore the application effect of diversified teaching methods in the experimental teaching of natural medicinal chemistry, the diversified teaching methods include PBL teaching, using comparative experiment, introducing thought experiment and adding interactive discussion were applied. By the diversified teaching methods, the students′s experimental skills were improved. The questionnaire results showed that most of the students were satisfied with the diversified teaching methods. The diversified teaching methods in the experimental teaching of natural medicinal chemistry can stimulate students′ interest in learning, develop students′ experimental operation skills, scientific literacy and innovative spirit, and improve the teaching quality in experimental teaching of natural medicinal chemistry. Related Articles | Metrics

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The modern biology study must be guided by systematic perspective WU Xian-jin, LI Ai-min, LI Sheng-hua, ZENG Jun-ying 2019, 36 (1):  126.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF   Save The biosystem is a complex system, which possesses characteristics of purpose, integrality, hierarchy, dependency, adaptability, open, evolution, self-organization, et al. The bioscience has already developed into systems biology, it is inevitable choice to study the bioscience guided by systematic perspective. Using the systematic perspective to know the biological law of motion, it is necessary to do, such as, basing function to deduce logic, emphasizing many directions and nonlinear thought to think. The analytical method of “5W1H” is very useful and efficiency for knowing the biosystem knowledge. Related Articles | Metrics