Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 was awarded to Frances H. Arnold for "the directed evolution of enzymes", and to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter for "the phage display of peptides and antibodies". The two distinct technologies utilize gene-controlled protein biosynthesis and achieve practical applications by screening, and the phage display can also be applied as the high-throughput screening platform in combination with directed evolution. The two technologies are integrating multiple fields spanning organic chemistry, molecular biology as well as protein sciences, and are widely used in laboratories all over the world. In this review, we summarize the progress, advances and applications of the directed evolution and the phage display technologies.

Key words: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, directed evolution, phage display, high-throughput screening