Table of Content

18 April 2019, Volume 36 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Skin tissue engineering evolution and emerging 3D bioprinting technologies: opportunities and challenges TAI Guang-ping, WU Ke, CAI Jing-min 2019, 36 (2):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.001 Abstract ( 677 )   PDF   Save Burns care and chronic wound healing are two of the most disabling conditions and one major global health burdens. Tissue engineering skin substitutes and skin surgery are the main treatments. Despite the extensive research and development of skin tissue engineering over the last century, challenges remain unsolved, such as delayed vascularization, absence of essential sweat gland units and impaired skin pigmentation. The emerging 3D bioprinting technology is a promise enabling technology to build complex skin constructs. but before this technology can be fully utilized, issues such as seed cells, bio-ink formulations need to be optimized, bioprinting process and 3D printers must satisfy the regulatory requirements, though the national and international standards have yet to be established. Future studies should focus on the development of scalable printable technology, the exploration of novel cell sources and the exploitation of innovative bio-inks. The aim of this review is to provide an update of skin substitute development and application, summarize the available novel cell sources and bio-ink biomaterial with emphasis on their application with 3D printing technology. Especially, the induced pluripotent stem cells and skin progenitor cells in restoring of functions of hair follicles, receptors, sebaceous and sweat glands of skin, supporting rapid vascularization and nerve regeneration, Harness the power of the new emerging 3D printing techniques in skin tissue engineering and move traditional tissue engineering manufacturing process directly into the era of smart manufacturing. Utilizing 3D printing technology to print biologically, structurally and functionally native like artificial skin witch includes all essential cellular components in the near future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of bovine cell line expressing canine NECTIN4 for canine distemper virus culture YANG Si-ming, CAI Dong-yan, SUN Man-man, CHEN Xiao, DAI Xiao-feng, BAI Zhong-hu 2019, 36 (2):  7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.007 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF   Save Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is one of the receptors for canine distemper virus (CDV). In this study, a Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell line expressing canine NECTIN4, designated MDBK-N4, was established for CDV culture. We found that MDBK-N4 cell line could multiply the virus and it was caused typical cytopathic effect (CPE) after CDV inoculation, which demonstrated that transfection with viral receptor complementary DNA may enables a non-susceptible cell line to bind virus, support virus replication and develop CPE. Viral receptors expression provides a new way to develop a cell line for vaccine production in industry. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and expression analysis of SERK gene in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo LIANG Yi, LI Liang-jian, MA Ling-hui, LIU Chu-qi, LI Chang, WANG Wan-jun 2019, 36 (2):  11.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.011 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF   Save Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (SERK) is widely found in the plant community and has a variety of functions. Two SERK genes were identified from the genomic scaffold data by BLAST alignment in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, named DoSERK1 and DoSERK2. DoSERK1 has been reported, encoding 633 amino acids; but DoSERK2 is a new SERK gene. The coding sequence(CDS) length of DoSERK2 is 1877 bp, encoding 628 amino acids; DoSERK2 has the typical structure of SERK protein; it has five leucine-rich repeat(LRR) regions, one transmembrane region, one SPP motif and one intracellular kinase area. Conserved domains analysis finds that the active area of its intracellular kinase is in the depression of DoSERK2 three-dimensional structure. Quantitative analysis showed that DoSERK2 expressed in all eight stages of protocorm development, the highest expression level was in the first stage. Tissue expression analysis showed that the DoSERK2 expression was highest in flower, but in other tissues and organs it also could be detected. The gene expression profile indicated that DoSERK2 may play an important role in the early embryo development and reproductive process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experssion and structure analysis of bifunctional nuclease 1 in Sophora flavescens Ait. ZHAO De-rui,LIAO Yi,LIU Miao-miao,YANG Qing-shan, WU Jia-wen 2019, 36 (2):  17.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.017 Abstract ( 464 )   PDF   Save Plant bifunctional nuclease 1 enzymes are responsible for plant growth and developmental processes, including senescence, and they also have anti-tumor effects in vitro. Based on the unigene sequences of the Sophora flavescens transcriptome data, the open reading frame (ORF) of bifunctional nuclease 1 gene (SfBFN1) from Sophora flavescens was cloned, and the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of the encoded protein were analyzed. SfBFN1 was amplified by RT-PCR and further ligated into pET22b (+) vector, the recombinant plasmids were then transformed into BL21 competent cells. Optimization of the expression conditions for the SfBFN1 gene was performed at different temperatures and IPTG concentrations. The ORF fragment of SfBFN1 was 984 bp encoding SfBFN1 with 327 amino acids, which molecular weight was about 36.2 ku. SfBFN1 and the bifunctional nuclease 1 from Lupinus angustifolius showed the smallest genetic distance by the evolutionary analysis. The tertiary structure of SfBFN1 was predicted by PHYRE2 online software. The structure is rich in α helix and β fold, with five α helices wrapping seven β folds, forming the frame of the third dimension structure of the protein. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of SfBFN1 protein may lay the foundation for further studies on the protein as a potential anti-cancer drug. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on key gene and prediction model associated with lung cancer PAN Yi-hong, FAN Xue-meng, ZHU Pin 2019, 36 (2):  22.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.022 Abstract ( 614 )   PDF   Save The aim of the present study is to investigate the pathway of key genes that participate in the development of lung cancer and construct the prediction model. Firstly, the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between cancer and healthy group were identified by analyzing the transcription profiles of GSE19188 and GSE40791. The two transcription profiles were downloaded from the GEO(Gene Expression Omnibus) database. Secondly, the DEGs were entered into the STRING database to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, and the key genes were screened by the product of expression deviation score and degree in the network. A total of 805 DEGs in the same trend were screened in lung cancer samples compared to normal tissue samples, including 214 up-regulated and 591 down-regulated genes. The PPI network of DEGs comprised 632 DEGs and 6312 interaction pairs. A total of 209 key genes were obtained, which were significantly enriched in seven up-regulated pathways and four down-regulated pathways. Hierarchy analysis discovered that the pathscore of the 11 significant pathways could distinguish cancer samples from normal samples. Finally, cross talk genes in the connected pathways were analyzed and used to construct the prediction model through the machine learning method. The accuracy of the prediction model could be as high as 97%, indicating that the 18 genes had good robustness and sensitivity as the prediction genes for lung cancer. So, these genes may be used as the prediction markers and target biomarkers for chemotherapies in lung cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in the hemolymph levels of methyl farnesoate and gene expression of enzymes in its biosynthesis during the molt cycle and after eyestalk ablation of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus SHAO Juan, ZHENG Liang, ZHENG Hong-kun, XIE Xi, ZHU Dong-fa 2019, 36 (2):  28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.028 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF   Save  Methyl farnesoate (MF)is the unepoxidized form of insect JH III, and is commonly considered as an equivalent of JH in crustaceans, which plays essential roles in many physiological processes of crustaceans. To investigate the possible role of MF in the molting process of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, the hemolymph levels were detected using the gas chromatography-mass spectrography (GC-MS)with selected ion monitoring (SIM), and the gene expression of the enzymes in MF biosynthesis pathway was detected using qPCR. The results showed that the hemolymph MF titer increased significantly in the pre-molt stage, and to the maximum in D1 substage. The gene expression patterns of three MF biosynthesis enzymes including AACT, FPS, and JHAMT were not the same during the molt cycle, while still consistent with their location in the MF biosynthesis pathway, which indicated that the transcriptional regulation of MF synthesis enzymes might be cascaded. In addition, the regulatory role of eyestalk factor on the MF biosynthesis was investigated by eyestalk ablation (ESA)experiment. The results showed that ESA could rapidly induce the hemolymph MF titer and the gene expression of MF synthesis enzymes including PtHMGR, PtFPS, PtFAMeT and PtJHAMT, suggesting the existence of transcriptional regulation of eyestalk factors on MF biosynthesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The gene transcription and enzymatic activity on glutamine synthetase by different nitrogen cultivated from Pleurotus eryngii WANG Ying, SHANG Jun-jun, MAO Wen-jun, WANG Ying, BAO Da-peng, LI Yan 2019, 36 (2):  33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.033 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF   Save Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a central enzyme of nitrogen metabolism in fungi. A single nitrogen of minimal medium was designed to investigate the type and concentration of nitrogen source and the regulation of GS activity in culture the mycelia of Pleurotus eryngii. The transcription of PE-GS was measured by Real Time RT-PCR and the data of enzymatic activity of GS and the biomass of Pleurotus eryngii were analyzed. Fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that both urea and NH+4 could inhibit GS gene expression level and GS enzyme activity. NO-3 could improve GS gene expression level and GS enzyme activity, but the ability to produce mycelium biomass with NO-3 nitrogen source was poor in Pleurotus eryngii. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome analysis of anther-culture regeneration strains from Zizyphus jujube mill Jinnan No. 1 CHEN Zong-li, ZHANG Le-yuan, Bai Yong, YANG Yang, HAN Ai-qin, ZHANG Zhi-chan, QI Xiang-ying 2019, 36 (2):  37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.037 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF   Save The analysis of chromosome karyotype is one of the basic methods for the study of cytogenetics and genetic breeding. As a carrier of genes, chromosome has species-specific, which are of great significance for studying of the evolution classification of species and the relationship among the structures morphology and functions of chromosome. The tender leaves of the 6th generation of test tube seedlings obtained from anther culture of Zizyphus jujube mill Jinnan No.1 were selected as materials, the enzyme solution to wall low permeability-modified phenol fuchsin staining method was used to make specimen slice and auxiliary microscopic observation analysis was used to study its karyotype. The results showed that the number of chromosomes in this test tube seedlings were 12, including 1 chromosome group and the small chromosome. The formula of chromosome group is n=1X=12=9m+3sm, belonging to type 2B. In theory, this study would provide genetic basis for the rapid propagation and breeding of anther culture regeneration plant from this Chinese jujube. At the same time, the improved method for the analysis of jujube chromosome group was provided. Related Articles | Metrics

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Production of ginsenoside Rg3 by Burkholderia sp.GE 17-7 from ginseng endophytes LI Jun-ying, WU Lun-peng, KANG Chen-kai, FU Yu 2019, 36 (2):  41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.041 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF   Save Many investigational studies have shown that ginsenosides are the principal active constituents of ginseng in antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory and biomodulatory processes. In particular, minor ginsenoside monomers, such as F2, Rh2, Rg3 and compound K (CK), have greater antitumor activity than the major ginsenoside monomers Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1. An endophytic bacterium GE 17-7 strain isolated from ginseng roots for 17 years, belonging to the genus Burkholderia, had been used in converting minor ginsenosides. The major ginsenoside monomers Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1 were used by strain GE 17-7. Biotransformation products were separated and purified through thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and identified by spectral analysis and physical constants. The results indicated that Burkholderia sp. GE 17-7 had specific hydrolytic activity for the outer glucose at the C-20 position in protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides without hydrolysis of the inner glucose. The final metabolite was ginsenoside Rg3 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. This suggests that the hydrolytic pathway of ginsenoside Rb1 by strain GE 17-7 was ginsenoside Rb1→ginsenoside Rd→ginsenoside Rg3. We have successfully found a specificity ginsenoside Rg3-producing endophytic bacterium GE 17-7 from ginseng. Related Articles | Metrics

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The field distribution and prevalence rules of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit LI Ya-wei, WANG Xiao-jie, WU Qun,LI Shi-yao, LI Shuang-rong, ZHU Li-wu, LIU Pu 2019, 36 (2):  46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.046 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF   Save The kiwifruit bacterial canker caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is one of the most devastating disease. Wind, rain and wounds are considered as the main influencing factors and the ways of canker disease transmission. It was of great significance for the prevention and control of the distribution of the pathogen in the orchard and the spread of the infection. Based on this, in this study, we mainly relied on the method of direct extraction of total DNA after isolation and purification of bacteria, using the specific primers ACT1/ACT2 and PsaF1/PsaR2 to identify the main distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit; and determine the initial infection of ulcer pathogens and latent sites, the path of initial infection and transmission by scanning electron microscopy and combined with different occured time of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. The results showed that the main pathogens of the canker were found in the main vines, main branches, collateral branches, new shoots and leaves of aboveground part. The distribution of the topsoil and roots was very low. At the same time, it was found that the number of canker disease in leaf wound was much larger than that of other intact regions, which was the primary infection point. Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae have two peaks which are Spring and Autumn, however, there are just a few in the plant tissues in summer and winter. The research were carried out to lay the foundation for the next step in the study of the mechanism of infection and field control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chemical constituents analysis of volatile oil by supercritical CO2 extraction from Pinus dabeshanensis needles XIANG Xiao-yan, WU Gan-lin,DUAN Ren-yan, WANG Zhi-gao, LIU Jia-lei 2019, 36 (2):  51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.051 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF   Save The volatile oil from Pinus dabeshanensis needles was extracted by supercritical CO2 fluid (SFE-CO2). The chemical components were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed a total of 33 compounds were successfully identified by SFE-CO2, representing 81.70% of the total compounds, of which terpenes (36.65%) , alcohols (22.96%), alkanes (11.33%) and esters（10.76%）were the major constituents. (-)-spathulenol (11.55%), d-cadinene (10.72%), α-cadinol (8.65%), caryophyllene (7.26%) and 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo \[3.1.1\]heptane (6.43%) were the main components. Related Articles | Metrics

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Phenotypic plasticity of seedlings of Lychnis wilfordii (Regel) Maxim response to temperature and soil nutrient conditions BAO Yu, YANG Miao, TANG Zhan-hui 2019, 36 (2):  54.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.054 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF   Save The aim of this study is to elucidate the response of the seedlings of L. wilfordii (Regel) Maxim to temperature and soil nutrient treatments. The effects of non-biological environmental factors on the phenotypic plasticity of the plant height, biomass accumulation, biomass allocation and the relative growth rate of L. wilfordii seedlings were studied. The results showed that the plant height, total biomass, relative growth rate and root/ shoot ratio of the seedlings were different under different temperature conditions. The growth performance were promoted with the temperature increasing, but the root/ shoot ratio decreased with increasing temperature. The effect of temperature conditions on plant height and relative growth rate was the most significant. The plant height, total biomass, relative growth rate and root/ shoot ratio of the seedlings were different under different soil nutrient conditions. The growth performance were also promoted with the soil nutrient increasing, excepting for root/shoot ratio. The effects of soil nutrient on plant height and root/shoot ratio were significant. The plasticity of relative growth rate was the strongest under different temperature conditions. Under different soil nutrient treatments, the plasticity of root/shoot ratio was the strongest. The results showed that the plasticity of the L.wilfordii (Regel) Maxim seedlings to temperature change is higher than that to soil nutrient change. Related Articles | Metrics

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Haplomitriaceae, a new recorded family in Anhui Province CHENG Qian, SHI Xue-qin 2019, 36 (2):  59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.059 Abstract ( 433 )   PDF   Save Haplomitrium mnioides (Lindb.) R.M.Schust., belonging to Haplomitriaceae, was reported as a new recorded species in Anhui Province, China. This paper described its morphological characters, habitat and distribution. Voucher specimens are deposited in AHNU. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study on the relationship between wetland landscape pattern and water level in Shengjin Lake YANG Yang,LI Wan-tong,ZHOU Zhong-ze,LI Chun-lin 2019, 36 (2):  61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.061 Abstract ( 372 )   PDF   Save Landscape patterns in seasonally inundated lake wetlands change significantly with the water level fluctuations. Shengjin Lake is a typical Yangtze-connected shallow-water lake, providing important staging and wintering habitats for waterbirds migrating along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The seasonally water-level-driven landscape changes may greatly impact wintering waterbirds in the lake. We conducted a supervised classification on Landsat images acquired in recent years using a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) to quantify landscape patterns under different water levels. The relationship between water level and land-cover areas, as well as landscape indices, was investigated. Results showed that water level in Shengjin Lake showed obviously seasonal fluctuations. As the water level rose, area of open water increased, while the areas of grassland and mudflats decreased. Diversity and evenness of land-covers were also negatively correlated with the water level. Grassland and mudflats were mostly found in estuarine area in the upper and lower lake in winter, providing abundant food resources for diverse wintering waterbirds. However, the water level was still high for aquaculture during the early stage of the wintering season, resulting in limited grassland and mudflats exposed for waterbirds. Based on our findings, we suggest stepwise water recession plans in Shengjin Lake, allowing diverse habitats to be exposed gradually to provide essential foraging grounds for different waterbirds. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the freshness changes of Sinonovacula constricta during storage indicated by trimethylamine RAN Yun, ZHANG Si-jia, RAN Zhao-shou, XU Ji-lin, LIAO Kai 2019, 36 (2):  65.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.065 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF   Save In this study, dynamic tendency of trimethylamine (TMA)content in Sinonovacula constricta stroraged in different phases with different temperature was detected by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), to provide evidence for the storage conditions of S. constricta. With the duration of storage time, the content of TMA had been on the rise at 26℃, 4℃ and-20℃, and the low temperature could slow down the trend. After being cultured in sea water for 2 days at 26℃, S. constricta had been dead and smelly, in which the content of TMA was 13.954 mg/kg. After being storaged in sea water at 4℃ for 8 days, S. constricta had been incapacitated and the content of TMA in it was 1.369 mg/kg. The content of TMA in S. constricta was only 0.564 mg/kg after being storaged at-20℃ for 30 days suggested that the samples remained enough freshness. So low temperature can inhibit the growth and reproduction of spoilage microorganisms, which is conducive to maintain the freshness of S. constricta. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the indoor scale breeding technique of Sepia pharaonis LI Jian-ping, JIANG Xia-min, ZHAO Chen-xi, PENG Rui-bing,JIANG Mao-wang, WANG Shuang-jian 2019, 36 (2):  68.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.068 Abstract ( 532 )   PDF   Save In order to speed up the industrial breeding process of Sepia pharaonis, we carried out the experiment on the indoor breeding of Sepia pharaonis in the Lai Fa Aquatic nursery in Xiangshan from June 9 to September 9, 2017, with the following methods: First, a total of 2000 artificially bred Sepia pharaonis (with an average length of 3.8 cm) were stocked with the initial density of 50-60/m2 , and the precapture density of 5-8/m2. Second, the aquaculture conditions were maintained as: water level of 80-120 cm, the water temperature 20-32℃, salinity of 22‰-33‰, pH 7.6-8.4, DO≥4.0 mg/L. Last, ice fresh shrimp and small fish were feld two times every day, the feeding amount of 6%-18%; the water was changed once a day, with the water volume of 80%-100%. The results were as follows: after 3 months of breeding, the body weight of cuttlefish grows exponentially with the time of cultivation: W=10.718e0.045d, the body weight was 420-620 g, which the average body mass of 513 g. The body length of cuttlefish grew linearly with the culture time: WL=0.1401d+3.1815, the squid′s body length was 15.3-18.6 cm, with the average length of 16.6 cm. The survival rate of Sepia pharaonis was up to 61.5%, and the feed coefficient was 4.36. In summary: the Sepia pharaonis is a new kind of aquatic products with fast growth, short breeding cycle, low disease and high economic benefit, which is suitable for the large-scale cultivation and the prospects are very promising. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of antitumor effect of interleukin-21 MOU Chun-yan, YU Feng, ZHOU Yang, GU Jie, SHI Hai-feng 2019, 36 (2):  73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.073 Abstract ( 590 )   PDF   Save Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a member of the IL-2 cytokine family, is predominantly produced by activated CD4+T cells and has a variety of biological effects on lymphocytes and myeloid cells. Since its discovery in 2000, tremendous progress has been made to elucidate IL-21′s induced cellular immune response， especially in the inhibition of hematological malignancies. Preclinical studies have shown that exogenous IL-21 induced the direct apoptosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) B-cell with expression of IL-21R, making it a potential new strategy for anti-lymphoma therapy. The antitumor effect of IL-21 is mainly mediated through the cytotoxic activity of NK cells and CD4+/ CD8+T cells. This review provides an overview of the biological structure and function of IL-21 and its anti-tumor clinical trials， and illustrates the efficacy of IL-21 in combination with CAR-T cells and monoclonal antibodies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of MscL channel in bionanotechnology HONG Lang, LI Yue-zhou 2019, 36 (2):  78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.078 Abstract ( 616 )   PDF   Save  The mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) functions as an emergency valve in bacteria responding to changes in membrane tension and preventing lysis under acute osmotic shock. Taking the advantage of large pore size, tractable manipulation, and retainment of its mechanosensitivity when reconstituted into lipid bilayer, MscL could be developed into a ideal bio-nano tool. MscL based nanotechnology has advanced recently. These findings demonstrate that MscL channels with modified pore size or ion selectivity could be controlled by light, pH and magnetic field, and could be used for targeted drug release or other nanodevices. In this review, we focus on the progress of MscL based applictions in the field of bionanotechnology. Related Articles | Metrics

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The recent researches in the relationship between PSD-95 and age related impairments in learning and memory LIN Jiang-tao, DING Yue-min, ZHANG Xiong 2019, 36 (2):  83.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.083 Abstract ( 751 )   PDF   Save Brain aging is associated with impairments in learning and memory, which can be explained partly by alterations in synaptic structure and function rather than neuronal loss. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is a major scaffolding protein in postsynaptic density and is important for maintaining the synaptic structure and plasticity. PSD-95 is considered to be associated with brain aging in recent studies. Thus, we reviewed the relationship of PSD-95 and brain aging, mainly focusing on impairments in learning and memory, hoping to provide a new sight for further researches in the mechanisms of brain aging and in preventing the related diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Drosophila melanogaster dopamine system and stress YANG Jun-fei,JIA Jia,QIN Hong-tao 2019, 36 (2):  86.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.086 Abstract ( 494 )   PDF   Save Dopamine is a widely distributed neurtransmitter in the brain. A variety of neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with dopamine system dysfunction. Since many Drosophila melanogaster genes that involve in the synthesis, transport, excretion, metabolism and signal transduction of dopamine are conserved in human, fruit flies have been extensively used to study the regulation of dopamine signaling. Here, we review the recent researches related to dopamine and its regulation by stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in algal optogenetics REN Qing-min, WANG Yin-chu 2019, 36 (2):  90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.090 Abstract ( 518 )   PDF   Save Studying of algal optogenetics makes a difference for that optogenetics, as a original technology, can help in the research of neuroscience and so on. The optogenetics is derived from the study of algal photoreceptors and continues to obtain new optogenetic tools from algae. Highly sensitive photoreceptors include channelrhodopsin in algae can change their conformation in response to different light qualities on a subsecond time scale，and induce physiological and behavioral responses. This paper reviewed the research progress of classification and functions of algal photoreceptor proteins, as well as in vivo functions of algal photoreceptors and the applications, it is expected to give some references for who will devote to the further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Damage and control of free-ranging dogs in Tibet YANG Le, CAO Peng-xi, LI Zhong-qiu,DANG Wei-dong 2019, 36 (2):  94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.094 Abstract ( 757 )   PDF   Save Feral or free ranging dogs are wild or semi-wild dogs and their offspring who wander in variable types of environments due to the unintentional loss or deliberate abandonment of their hosts. Due to historical and cultural reasons, the population of feral dogs in Tibet keeps increasing. In this paper, we analyzed the negative effects of feral dogs on the natural eco-systems, including carrying and spreading viruses, bacteria and parasites, injuring livestock and poultry as well as humans, threatening the survival of wild animals, affecting ecological balance and increasing the environmental pressures. According to the actual situation in Tibet, we made prevention and control suggestions as following: strengthening census and investigation, implementing population control, increasing investment in scientific research, strengthening social education and legislation, and protecting local wildlife adjusted to time and location. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reasearch and development of chemiluminescent immunoassay for human serum folic acid LU Fei, WANG Shi-jie,CHEN Xiang,BAI Zhong-hu, YANG Yan-kun 2019, 36 (2):  98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.098 Abstract ( 612 )   PDF   Save The study developed a chemiluminescent immunoassay(CLIA) test kit which can detect folic acid in serum quickly and accurately. First of all, the sample treatment agent was used to rapidly release the bounding folate in the serum completely, and then folate was detected with folate binding protein to establish a competition chemiluminescence immunoassay. Through the optimization of each component in the kit, the minimum detection limit of this kit was 1 ng/mL, the linear range was 1.5-50 ng/mL with high specificity, and the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were both less than 10%. Its storage duration could be 16 months at 2-8℃. Two hundred clinical serum samples were tested, and the correlation coefficient of the kit test results with the control kit manufacturers (Beckman) was 0.9847. The detection technology innovatied the use of Biotin-Avidin-System to improve the detection accuracy and sensitivity, and developed a new sample processing reagents and methods to make the release of serum folic acid more quickly and completely. All the technical parameters of the folic acid quantification kit are setting the pace in the home market. It can be widely used in the detection of clinical samples. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screen high-producing cordycepin by Cordyceps militaris through composite mutagenesis and optimizaation of solid state fermentation SUN Cui,WANG Yu,LI Kuo-kuo,CHEN Da-wei 2019, 36 (2):  103.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.103 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF   Save A cordycepin high-yielding mutants had been screened. The original strain Cordyceps militaris producing cordycepin was treated with 60Co-γ- UV irradiation and its fermentation conditions were optimized for cordycepin production.The results showed that solid state fermentation conditions were initial temperature 24℃, late temperature 21℃. Under these conditions, the yield of cordycepin reached 9.595 mg/g, which was 132.9% higher than that of original strains. The strain was continuously sub-cultured to the 12 generation and remained steady after subculture, in addition, 100.2% was improved by cultivation of the mutagenesis strain. In conclusion, a high cordycepin-producing strain C1-7 was successfully screened, which has potential application value in practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of extract method and analysis of antioxidant activity of glycoprotein from Dendrobium huoshanense DENG Hui, CUI Shao-jin, ZHU Fu-cheng, HAN Bang-xing, CHEN Nai-dong, CHEN Nai-fu 2019, 36 (2):  107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.107 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF   Save Under 4℃, the extracted liquid was obtained from Dendrobium huoshanense′s fresh stems with graded precipitated by ammonium sulfate and ethanol, respectively, and six kinds of glycoprotein extract components were got and determined by SDS-PAGE, protein staining and sugar staining. The results showed that the glycoprotein bands obtained by the salt solution were significantly higher in concentration, quantity and molecular weight range. In vitro antioxidant experiments showed that the glycoprotein extract with high polymorphism bands had higher capacity to scavenging superoxide anion free radical and hydroxyl radical. The optimal extraction conditions in saline solution of glycoprotein from Dendrobium huoshanense were 0.3 mol/L NaCl solution, at the liquid-solid ratio of 16∶ 1, extraction for 12 h, and the yield rate of crude glycoprotein was (12.56±0.35)%. Related Articles | Metrics

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A note on deriving Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ZHU De-gang, HAN Qiu-hong 2019, 36 (2):  112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.112 Abstract ( 537 )   PDF   Save Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) equilibrium is a fundamental model for population genetics. Classical mathematical model for the establishment of H-W equilibrium relies on the assumption that genotype frequencies are equal in males and females. In practice genotype frequencies for the two sexes maybe differ. In this study, we give the mathematical model for H-W equilibrium provided that the two sexes are unequal in genotype frequencies. We obtain the ultimate frequency for a given allele and find that if genotype frequencies differ between the sexes, it takes two generations of random mating to attain H-W equilibrium instead of only one generation of random mating. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the teaching reform of interdisciplinary microbiology in engineering colleges XIE Hui,YING Qiong-qiong,ZENG Qi,CHEN Dan,SHEN Xiao-min, LIANG Ji-min 2019, 36 (2):  114.  doi: 0.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.114 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF   Save In recent years, because of the microbiology are growing important, however, the traditional microbiology experiment still has many shortages, especially for some students who are in engineering college and university. The experiment of soil microbial system evolution was taken as an example. The reform and exploration were carried out from the aspects of experimental teaching content（microbiology, molecular biology, bioinformatics, computer programming, large database use, etc）, experimental teaching concept（under the guidance of teachers, the design of independent experimental scheme of scientific research level requirements） and experimental teaching assessment mechanism（experimental operation, experimental results, opening report, thesis defense, research report, test report and assessment mechanism）. The results showed that the new experimental teaching mode was more conducive to training students′ practical ability, innovation ability and comprehensive ability, and their teaching effects have been greatly improved.  Related Articles | Metrics

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The embodiment of translational medicine thought in medical genetics teaching GONG Lei,WU Qi-wen,HU Wei-hua,WANG Ping,YANG Jian-ke,GAO Ji-guang,LIN Ai-qin,BU Wen-jie 2019, 36 (2):  118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.118 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF   Save The embodiment of translational medicine thought in medical genetics teaching Related Articles | Metrics

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Experience summarization in the separation of fatty acids from rapeseed by reversed-phase paper chromatography LI Hai-xia, WANG Jing, HE Ying, ZENG Han-lai, WANG Xue-kui, FENG Sheng-qiu 2019, 36 (2):  121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.121 Abstract ( 412 )   PDF   Save In the experimental teaching in the separation of main unsaturated fatty acids from rapeseed by reversed-phase paper chromatography, the fatty acid chromatogram often appears various problems due to a variety of factors. Through a lot of experiments and continuous optimization of experimental conditions, the experimental teaching effect of the separation of main unsaturated fatty acids by the reversed-phase paper chromatography was improved. The experience of fatty acid chromatography was summarized. Meanwhile, the common problems were analyzed and the corresponding solutions were putted forward. These can guide the experimental teaching of fatty acid chromatography. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of smartphone in botany teaching practice SHI Xue-qin, HAN Fei 2019, 36 (2):  124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.124 Abstract ( 387 )   PDF   Save Botany is a basic course of biological science in normal university, which gives practice and theory equal value. With the widespread use of smartphones in college students, some new ideas are introduced to university teaching reform. This paper introduces the uses of smartphone cameras, smartphone App and optional smartphone accessories in botany teaching practice. The advantages and disadvantages of smartphone in teaching practice are discussed.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on teaching design of botany course based on humanistic care orientation GONG Hong-dong 2019, 36 (2):  127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.02.127 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF   Save In this paper, combined with the current practice of botany course, from three aspects of the establishment of the teaching objective, the selection of teaching content and the implementation of the discussion, the paper discusses how to carry out the teaching design of botany course based on humanistic care orientation, so as to provide a reference for improving the teaching quality of botany course. Related Articles | Metrics