Abstract: Temperature rise is a serious environmental problem and has seriously affected the global grain production and safety. Relative to vegetative organs such as leaves, the development of stamens and pistils is more sensitive to environmental stress. High temperature affects the normal development of anther, which can lead to male sterile in severe cases. Heat stress affected many biological processes in anther development, including meiosis, tapetum function, microsporogenesis and anther dehiscence. Meanwhile, heat stress also distrubed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, hormone metabolism, heat shock protein regulation and other signaling networks. In this paper, we summarized the effects of heat stress on anther development in higher plants, indicated the molecular mechanisms of antherresponse to heat stress, and analyzed the signal transduction network to try to understand more intuitively the effects of heat stress on male reproduction， so as to provide a broader theoretical guidance and support for breeding high temperature crop varieties.

Key words: heat stress, anther development, heat shock transcription factor, reactive oxygen species, plant hormone