Table of Content

18 June 2017, Volume 34 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Construction,identification and function of recombinant lentivirus vector for rhesus miR-125a-3p LIU Ya-lin, ZHOU Yan, GENG Pan-pan, XIE Yu-ping,QIAO Hong-tu, SUN Mao-sheng, LI Hong-jun 2017, 34 (3):  1.  Abstract ( 289 )   PDF   Save To construct miR-125a-3p overexpression and suppression lentivirus shRNA vectors for studying its effect to diarrhea of miR-125a-3p in mice,which laid a foundation of study miR-125a-3p to provide preliminary preparation for the impact of rotavirus proliferation process and to explore the molecular mechanism, the miR-125a-3p precursor sequence and miR-125a-3p reverse complement sequence were designed, and pLVshRNA-EGFP(2A)Puro vector was used to construct recombination lentivirus plasmid. The recombinant plasmid can generate the miR-125a-3p overexpression and suppression lentivirus vectors. Packaged lentivirus particle contained miR-125a-3p overexpression and suppression lentivirus by HEK293Ta. Virus titer was detected after infection of HEK293Ta. Finally we evaluated miR-125a-3p expression after that the virus infected MA104 cell and injected mice, and diarrhea of mice that was infected by rotavirus.It is successfully to construct the miRNA-125-3p overexpression and suppression lentivirus vectors. The recombinant virus successfully infected MA104 cells and mice small intestine. miR-125a-3p overexpression and suppression lentivirus vector were constructed successfully，which provide a stable cell transfection vector for further study of the impact and mechanism of miR-125a-3p to rotavirus and its host.We also found that the miR-125a-3p overexpression lentivirus vector can inhibitor the diarrhea,which was infected by rotavirus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of a Polyubiquitin gene (DoUb1)in the Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo PEI Wei,LIANG Yi,FAN Jing,AN Hong-qiang,WANG Wan-jun 2017, 34 (3):  6.  Abstract ( 299 )   PDF   Save  Polyubiquitin1 (DoUb1) in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo was achieved by RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). DoUb1 contained 1985 bp nucleotides with a putative open reading frame encoding 457 amino acid residues. The predicted molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point of pI were 51 179.7 ku and 7.76 respectively. Subcellular localization analysis showed that gene product played a major role in the cytoplasm or the mitochondrial matrix. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DoUb1 has the closest relativon with monocotyledonous plants such as Zea mays, Setaria italica and Oryza sativa. Results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the expression of DoUb1 was higher in roots and leaves than in stems; DoUb1 was down-regulated during drought stress and temperature stress, the expression level was reduced in the early stage of stresses and then slowly increased. For drought stress, and the expression level was at the lowest after PEG treatment for 6 h; for temperature stress, it had similar responsive characteristics to drought stress, but in the low temperature stress, the expression of DoUb1 was lower than in high temperature stress. These results showed that the gene was more sensitive to low temperature stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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N-terminal 9-glutamine and 7-aspartate tags significantly increase the expression and secretion of pullulanase from Bacillus acidopullulyticus in Escherichia coli LI Ya-mei,AN Zhan-fei,CHEN A-na, YANG Yan-kun, BAI Zhong-hu 2017, 34 (3):  11.  Abstract ( 247 )   PDF   Save Various tags, especially charged amino acids, were widely applied in soluble expression and secretion of heterogenous proteins in Escherichia coli recent years. To know how the charged amino acids types and numbers influent the Pul13A expression and secretion, 25 Pul13A mutants were constructed, which had different N-terminal amino acid tags. Among them, the nine-glutamine tag could decrease the transcription level and increase the N-terminal mRNA stability, and Pul13A′s activity changed to 179.60 U/mL that was 278.28% higher than the control without any amino acid tag. Meanwhile, the N-terminal seven-aspartate tag enhanced the inner membrane permeability, and secreted massive pullulanse into the culture medium ( 48.18 U/mL ). Furthermore, it was found that the CBM41 structural domain was different in different mutants, which maybe mainly result in the differences of the expression and secretion levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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The secondary structure, antigen epitope analysis and recombination prediction triple epitope peptide vaccine of porcine important infection virus protein LIU Xiang, CHEN Chen, CHEN Chun-lin, WU San-qiao 2017, 34 (3):  18.  Abstract ( 507 )   PDF   Save In order to design protein epitope polypeptide for important infectious virus of porcine, the candidate proteins vaccine of swine infection virus was selected. The selected proteins included GP5 protein of PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus), CAP protein of PCV2 (porcine circovirus type 2), and E2 protein of CSFV (classical swine fever virus). ABCpred and BepiPred prediction programs were used to predict B cell epitopes, quantitative matrix, the artificial neural network was used to predict CTL cell epitopes, and an online server prediction was used to analysis MHC class Ⅱ peptide binding affinity. The secondary structure further verifying the accuracy of B/T cell epitopes was analyzed by SOPMA and DNASTAR software. The B/T cell epitopes were recomposed by protean program. The results showed that GP5 protein had 4 B cell epitopes, CAP and E2 had 5 B cell epitopes, and GP5, CAP and E2 protein had 1 CTL cell epitopes. GP5 and E2 protein had 2 Th cell epitopes, and CAP protein had 1 Th cell epitopes. The secondary structure showed that most of the B/T cell epitopes were located in the exposed surface, the random coil and the corner, which verified the prediction accuracy of B/T cell epitopes. The B/T cell epitopes were recomposed by protean program, and triple epitope vaccine of porcine virus holding better antigen was designed finally, and laid the foundation for the development of swine virus multi vaccine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of three cold-resistant varieties of common carp analyzed by microsatellite markers SANG Bin, LU Cui-yun, LI Chao, SUN Xiao-wen,LI Dan-tong 2017, 34 (3):  24.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF   Save Cultivation and breeding of cold resistant varieties are very important for carp farming in the Three-North Region, meanwhile, genetic analysis of cultivars is helpful to the sustainable utilization of the germplasm resources.Comparative analysis of genetic diversity was conducted using microsatellite markers on three cold-resistant varieties of common carp with similar genetic background, Cyprinuscarpio L. (GG), Cyprinuscarpio var. wuyuanensis (HH), and Cyprinuscarpio var. Songpu(SS).The results showed as following: (1) The average effective number of alleles of three cold-resistant varieties of common carp (GG, HH, SS) were 4.392, 4.501 and 4.518, respectively. Average observed heterozygosities were 0.801, 0.815 and 0.809, respectively. The average polymorphism information contents were 0.720 and 0.717, 0.720, respectively. Three cold-resistant varieties of common carp were of highly polymorphic level. Three populations deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the population structure were reasonable. (2) A tree diagram was constructed by clustering analysis according to genetic distance of three breeding carp. The results indicated that SS clustering was a separate branch firstly, followed by GG and HH. In accordance with the results of Structure analysis, HH separated as a group alone, GG and SS clustered together for the model K=2.Whereas GG, HH, and SS were clustered into 3 different groups for the model K=3.(3)seventy-three specific alleles were detected from 26 markers, of which 41 specific alleles frequency reached more than 10%. There were 161 specific genotypes with genotypic frequencies over 10%, which can be used for germplasm identification of 3 varieties of cold resistant carp. The purpose of this study was to provide a beneficial reference bases for the breeding and germplasm identification of common carp. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different temperature on sustainable energy intake in Eothenomys miletus during lactation ZHU Wan-long, CAI Jin-hong, WANG Zheng-kun 2017, 34 (3):  33.  Abstract ( 276 )   PDF   Save Limits to SusEI during peak lactation may be imposed peripherally by the capacity of mammary glands to produce milk or may be driven by the ability of animals to dissipate body heat. To distinguish between the two mechanisms, body mass change, resting metabolic rate, food intake, litter size and mass were measured in Eothenomys miletus lactating at 5℃, 23℃ and 30℃. The results showed that female E. miletus lactating at 5℃ showed significantly lower change in body mass, but it had higher RMR and food intake than females at 23℃ and 30℃. No significant differences in litter size were observed between the three groups, however, litter mass at 5℃ was lower than litter mass at 23℃ and 30℃. These data suggested that females lactating at cold temperatures increased food intake to compensate for additional energy demands for thermogenesis, but they might not be capable of exporting more energy as milk to the pups, indicating a possible consistency with the peripheral hypothes Related Articles | Metrics

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Removal of heavy metals in mice by melanin from sepia YUAN Yi-meng, LI Kang-xiu, WANG Chun-lin, MU Chang-kao, LI Rong-hua, SONG Wei-wei 2017, 34 (3):  37.  Abstract ( 255 )   PDF   Save In this study, we used mouse model to analyze the removal of heavy metals by melanin extracted from sepia. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: as the control group, melanin group, heavy metals group, heavy metals and melanin group, which were treated by gavage with saline, melanin, heavy metals, heavy metals and melanin, respectively. After a trial period of 7 days, we calculated the data of experimental animals, such as spleen index, heavy metal(Pb,Cd,Cr and Ba) contents in different organs, activities of enzymes (SOD,GSH-Px)， and the content of MDA. The results showed that Pb, Cr and Ba contents decreased significantly in blood and femur, and increased significantly in feces after heavy metals and melanin were administered compared with the heavy metals group. Besides, in contrast with heavy metals group, Cd content in of the heavy metals and melanin group dropped in blood and femur, and significantly rised in feces as well. As for melanin group, it had no significant change in spleen index by comparison with the control group. The activities of SOD, GSH-Px in melanin group were lower than the control group while the content of MDA was higher. Thus, sepia melanin appeared to help reduce Pb, Cd, Cr and Ba absorption and promote excretion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of environmental stress on activity of SOD, CAT and MDA content in Daphniopsis Tibetana Sars WEI Jie, BAN Yan-li,WANG Yuan,ZHAO Wen,XIE Xi,LI Pei-pei 2017, 34 (3):  42.  Abstract ( 543 )   PDF   Save The present study investigated the effects of salinity (20 and 25) and temperature (20℃ and 25℃) stress on activities of SOD（Superoxide Dlismutase）, CAT(Catalase) and MDA(Maldondialdehyde) content in juvenile and adult of Daphniopsis tibetana Sars, by method for experimental ecology, respectively. The result showed that high concentration of salt stress treatment increased the activities of SOD and CAT and reduced MDA content in juvenile. There were no significant differences in adult SOD activity induced by high salinity stress. And the activity of CAT and MDA content were higher in experimental group (salinity 20 and 25) compared with the control group (salinity 16). High temperature stress (20℃ and 25℃) obviously increased the activities of SOD and CAT, MDA content in juvenile. While the adult under high temperature treatment showed the increase SOD and CAT activities, yet the decrease of MDA content. The results indicated that the juveniles were more tolerant to high salinity stress, less tolerant to high temperature stress than the adults. The results were opposite in adults compared with juveniles under high salinity or temperature stress. These results provide some basic data for the research on antioxidative enzyme system in other cladocerans species under environmental stress, and scientific base for the domestication and large-scale culture of Daphniopsis tibetana Sars. Related Articles | Metrics

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The community structures of phytoplankton from Lake Songya and its relationship to environmental factors in summer during the early completed period ZHANG Wei,ZHAO Feng-bing, XU Hou-tao, WANG Li-qing 2017, 34 (3):  47.  Abstract ( 311 )   PDF   Save In large landscape lake, the phytoplankton community is regulated in a distinct way from that in the other lakes or reservoirs in the process of construction. To study this dynamics, the phytoplankton and water quality in Lake Songya in Sep. 2013 and Sep. 2014 were sampled and analyzed. Until now, Lake Songya is the largest artificial lake in Hunan Province, China. The results showed that 118 species of phytoplankton belonging to 7 phyla were identified. The phytoplankton had an abundance ranging from 103×104 cells/L to 1514×104cells/L, with an average abundance of 378.5×104cells/L. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Merismopedia tenuissima, Planktolyngbya limnetica, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Chroomonas acuta, and Cryptomons erosa in Sep. 2013, and Microcystis flos-aquae, M. wesenbergii, and Coelastrum microporum in Sep. 2014, respectively. The obviously differences in phytoplankton community between the twice observations were mainly owing to the impounding process which was considered as leading the colonization of new species. Some other factors such as high nutrient concentrations, relative static hydrological conditions and lack of benthic organisms also affected the growth of cyanobacteria. For the sake of the better ecological management of Lake Songya in the future, some suggestions such as removing hygrophytes residues, aquatic macrophyte restoration and stocking zooplankton and zoobenthos were proposed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The varieties comparison testing of soybeans in southern Xinjiang LI You-zhong, ZHAN Yong, ZHANG Heng-bin, HAO Quan-you 2017, 34 (3):  53.  Abstract ( 252 )   PDF   Save Ten spring soybeans were introduced as experimental materials to study the adaptability and high yielding of the spring soybeans in TuMu Shuke region of South Xinjiang under field conditions．A randomized block design was adopted to identify the growth duration，agronomic traits and yield of these varieties to screen out the varieties which would be suitable for promotion in TuMu Shuke region of South Xinjiang．The results showed that JD-17 characterized with the shortest growth period (119 d), and there were 5 varieties with growth period less than 125 d. Seed yields of 3 varieties were higher than 3000 kg/hm2, and ZH-30 has the highest yield (3889.1 kg/hm2)．ZH-30 and FD-78 were suitable for popularization and cultivation in South Xinjiang as spring sowing soybeans． Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of the Seed Viability of Pinus dabeshanensis XIANG Xiao-yan,WU Gan-lin,DUAN Ren-yan, WANG Zhi-gao 2017, 34 (3):  57.  Abstract ( 304 )   PDF   Save The viability of Pinus dabeshanensis seeds was measured by the method of TTC. The resrults showed that 0.1% TTC was an appropriate concentration for dyeing, and after dyed for 3 h, the viability percentages of full seeds were 100%. In addition, lower temperature was appropriate for the preservation of seed viability，which was 100% until preserved for 12 months.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics research on reducing viscosity of heavy oil WU Juan, HUANG Yang, ZUO Shan-shan 2017, 34 (3):  59.  Abstract ( 280 )   PDF   Save An efficient biosurfactant-producing strain A3 was isolated from the soil of Liaohe oil field. According to the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, it was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The analysis by TLC and infrared spectrum showed that the biosurfactant produced by strain A3 belongs to glycolipid. The characteristics of biosurfactant in the viscosity reduction of heavy oil were investigated. The results showed that the dosage of biosurfactant, temperature and salinity had important effects on viscosity reduction of heavy oil. The small change in viscosity could be observed in the range of 30℃ to 50℃, and viscosity reduction rate of 85.7% could be obtained. The viscosity reduction rate of 77.1% could be obtained under the salinity of 20 g/L. Using 3.33 mg/L biosurfactant, the viscosity reduction rate of 96.7% could be obtained under 30℃ for 30 min. The biosurfactant from strain A3 is superior to chemical surfactant C16H33N(CH3)3Br in dosage, sensitivity and performance in viscosity reduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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The content and brine shrimp larvae toxicities of polysaccharide of Dendrobium moniliforme from Huoshan SI Hua-yang, CHEN Nai-fu, CHEN Nai-dong 2017, 34 (3):  64.  Abstract ( 253 )   PDF   Save In order to obtain the optimum condition of the extraction and shrimp larvae toxicities of the polysaccharide from Dendrobium moniliforme from Huohan, the effect of the extraction times, extracting time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature on the yield of the polysaccharides from the stems of D.moniliforme were investigated by single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, and shrimp larvae toxicity of the polysaccharide was evaluated by corrected mortality. The decreasing order of the four influencing factors affecting the polysaccharide yield were successively extraction temperature, extracting time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times. The orthogonal experimental results showed that the optimal condition were extraction temperature, 60℃; solid-liquid ration, 1∶ 40; extracting time, 2 h and extraction times, 3.Being administered for 4 h, 8 h and 12 h, the LD50 values of the crude were 1.03, 0.66 and 0.38 mg/mL respectively. Under this condition, the polysaccharide content was 25.24%.Remarkable shrimp larvae toxicity was showed by the polysaccharide of wilding D. moniliforme from huoshan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chromatin Remodeling and DNA Repair YANG Chun-ying 2017, 34 (3):  69.  Abstract ( 642 )   PDF   Save DNA damage can be induced by environmental toxicants and also endogenous sources such as reactive oxygen species or errors during DNA replication and metabolism. If these damage are not repaired, it will cause genome instability thus leading to cancer, aging, immune dysfunction, and neurodegenerative diseases. There are mainly four DNA repair pathways for those DNA damage, including DNA double strand break repair, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair and mismatch repair. All the repairs must be processed within the context of chromatin. Growing evidence show that nucleosome organization and chromatin structure surrounding the damage sites regulate the DNA repair machinery to access and repair the DNA damage. This article presents most recent highlights of chromatin remodeling in DNA repairs.  Related Articles | Metrics

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A brief introduction to single-particle cryo-EM of biological macromolecules ZHANG Shi-chao, OUYANG Yan, LIU Shan-hui, ZHU Li 2017, 34 (3):  74.  Abstract ( 1231 )   PDF   Save Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) emerged as a tool to study structures of biological macromolecules (especially large complexes) ~30 years ago. Recently, due to the newly development of high-resolution imaging device and image processing methods, huge improvement in resolution has been achieved by cryo-EM single particle analysis. Nowadays it is possible to establish atomic or near-atomic structure models of lots of biological macromolecules with cryo-EM 3D reconstruction. As a result of this so-called revolutionary breakthrough, cryo-EM has been developing into a mainstream technique of structural biology in the last few years. This work introduces cryo-EM single-particle analysis of biological macromolecules and the new breakthrough in brief, and the future development is discussed as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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IL-33:activation, regulation and function LIU Shan-hui, ZHANG Shi-chao, JI Shang-rong 2017, 34 (3):  78.  Abstract ( 411 )   PDF   Save IL-33, a novel member of the IL-1 family, mediates its biological effects via the ST2 receptor (also known as IL-1RL1), and initiates a type 2 immune response during cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer′s disease, cancer and obesity. IL-33 is a dual-function protein that act both as a cytokine and as an intracellular nuclear factor. Here, we review the recent advances on how IL-33 activity is regulated by proteolysis and oxidation-driven conformational change of two disulphide bonds formation, and the newly discovered roles of IL-33 in atherosclerosis, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer′s disease. IL-33 mobilizes innate immunity and acquires immunity to initiate type-2 immune response by the IL-33/ST2L pathway. Therapeutic strategy targeting IL-33 may be an effective strategy to ameliorate these diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advance in gonadotropins gene in fish LYU Shao-jin, ZHANG Tian-min, ZHAO Wen 2017, 34 (3):  82.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF   Save Gonadotropin plays an important role in the sexual maturation and ovulation of fishes. The controversy about the types of fish gonadotropins has come to an end after 1975. It is generally believed that there are two kinds of gonadotropin subunits, GTHI and GTHII, whose biochemical structure and biological characteristics are similar to those of the FSH and LH in the mammalian. Along with the gradual development of molecular biology, research on gonadotropin has been accrurd over the years. In this paper, authors first review the literature on the biological basis, including biochemical structure, physiological function and regulation mechanism and so on. The current research of molecular cloning of gonadotropins of teleost, the quantitative analysis and recombinant expression of gonadotropins in fishes were summarized. The purpose of this paper is to provide a valuable reference for the study on the physiology of aquaculture and to lay the foundation for further research on the mechanism of gonadotropins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in nuisanceless control techniques of grape gray mold KE Yang, MA Yu, ZHU Hai-yun, LI Bo, LI Yan, SUN Cha 2017, 34 (3):  87.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF   Save Grape gray mold is one of the very common and main diseases distributed on the production of grape worldwide. The disease is mainly caused by Botrytis cinerea. The study summarized the pathological features and infectious regularity of the grape gray mold pathogen. The research achievements of nuisanceless control techniques on grape gray mold were emphasized at the same time. Furthermore, the problems existed in current research and application were also discussed, which will provide references for the further research and effective control of this disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on development path of smarter agriculture in China WANG Hao,ZHU Chang-ning,XIE Jia-feng, GAO Yuan 2017, 34 (3):  92.  Abstract ( 222 )   PDF   Save The modern agriculture will promote the transformation and upgrading under the "Internet +" plan of action in our country. The smarter agriculture is a new stage of modern agricultural development. Through carding process of smarter agricultural development in our country, the smarter agricultural development environment and bottleneck was analyzed, we put forward some development paths about smarter agricultural in our country. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of pyrosequencing assay for detection of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 ZHENG Shu-cheng, WANG Qing, LI Ying-ying, ZENG Wei-wei 2017, 34 (3):  95.  Abstract ( 205 )   PDF   Save To develop one method based on pyrosequencing for high throughput, automated and rapid detection of Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), specific primer pairs for amplification and sequencing were designed that targeting conserved region of ORF55, ORF79 and ORF92 gene of CyHV-3, and the optimal primers were screened by PCR amplification. The results of sensitivity and specifity test showed the primers against ORF79 gene are the best primers for PCR amplification with the detection limit as least as 100 copies and specific for the detection of CyHV-3. The sequencing result of pyrosequencing using PCR product indicated the obtained sequence shares 100% identity with CyHV-3-U, I, J and GZ11 isolates. Therefore, this assay could be used as a new tool for the diagnosis of CyHV-3 infections on a large scale samples in ports of exit and entry due to its convenient and rapid characteristic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Different pretreatment methods for biogas slurry purification by Chlorella vulgaris SUN Zhong-liang, FENG Xue-ke,LI Dan,SUN Li-qin, SHENG Qing-kai, ZHU Chang-xiong 2017, 34 (3):  99.  Abstract ( 338 )   PDF   Save tThe component of biogas slurry is usually complex, and it is easy to breed bacteria and other microorganisms which affect the removal efficiency of pollutants in microalgae cultivation. In this study, different pretreatment methods were performed before mciroalgae cultivation in the swine biogas slurry, including autoclaving, addition of NaClO, NaCl or ammonia. The sterilizing effects of different methods as well as their influence on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris were thoroughly compared, and the PCR-DGGE was used to monitor the microbial community structure changes during the different growth periods. Results showed that the addition of NaClO could significantly reduce the amount and species of microorganisms in the biogas slurry. In the microalgae cultivation with 60% volume ratio of biogas slurry, the algae density reached 4.78×107 cells/mL, and through 7 days cultivation, the removal efficiency of TN, TP, N-NH+4 and COD(chemical oxgged demand) reached 76.9%, 46.6%, 97.1% and 72.8%, respectively. Eventually, the water quality meets the discharge standard of water pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding after the purification by Chlorella vulgaris.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive comparison of ecological environment quality of typical county in southern Anhui and northern Anhui DAI Xiao-feng,QIAN Zhen-bing,CHEN Chao,XU Sheng 2017, 34 (3):  105.  Abstract ( 224 )   PDF   Save This paper selects 10 typical counties from south and north of Huaihe river in Anhui province as the research object, adopts the technical provisions of rural environmental quality comprehensive evaluation ( trial ) as the basis of evaluation, comprehensive evaluation of the ecological status and environmental status of the county. By comprehensive comparison of the environmental quality of counties in southern Anhui and northern Anhui, the main reasons of the environmental differences in south and north are analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Contents of the last class of key lesson “biochemistry ” for undergraduate of biology ZHAO Don-gxu, XU Li-xin 2017, 34 (3):  108.  Abstract ( 252 )   PDF   Save The course of biochemistry for undergraduate was the key basic course of biological field and other relevant fields. The present paper gave some suggestions about the contents in the last class including that the life consisted of complicated bio-macro-molecules and small molecules based on the ordinary organic molecules, the high grade structure of bio-macro-molecules relied on its low grade structure, the helix structure was the main motif of bio-macro-molecules, the natural instincts of bio-macro-molecules were the power to construct its high grade structure, and consequently gave the self-organization characteristics inter molecules and the dissipative characteristics for life. The complicated structure level of bio-molecule decided its complicated level of functions, the complex of bio-super-molecules was the main form while functioning, the functioning process of bio-molecules was the interaction or recognition among the molecules, and the results from the interaction and life process obeyed the "butterfly effect". At present, the characteristic of life was elucidated with using the knowledge of molecular biology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of Problem-based learning method in teaching AIDS LI Zhi-dong 2017, 34 (3):  115.  Abstract ( 300 )   PDF   Save Problem-based learning(PBL) includes four aspects: writing cases, submitting questions, combing intellectual points, and organizing teaching activities. In this study, cases were compiled according to the patient′s conditions, and then questions were raised and core knowledge was sorted out. Different PBL methods were used in class and comprehensive evaluation was implemented by both teachers and students to find out the better one. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on instructional design of botany course of normal  university based on profession orientation GONG Hong-dong 2017, 34 (3):  119.  Abstract ( 262 )   PDF   Save In this paper, the cultivation of qualified middle school biology teachers as the orientation was taken into consideration. Through the analysis and research of the national program documents of middle school biology teachers cultivate and biology curriculum standard of middle school, combined with the current practice of botany course of normal university from three aspects of teaching objective, teaching content and learning method, the paper put forward suggestions on the instructional design of botany course to provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the comprehensive improvement of the teaching quality and the cultivation of biology teachers in middle school. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation experiment design of "gene chip" XIE Yu, YI Wen-qi, JIANG Qiong, PENG Ling 2017, 34 (3):  123.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF   Save A set of simulation gene chip system was designed and made in order to help students deeply understand the principle of gene chip technology and learn the operation processes. This system can simulate chip hybridization and scanning as well as the results of determination processes. Laboratories equipped with common liquid transfer devices can use this system for the experimental teaching of gene chip, so that each student has the opportunity to experience the operation of gene chip experiment. This design enabled students to deeply understand the principles and processes of gene chip, and in turn the teaching effects were greatly improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice on the teaching reform of professional English for biology in local undergraduate university HAN Li-min, LI Jing-qi, SUN Xiao-dong 2017, 34 (3):  126.  Abstract ( 217 )   PDF   Save Professional English for biology is a very practical course, which is conducive to the cultivation and improvement of students′ practical application and innovation ability. In this paper, we established the teaching objectives and analyzed the teaching present situation of the course. Combining with teaching practice, we carried on the exploration and practice of teaching reform from teaching materials selection, teaching contents, teaching methods and teaching feedback, etc. Related Articles | Metrics