Table of Content

18 April 2017, Volume 34 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Chinese microalgal industry in the thirteen fifth plan: Cope in a big healthy industry, fusion with a large aquatic industry QIN Song,CHEN Jun,WU Ke,CAI Jing-min,GUAN Jing-xiang 2017, 34 (2):  1.  Abstract ( 381 )   PDF   Save This study shows the development achievements of microalgal industry from microalgal species and strains resources protection, large scale cultivation, harvesting and the application on human nutritional products, animal feeds and baits, CO2 capture and utilization, algal blooms control and other aspects in our country. Meanwhile, it showed the information of the 1st General Meeting and the 2nd Academic Symposium of Chinese Algae Industry Association Microalgae Branch were held in Hefei during 18-20, May, 2016. At last, we made suggestions about important issues on developments of microalgal industry during the thirteenth five-year plan in China we should focus on. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on microalgae breeding ＦＡＮ Ｙong,ＨＵ Ｇuang-rong,ＷＡＮＧ Ｌi-juan,ＬＩ Ｆu-li 2017, 34 (2):  3.  Abstract ( 423 )   PDF   Save Microalgae is a unicellular photosynthetic autotrophic organism that widely distributes in nature as a primary producer. For half a century, microalgae has been used in food and medicine, renewable energy production, environmental protection and so on. In order to improve productivity or robustness, microalgae breeding technology has been developed significantly. The breeding of microalgae mainly includes two aspects: mutant acquisition and phenotypic detection. The mutants can be obtained through three ways: natural breeding, mutation breeding, and genetic engineering breeding. A variety of advanced breeding methods, including gene editing method CRISPR, have been gradually adopted in microalgae. High-throughput screening based on microalgae photosynthetic system, natural product spectra, and fluorescent labelling greatly facilitate the development of microalgae breeding. In this paper, microalgae breeding technologies are reviewed, and the future direction of microalgae breeding is discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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30-year′s footprint and process of microalgal development in China LIU Jian-guo,XU Ran 2017, 34 (2):  9.  Abstract ( 316 )   PDF   Save  The 30-year progressive history of microalgal industry in China covering every aspects of the bioresource exploitation and utilization including the change of cultivation modes, equipment innovation, cell cycle regulation, growth optimization, contamination and pollution control, germplasm screening, and industrial system construction as well as the practitioner team training was brief reviewed. Meanwhile, the crucial problems encountered the microalgal mass cultivation, some key techniques and the possible solving strategies were then discussed. Further developing trend of Chinese microalgal industry was also prospected, using the new developed Haematococcus cultivation model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and application of advanced microalgae diet for shellfish culture based on the lipid composition CHEN Wen-bi,XU Ji-lin,ZHOU Chen-xu,YAN Xiao-jun 2017, 34 (2):  16.  Abstract ( 259 )   PDF   Save Microalgal diet is the key factor in shellfish growth and breeding. To gain a thorough knowledge of the effect of microalgal diets on the growth of early life stages of bivalves, liquid chromatograph - mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analytical method about high-sensitivity and high-definition of structure information for microalgae and shellfish was established, and a breeding mode with selective feeding of different microalgae bait according to different shellfish at different development stages was also built. Many unicellular microalgae were isolated and purified from natural water. Eventually, two microalgal species (3 strains) with high efficient bait effects on shellfish juvenile at different stages were screened out based on the lipid composition and the actual effect of lipid nutrients bait, which filled the gap of feed supply for shellfish breeding in rainy season. Meanwhile, high-throughput and continuous supply of microalgal diets for larger juveniles had been realized.  Related Articles | Metrics

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EEM fluorescence study of the degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa contents caused by dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment LI La-mei, ZHANG Hong, HUANG Qing 2017, 34 (2):  21.  Abstract ( 234 )   PDF   Save Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are now considered to be a common global environmental problem, and the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms are so increasing that they have posed an imminent threat to drinking water sources. In this work, we reported our recent progress in dealing with the toxic and harmful Microcystic aeruginosa using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma. We investigated the processes of both algal cellular damage and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) degradation caused by DBD treatment. The excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy combined with fluorescence regional integration technique (FRI) was employed to monitor the dynamic changes of algal cell inclusion substances including phycocyanin, chlorophyll and metabolites during the treatment, which provided the quantitative evaluation as also checked and confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that algal cellular inclusions were first released into the extracellular environment, and then degraded gradually during the DBD treatment; in particular, the cyanobacterial toxin MC-LR released from algae cells during DBD treatment could eventually be completely degraded and removed. This work therefore not only demonstrates that nonthermal DBD plasma can effectively inactivate algae cells with simultaneous removal of microcystins, but also suggests that EEMs as a rapid real-time analysis method can be very useful for revealing the plasma-induced processes of algae cell damage and microcystin degradation as well as their underlying mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and prospects of microalgae harvesting with biological flocculation FAN Hua, HAN Pei, WANG Jing-han,LI Kun1, LI Jun, ZHOU Wen-guang 2017, 34 (2):  26.  Abstract ( 514 )   PDF   Save Microalgae are important photosynthetic microorganisms playing important roles in energy conversion and carbon cycle. At present, algae biotechnology is mainly used in carbon fixation and pollution control, production of bio-energy, food, medicine, feed, and other value-added by-products, etc. However, there are still many technical bottlenecks need to be addressed such as energy-intensive microalgae harvesting, which is one of the main obstacles that hinders microalgae industry. Traditional harvesting methods such as sedimentation, filtration, and centrifugation are either of low efficiency or high cost for microalgae harvesting due to low concentration in medium and the relatively small size of microalgal cells. Biological flocculation method, mediated through flocculating algae, fungi, bacteria and/or microbial flocculants extracted from microorganisms, is considered as one of the most promising techniques for algae harvesting due to advantages of high safety, high recovery efficiency, low fundamental investment， low operating energy consumption, and no secondary pollution to the environment, etc. This paper critically reviewed different microalgae harvesting methods with particular focus on the current status and prospects of biological flocculation. Related Articles | Metrics

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easurement of chlorophyll in water using lock-in amplifier GAO Xian-he,SHI Chao-yi 2017, 34 (2):  33.  Abstract ( 269 )   PDF   Save Accurate measurement of algae concentration is important for prevention and treatment of algal bloom, which may seriously affect the fishery production and residents' health and safety.Measurement of chlorophyll a concentration using chlorophyll fluorescence is an effective means to reflect the algae concentration. The fluorescence is very weak and is susceptible to ambient light, so a lock-in amplifier was employed to measure the fluorescence. LED was used as excitation light source, PIN detector was employed for fluorescence detection, and a lock-in amplifier was designed based on AD630. Anabaena of 10 concentration gradients between 0-100 μg/L was used for system testing, and the measurement results showed that the correlation coefficient of the measured value and the actual concentration of chlorophyll a is 0.99815. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of CO I gene complete sequence and phylogenetic analysis in eight kinds of economic abalone WANG Li-shan, XUE Yan-jie, FANG Sha-sha, LIU Xiao 2017, 34 (2):  36.  Abstract ( 272 )   PDF   Save In order to study the phylogenetic relationships of eight species of abalone in different geographical populations, and to provide molecular biological basis for the identification of the species and the genetic breeding of abalone, this study used 8 kinds of abalone as the experimental materials. The whole sequences of 8 CO I genes were obtained by PCR amplification technique, the other 10 were found from GenBank. Through comparative analysis, it was found that the total length of CO I gene was 1542 bp, which encoded 513 amino acids, and the content of A + T was more than G + C. There were 526 mutation sites, and the mutation rate was 34.11%, while the variation rate of amino acid was 7.8%. From the analysis of genetic distance, it was found that the genetic distance of the same species was less than 0.010. The average genetic distance among different species of abalone was between 0.159-0.196. The phylogenetic tree was constructed to get the following conclusions. Abalone genetic evolution was affected by the influence of geographical distribution, but there was no obvious geographical distribution characteristic between different abalone; and Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis fulgens, which were distributed in the Americas, had a close relationship with Haliotis discus hannai distributing in Asia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of erα, erβ1 and erβ2 genes from Scatophagus argus LI Hong, ZHANG Jin-peng, LIAN Ying, ZHANG Jun-bin 2017, 34 (2):  40.  Abstract ( 238 )   PDF   Save Three estrogen receptors (erα, erβ1 and erβ2) of Scatophagus argus were cloned in this study. The lengths of erα, erβ1 and erβ2 were 2621 bp, 2891 bp and 2410 bp, respectinvely, encoding of 635, 560 and 657 arnino avids, corespondingly. The similarity analysis of amino acid sequences showed that ERα， ERβ1 and ERβ2 of Scatophagus argus shared the highest similarity with Dicentrarchus labrax, Acanthopagrus schlegelii and Micropterus salmoides, and the similarity was 91.7%, 89.9% and 88.4%, respectively. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that ERα and ERβ1 were mainly expressed in hypophysis, brain and testis. The high expression of erβ2 was found in the liver, hypophysis and testis, while low expression was found in other tissues. erα expression was higher than erβ1 and erβ2 in these tissues of brain, hypophysis and gonad, but the erβ2 expression in liver was higher contrary to erα. Results of Real-time PCR showed that erα expression significantly increased in sperm maturation period, but erβ1 and erβ2 had highest expression in the early development in testis. In the ovary, estrogen receptor of Scatophagus argus was mainly expressed in oogonium and oocyte with full of yolk. These results demonstrated that the three estrogen receptors have important functions in the development of testis and ovary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of anti-tumor immunity elicited by peptides complex- heat shock protein 70 and alpha-fetoprotein epitope peptide XU Bing, WANG Qiao-xia, WANG Xiao-ping, LIN Huan-ping,MA Xiao-jun, ZHANG Peng-fei, ZHAO Qian, ZHANG Ke-pei 2017, 34 (2):  46.  Abstract ( 251 )   PDF   Save To study anti-tumor immunity mechanism induced by a reconstructed peptide complex-heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), mice were immunized with recombinant peptide vaccine HSP70-AFP-P, whereas AFP peptide or HSP70 vaccination as controls. IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme-B, perforin-produced by separated CD8+ T cells from vaccinated mice were detected with ELISA, respectively. In vivo tumor loaded test was exerted to evaluate the immune effect of the peptide vaccine. The study suggested that sequential immunization with HSP70-AFP peptide vaccine could bring about effective AFP-specific CD8+ T cell responses and elicit specific antitumor immunity on AFP-producing tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pre-filtering pore-size significantly on the results of the analysis of planktonic bacterial communities HUANG Lei, WANG Xin, QIU Qian-linglin, ZHANG Hua-jun,YAO Zhi-yuan, ZHANG De-min 2017, 34 (2):  50.  Abstract ( 330 )   PDF   Save To study the effect of different pre-filtering pore-size on planktonic bacterial community compositions (BCCs), BCCs collected by three filtering methods (10 μm pre-filtering, 2 μm pre-filtering, and without pre-filtering) were compared through high-throughput sequencing. The result showed that BCCs were similar between 10 μm pre-filtering (PF10) and 2 μm pre-filtering (PF2), while they were significantly different with those without filtering (PF100). The alpha diversity of PF100 samples was the highest among all the treatments. Compared with PF10 and PF2, the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria were significantly higher in PF100 samples (P < 0.05), while those of Alphaproteobacteria, GN02 and OD1 were lower. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis indicated that 12 families cumulatively contributed to 63.45% dissimilarity of the BCCs. In conclusion, the different pre-filtering pore-size could induce the bias of planktonic bacterial community structure. The results have an important guiding significance in selecting the planktonic bacteria filtration method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative the habitat used by giant pandas and man-made forest LI Shuang, KANG Dong-wei, SONG Guo-hua, LI Jun-qing 2017, 34 (2):  55.  Abstract ( 241 )   PDF   Save Based on the field survey in Xiaohegou Nature Reserve, the difference between the habitat used by giant panda and man-made forest was studied. The results showed that 6 variables differed significantly between the habitat used by giant panda and man-made forest, they were canopy, shrub coverage, bamboo coverage, tree density, shrub density and bamboo density, respectively (P < 0.05). The discriminant equation composed of tree density, shrub density and bamboo density had a correct prediction rate of 98.15%. Compared with the giant panda habitat, the man-made forest was characterized by higher bamboo density, but lower in shrub and bamboo density. The man-made forest was not easy to fulfill the habitat requirements of giant panda. These results could provide important references for the restoration of the giant panda habitat. Related Articles | Metrics

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Seasonal variations and sources of particulate and dissolved organic carbon in Tangxihe River ZHANG Jin-liu, BAO Xiang, CAI Jing-min, WU Ke, YU Zhi-min, JIN Jie 2017, 34 (2):  58.  Abstract ( 304 )   PDF   Save Based on the survey data of particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in Tangxi River from July 2014 to June 2015, its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics were studied, and the source of POC was analyzed combined with correlation of POC, DOC, TOC, POC and C/N. The results showed that DOC annual average mass concentration in Tangxi River water range was between 2.53-3.91 mg/L, DOC accounted for more than 60% of total organic carbon, POC mass concentration ranged from 1.62 to 2.53 mg/L. In the spatial distribution, the DOC concentration annual average value increased gradually from 1# to 5# sampling site, the POC concentration average value changed slightly at each sampling site. In the temporal distribution, DOC and POC concentrations were higher in summer than that in spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. Result showed that the concentrations of DOC and POC changed in each season. Related Articles | Metrics

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The impact of biochar on mung bean growth and soil physicochemical properties of sandy soil WU Meng-juan, WANG Gui-jun, XU Zhen-wen, ZHANG Wen-xiang 2017, 34 (2):  63.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF   Save Through desertification of soil research on physical and chemical properties and mung beans grow Da′an in the west of Jilin province, the influence of the biochar on desertification soil physical and chemical properties and plant was analyzed, and the amelioration of biochar on desertification soil was also discussed. The results showed that biochar had obvious influence on desertification of soil organic matter content, pH value and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. At the same time, it could improve the water content of mung bean seedlings and promote the growth of its seedlings.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of Ulva pertusa Kjellman spores ZHANG Zhi-hua, CAI Heng-jiang, ZHANG Jun-xin, CHEN Guan-bin 2017, 34 (2):  68.  Abstract ( 323 )   PDF   Save The effects of UV-B radiation on the growth of Ulva pertusa Kjellman spores were studied by experimental ecological methods. The results showed that the growth morphology of Ulva pertusa Kjellman spores was mainly rod shape and tadpole shape. The percentage of rod shape was 90.68%±2.50%. UV-B radiation could inhibit the growth of Ulva pertusa Kjellman spores, and the growth inhibition was more significant with the increased doses of UV-B radiation treatment. On the day 30, Ulva pertusa Kjellman seedling had emerged death under UV-B radiation, and the death rate was increased with the increased doses of UV-B radiation treatment. The chlorophyll a contents of Ulva pertusa Kjellman seedling were significantly decreased, while MDA contents were increased by UV-B radiation. Therefore, the reasons of Ulva pertusa Kjellman seedling growth inhibition and death were cell division, chlorophyll and cell membrane system damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the policies mechanism of IPR protection′s influence on the innovation intent of transgenic crops breeding WANG Yu, SHEN Wen-xing 2017, 34 (2):  72.  Abstract ( 216 )   PDF   Save The innovation process of transgenic crops breeding is synthetically affected by innovation organization, market demands and government policies, among which intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is one of the most crucial factors. Based on the innovation intent for transgenic crops breeding, this paper gave an insight to the present status of transgenic crops breeding in China and also, it conducted a research on the influences of IPR protection leading to transgenic crops breeding through questionnaire surveys and data analysis. Results indicated that IPR protection showed varying degree′s effects upon the intent of R&D investment, Plant Variety Right application and market promotion as well. Related Articles | Metrics

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The origin and evolution of animal reproductive strategy-for example of Kunmingella douvillei from the Chengjiang Lagersttte DUAN Yan-hong 2017, 34 (2):  77.  Abstract ( 440 )   PDF   Save The Bivalved bradoriid arthropod Kunmingella douvillei is one of the most species from the Chengjiang Lagersttte in the Lower Cambrian. Kunmingella douvillei of newly discovered egg-bearing showed that animals appeared reproductive strategy of incubation and K-selection strategy in ecology in the Cambrian from 520 million years ago. It is response to soft clay base of the Cambrian Marine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of regulation of melatonin on the physiological functions of crustaceans HUANG Gen-yong, ZHANG Jia-xin, XU Min-jie, YANG Zhi-gang, CHENG Yong-xu, YANG Xiao-zhen 2017, 34 (2):  82.  Abstract ( 261 )   PDF   Save Melatonin is a kind of neuroendocrine hormone, which has a wide range of physiological effects. The synthesis and metabolism of melatonin in vivo were described in this paper. In addition, regulation of melatonin was reviewed, including maintaining glucose homeostasis, regulating activities, reproduction, antioxidant properties, molting and limb regeneration and circadian rhythm. Based on the above, some theoretical data were proposed for the future study of the mechanism about the effect of melatonin on the physiological function of crustaceans Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on transcriptome of plants under stresses ZHANG Chun, TANG Cheng-chen, WANG Ji-yong, GUO Long-mei, WANG Li-li, LI Wan-kui 2017, 34 (2):  86.  Abstract ( 495 )   PDF   Save Adversity stress is one of the important factors restricting plants′ growth and development, and exploring the molecular mechanism of plants′ response to adversity stress is an important subject for a long time. With the completion of the sequencing of model plant genome, botany research has also entered the functional genomics era. As an important aspect and new field of study on functional genomics, transcriptomics benefits human beings from understanding the response mechanism of plants to environmental stresses at transcriptional level. This study introduced the application of transcriptome in a series of abiotic stress like plants′ response to drought, temperature, salt, heavy metal as well as a series of biological stress such as pathogen violations, and then evaluated the advantages and limitations of transcriptome technology in plant resistance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution and community characteristics of Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus and countermeasures of in situ conservation ZHU Si-yu, ZONG Xue, ZHANG Ling, LI Jing, LEI Ting 2017, 34 (2):  91.  Abstract ( 270 )   PDF   Save Beijing suburbs wetlands are single and interfered greatly by human activities， thus some plants reduced or suffered distribution atrophy and would become endangered species. This article is based on the analysis about the distribution characteristics and interspecific association of the communities of Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus in Beijing wetlands， putting forward some measures and suggestions about the situ~conservation activities as a reference combining transect method with sampling method in Beijing wetlands. The investigations and records of the plants in the quadrats included name， quantity， average height and coverage and so on. It calculates the important values of Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus in the quadrats which are so important value as the basis. Then it made a comparison and variance analysis about the changes of the important values of Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus in Beijing wetlands at 2003-2005 and 2007-2009 and analyzed the difference and significance between those different data. It made the measure about the interspecific association of the community of Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus through the method of coupling coefficient AC and chi~square and analyzed the associativity between these two species and the other species in the community. The relation between the species like Mongolia Artemisia， sticktight and Glycine soja or Butomus umbellatus in the community was positive association while the the relation between the species like Bidens Tripartita，sticktight， duckweed and Glycine soja in the community was negative association. The relation between the species like Rhizoma alismatis，hornwort，Malay Pondweed and Butomus umbellatus in the community was positive association. The positive association species of the higher degree of correlation were highly significant correlation in the χ2 test， showing the consistence with the χ2 test. We got the conclusion that there are a lot of interferences and threats which the Glycine soja and Butomus umbellatus in Beijing wetlands facing such as the environmental degereration and so on. There are some feasible countermeasures such as improvement of water quality， recovery of degraded wetland， conservations of the auxiliary species and controlling the population of the competitive species put forward in the paper as references . Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and culture of skin fibroblasts in Guangxi Bama mini-pig ZHANG Da-peng， LI Yue-min， LI Nan， QIU Xiao-yan， YANG Bo， XIAO Xiong 2017, 34 (2):  99.  Abstract ( 320 )   PDF   Save In order to screen appropriate methods for the isolation and culture of the skin fibroblasts from Guangxi Bama mini-pig, five enzyme digestion methods and a tissue culture method were compared in the isolation of fibroblasts of skins from different parts of mini-pig including ear, leg, abdomen, back, and tail . The results indicated that the density of fibroblasts isolated with enzyme digestion methodⅠwas significantly higher than that in other treatment groups (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the cell death rates between fibroblasts from the shin treated with enzyme digestion methodⅠand that with enzyme digestion method Ⅳ (P>0.05), but the cell death rates in those two treatment groups were significantly lower than that in other groups, respectively (P<0.05). Fibroblast could be isolated from the thawed ear shin tissues after frozen for 10 days with enzyme digestion methodⅠ, but the density of fibroblasts and their survival rate were significantly lower than that from the fresh ear shin tissues with the same method (p<0.01). The cell confluency rate of fibroblasts would not reach to about 100% until being cultured for 12 days. Compared to other parts of mini-pig, ear skin was more suitable to isolate the fibroblasts, because the density of fibroblasts isolated from ear skin tissues was significantly higher than that from other parts of mini-pig (P<0.05), and the attachment and growth of those fibroblasts were very well. Ear skin fibroblasts were able be passaged up to more than passage 10, but the viability of cells at passage 3 to 4 was higher than that of cells at other passage. The cell growth curve of ear skin fibroblasts at passage 3 was a typical "S" shape. Therefore, it is better to isolate the fibroblasts from the ear skin of Guangxi Bama mini-pig with the digestion of 0.25% trypsase and 0.04% EDTA for 30 min, follow by 0.2% collagenase for 30 min. Related Articles | Metrics

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Electron microscopic observation of artificial infection of theront of Cryptocaryon irritans in vitro SHEN Chen, ZHOU Min-xi, ZHOU Su-ming, WANG Guo-liang 2017, 34 (2):  104.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF   Save Cryptocaryon irritans theront stage development characteristics were examined by observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tomont in each period collected from the diseased Pseudosciaena crocea, and the strains were maintained in experimentally infecting Pseudosciaena crocea from which the sample used for ultrastructural observation was collected. The result of observing different stages of theront off the tomont by electron microscope and light microscope showed: theront off the tomont after 0-4 h, ciliary body of the worm body was more dense and the cell structure was complete, swimming quickly in culture fluid; theront off the tomont after 8-16 h, Cryptocaryon irritans larvae significantly reduced the long diameter and the number of its body cilia, with thin cytoplasm, swimming slowly; theront off the tomont after 20-24 h, the larvae body cilia was few. And the larvae were nonmoving, sinking to the bottom. Meanwhile, the cell shapes of teardrop changed into the irregular and begain apoptosis, the cell size in a serious recession significantly, with long diameter of only 10 μm around. In this study, the morphological and structural characterization changes of the larvae in different periods are associated with the process of the loss of infectivity, reflecting the main reason that the influences on infectivity of Cryptocaryon irritans is energy attenuation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rejuvenation and preventing degradation of filamentous fungi by adding exogenous amino acids 2017, 34 (2):  108.  Abstract ( 321 )   PDF   Save Culture degeneration of filamentous fungi frequently occurs, i.e. the reduction or complete loss of the abilities of sporulation, virulence and pigments and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, leading to great losses of fungal economic values. Existing rejuvenation method is for filamentous fungi too time-consuming, so in this study through the added amino acids, we implement a simple economic recovery or prevent the degradation of filamentous fungi. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of comparative method to teach biostatistical experiment course XING Guang-nan， GUAN Rong-zhan， ZHAO Tuan-jie， GAI Jun-yi 2017, 34 (2):  112.  Abstract ( 249 )   PDF   Save Biostatistics is an important and basic course for undergraduate students specializing in life science and agronomy. With the decreasing number of theoretical class hours, the corresponding experimental course must be added to intensify biostatistical teaching. Biostatistical experiment course needs to teach the basics of SAS programming with a combination of statistical methods to solve practical problems in scientific research and application. The issues confronting biostatistical experiment course are less number of teaching hours, along with more content. In this article, the application of comparative method in teaching biological experiment was discussed and the actual teaching cases were designed. These include the comparison of different formats of data table and SAS data set, the calculation results obtained from theory formula and SAS software, different parameters from the same SAS program, various results using similar SAS programs and multiple solutions to one problem. The results showed that comparative analysis can be used for teaching biostatistical experiment with promising teaching effects and enhancing the student′s interest. Related Articles | Metrics

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"Level-up" teaching design on human chromosome karyotype analysis ZHAO Xiao-rong， XIE Wen-mei 2017, 34 (2):  116.  Abstract ( 241 )   PDF   Save Human chromosome karyotype analysis is one of the most important technology in prenatal and genetic disease diagnosis, widely used in clinic, so it is significant to students′ practical skills in medical genetics course. In our open laboratory construction, a comprehensive teaching design on human chromosome karyotype analysis was explored, and "level-up" experimental learning was used into intensive training among students. This practice method showed a great of achievements to stimulate students′ learning interest and develop clinical application and innovation ability and it might give a new teaching reform direction about comprehensive design experiment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety education and management strategy in biomedical laboratory WU Jia-wen 2017, 34 (2):  120.  Abstract ( 236 )   PDF   Save Biomedical laboratories are essential in universities or colleges of China, which are the basic equipments for acquiring scientific research achievements. In order to strengthen the safety education in the biomedical laboratories, the safety knowledge for biomedical research was widely introduced. The implementation of multi-level safety knowledge training system, mandatory access system and the management at all levels could provide guarantee for the health and safety of researchers at biomedical laboratories. Related Articles | Metrics

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On teaching the course of ecological geology based on the background of the strategy of “the great geology” LIU Bing-xiang, LI Yu-cheng, SUN Bing-hua, AN Yan-fei, ZHANG Xue-sheng, ZHENG Liu-gen 2017, 34 (2):  124.  Abstract ( 352 )   PDF   Save "Ecological geology" is a novel branch of geology, which mainly focused on the exploration of the ecological functions of the lithosphere, the regularities of their formation and the spatial and temporal alteration under the influence of natural and anthropogenic activity. Obviously, its course contents are closely related to the current industry needs under the background of the strategy of "the great geology". On these grounds, taking the geology major from our university for example, this paper presented a systematic summary and deep analysis of the course background, the course introduction, the teaching content and method for theory and practice, the construction of teaching staff, as well as examination methods of ecological geology. Through this study, we could communicate with the related teachers from other geological colleges and promote the perfection of knowledge system jointly, as well as improve the teaching quality of ecological geology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the teaching model of “storage and transportation science of horticultural products” HENG Wei 2017, 34 (2):  128.  Abstract ( 240 )   PDF   Save To enhance the innovation capacity and improve the teaching quality of Chinese universities, the new teaching models and the reasonable evaluation system were explored to solve some problems during the teaching of "storage and transportation science of horticultural products". This reformed teaching model could improve the ability of students′ knowledge acquisition and innovation independently. Related Articles | Metrics