Table of Content

18 December 2015, Volume 32 Issue 6    Next Issue

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Transcription Factor PtrWRKY25 from Populus trichocarpa YIN Jia, ZHOU Dangwei 2015, 32 (6):  1-5.  Abstract ( 244 )   PDF   Save A complete fragment representing the PtrWRKY25 (Potri.007G078200.1), was isolated from Populus trichocarpa. by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR). Displaying significant similarity with other WRKY factors in Arabidopsis’s AtWRKY12, Vitis vinifera’s VvWRKY2 and Medicago truncatula’s MtSTP gene. The expression profiles of PtrWRKY25 showed the highest transcript level in stem and relatively low level in phloem and xylem. Plant tissue sections between phloroglucinol staining found PtrWRKY25 transgenic lines compared with wild-type secondary wall is also a decreasing trend. To investigate the in vivo function, PtrWRKY25 was expressed under control of the CaMV35S promoter in Populus trichocarpa. by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. About 1 time lower accumulation of lignin was detedted in transgenic plants harboring PtrWRKY25, coincide with the toluidine blue staining of stem. Our findings suggested that PtrWRKY25 might play more important roles in biosynthesis of lignin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intra-species variation of 16S rRNA gene copy number within Vibrio harveyi ZHENG Jia-lai, YAN Yong-wei, TANG Shu, YANG Kun-jie, LI Chang-hong, WANG Kai, ZHANG De-min 2015, 32 (6):  6.  Abstract ( 317 )   PDF   Save This study aims to determine intra-genomic 16S rRNA gene copy number of Vibrioharveyi strains by a method of fluorescent quantitative PCR. Vibrio strains were identified by multilocussequence analysis based on 16S rDNA, pyrH, rpoA and recA. A standard plasmid, harboring fragments of 16S rDNA and the single copy gene gyrB from V. harveyi type strain, was constructed. A fluorescent quantitative method was established and used to determine the intra-genomic 16S rRNA gene copy number of the tested 6 strains, the type strains of V. harveyi and V. harvei ATCC BAA-1116 as a reference, whose 16S rRNA gene copy number is well known. All the 6 tested Vibrio strains were identified as V. harveyi. The copy number of 16S rRNA gene in strain ATCC BAA-1116 was 11, consistent with the known values. The copy numbers of strain MCCC 1H00031T, SXB-C, SCB-4, NBV00029, NBV00035, NBV00039 and NBV00269 were 9, 12, 13, 12, 11, 13 and 9, respectively. Fluorescent quantitative PCR method is a simple and reliable for determining 16S rRNA gene copy number within genome. Intra-species variation of 16S rRNA gene copy number within V. harveyi might be of ecological significance for their adaptation to fluctuant coastal niches. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of mstn in Scomberomorus niphonius SHI Jun-xin, XUE Liang-yi,HUANG Hong-li,ZHENG Chun-jing 2015, 32 (6):  12.  Abstract ( 310 )   PDF   Save Scomberomorus niphonius is widely distributed in China’s coastal area. It is a kind of migratory species and has been a very important part in China’s fishery catches till now. mstn has attracted the attention of large numbers of researchers since its important effect on muscle growth. Homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) were employed to clone mstn of S. niphonius, and its structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationship were also analyzed in this paper. The length of cloned mstn was 3870bp, including 1131bp of 3 exons and 1201bp of 2 introns. ExonⅠ, intronⅠ, exonⅡ, intronⅡ and exonⅢ were 379bp, 374bp, 371bp, 827bp, and 381bp, respectively. 5’UTR and 3’UTR were 108bp and 1430bp, respectively. A polyA signal AATAAA was found in 3’UTR. The whole sequences encoded 376 amino acids, containing a putative signal peptide (1aa~22aa), a TGF-β propeptide domain (37aa~257aa) and a TGF-β functional domain (282aa~376aa). Two microsatellites were found, (CA)5 in intronⅡ and (CA)10TG(CA)6CT(CA)10 in 3’UTR. The similar microsatellites were also found in other fishes, which suggested that these regions might have some special functions. The common domains of vertebrate MSTNs were found in S. niphonius MSTN, including a conservative hydrolytic site (RARR) and 9 cysteine residues. The phylogeny analysis showed that the relationship between S. niphonius and Siniperca chuatsi was the closest, and S. niphonius grouped into the same branch with other Percomorpha fishes. mstn expressions in different tissues were examined by qPCR, and β-actin was employed as housekeeping gene. qPCR results showed that mstn transcriptional level varied among different tissues in two years old S. niphonius, with a high expression in gill, liver and kidney, and a low expression in muscle, intestine, stomach, spleen and gonad. These results provided useful information for the study of the molecular mechanism of S. niphonius muscle growth and development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular detection of Capillaria by the eggs from hooded crane faecals using real-time fluorescence PCR LI Bo，ZHOU Lizhi 2015, 32 (6):  20.  Abstract ( 299 )   PDF   Save Since the parasite infection becomes a focused issue in the research of endangered waterbirds’ conservation, it is urgent to get a simple, rapid and accurate method for parasite examin. The parasite eggs were separated from faecal samples, and treated the eggs by liquid nitrogen / 85℃ water bath, ultrasonication, and cracking fluid digestion, respectively, then detected the different effects using quantitative Realtime PCR. The method used was very well to detect Capillaria by the eggs from Hooded Crane faecals using real-time fluorescence PCR. The results showed cracking fluid digestion had the best effect, this method made the eggs to meet the need of molecular detection by one step pretreatment, providing stable and sensitive detection results with simple and efficient processes. It offered a reliable molecular detection for Capillaria, and also provided a convenient way for detection of the parasitic infection in endangered wild bird species. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of Larimichthys crocea based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences in three cultured populations SHEN jing-yi，XUE liang-yi，SHEN wei-liang，HE meng-meng 2015, 32 (6):  30.  Abstract ( 282 )   PDF   Save Genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA control regions of three cultured Larimichthys crocea populations, common Min-yue(PM), Dai-qu(DQ) and "Min-you1"(MYOU), were analyzed by DNA sequencing technology. The results showed that the D-loop sequence length of the 98 individuals ranged from 785 to 799bp. The total number of haplotypes was 48, in which 18 were in both common Min-yue and "Min-you1" , and 17 in Dai-qu. The effective numbers of polymorphic loci were 167, and insertion/deletion loci were 39 in three populations. The average of convert/transversion is 6.33. Although the average number of haploid type diversity (Hd) was 0.8026, the nucleotide diversity (π) remains low. The π volumes of three populations, PM, DQ and MYOU, were 0.01468, 0.00266 and 0.01208, respectively, and the average number of π was 0.00981. The results indicated that the genetic diversity of DQ population is far lower than PM .It was suggested that the effect of selection on genetic diversity should be taken care. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Different Stocking Densities and Diets on growth and survival of Eriocheir sinensis in Larval Stages YANG zhi-gang1, LIU Qi-bin1, YAO Qin-qin1, Yang Qing1, WANG Jian-yi1, CHENG Yong-xu1, YANG Xiao-zhen1, GE Yong-chun2 2015, 32 (6):  34.  Abstract ( 436 )   PDF   Save Effects of stocking densities and diets on growth and survival of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during its larval stages(C1-C3) were tested under laboratory conditions. Four stocking densities D1 (75 ind/m2)、D2 (150 ind/ m2)、D3 (300 ind/ m2) and D4 (450 ind/ m2) were designed. The results shows that the body weight obtained the highest value in D2, and was significantly higher than D3 and D4 in C1 and C2 satges(p＜0.05). Survival rate declined significantly with the increasing larval stages, and obtained the highest result in D1 and D2, followed by D3 and D4. In addition, the relative contents of HUFA and n-3PUFA in C1 stage reared with lower stocking densities D1 and D2 are significantly higher than D3 and D4 (p＜0.05). As to dites experiment, larval crab fed with formula diet obtained highest body weight compared to mixed diet and live diet, especially in C1 and C3 stages(p＜0.05). Survival rate reached the highest in F1 , followed by F2 and F3 and larva crabs fed woth live diet obtained the lowest survival rate in C2 and C3 stages(p＜0.05). The relative content of total lipid was the lowest in larval crabs fed with live diet, which was the same variation trend as HUFA, n-3PUFA and n-6PUFA(p＜0.05). The results proved that stocking densities and diets had significant effects on growth and survival in larval stages, which may provide some basic information to improve the production of larval mitten crabs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Zooplankton seasonal variation and distribution characteristics in Yangshan port JIANG Jian-fei, Wang Qiong, LIU Gui-qun, GONG En-hao, Xue Jun-zeng, WU Hui-xian 2015, 32 (6):  40.  Abstract ( 418 )   PDF   Save A zooplankton seasonal variation investigation was made in Yangshan Port channel. Zooplankton density was the highest in summer. Spring biological density was fall slightly higher. There were 6 dominant species in result. One of the species Limnoithona tetraspina was the dominant species throughout the year. And it was the most obvious in winter(Y=0.48), the least obvious in summer(Y=0.04). The Acartia clausi was the dominant species in spring, autumn and winter. The Acartia pacifica was the dominant species in summer and autumn. The Paracalanus aculeatus was the dominant species in summer, autumn and winter. The Sabellaria was the only dominant species in spring. And the Paracalanus parvus was the only dominant species in autumn. However, the Labibocera euchaeta was not the dominant species anymore. So Yangshan Port was affected by human. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of bacterial communities in the earthen pond and the recirculating aquaculture system for Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation QIU Qian-linglin1, XU Ru-wei1, ZHU Jian-lin2, YANG Fu-sheng3, YU Qi-li3, ZHANG De-min1 2015, 32 (6):  45.  Abstract ( 369 )   PDF   Save Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) has gradually replaced the traditional earthen pond (Earth) for shrimp cultivation because of its less pollution and higher economical benefit. A comprehensive knowledge on bacterial community structure is necessary for disease control and process improvement. In this paper amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene was used to compare the bacterial community structure among recirculating aquaculture system (water and biofilm) and earthen pond (water). The results showed that the bacterial communities were distinct among Earth water, RAS water and biofilm, with the highest alpha-diversity in RAS water. Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla in earthen pond. In contrast, Alphaproteobacteria was the highest in the RAS water, while Betaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the RAS biofilm. Similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis identified 11 OTUs that cumulatively contributed to 35.14% dissimilarity of the bacterial community. These taxa were affiliated with Saprospiraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, ACK-M1 and Synechococcaceae, Caldilineaceae, Betaproteobacteria, Sphingomonadales, Flavobacteria. At a finer resolution, the members of family Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrospiraceae, which contribute to denitrification and nitrification, were dramatically higher in RAS biofilm than in waters. Overall, this work provides microbial ecological evidences for the advantages of recirculating aquaculture system over earthen pond. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antimicrobial Effects and Mechanisms of Natural Plant Antimicrobial Solution against Staphylococcus aureus Bi Zhen-fei, Song ming-zhu, Liu Zong-ying, Zhou Yi-jie, Li di-qiang, Mao Can-quan 2015, 32 (6):  50.  Abstract ( 450 )   PDF   Save The preliminary antimicrobial effects and mechanisms of PAMs against Gram-positive S. aureus were investigated. Double dilution was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as bacteriostatic dynamics and mouse trauma infection model being conducted to illustrate the antimicrobial effects of PAMs. Also, the mechanisms were elucidated by determining the changes of electric conductivity and total soluble sugar concentration of the bacterial solution together with the observation of the super microstructure of S. aureus by scanning electron microscope. As shown ?in the results, the inhibition rate of S. aureus reached to 100% at one minute treated by PAMs, as well the MIC and MBC were 32% and 36%, respectively. Wound healing rate of S. aureus infected mouse back reached to 99.54±0.42%, significantly higher than those of the alcoholic control of 88.58±1.29% at 15 days. Changes of total soluble sugar content and relative electric conductivity in S. aureus solution treated by PAMs indicated a tendency of initiatory decrease and subsequent increase. Observation by scanning electron microscope disclosed the ruptures in the cell membranes of some S. aureus. In conclusion, PAMs can remarkably inhibit the growth of S. aureus and enhance the wound healing of mouse by increasing the permeability of bacterial cell membrane, leakage of contents, and eventually cause the death of S. aureus. As natural plant antimicrobial product, PAMs showed great potential in both scientific research and application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of nitrogen source and inorganic salt on the L-lactic acid production of two Bacillus coagulans strains 2015, 32 (6):  55.  Abstract ( 340 )   PDF   Save Bacillus coagulans is a wonderful L-lactic acid producer. In this study, two B. coagulans strains, B. coagulans NL01 and XZL4, were taken as examples to investigate the effects of nitrogen source and inorganic salt on L-lactic acid production. In order to reduce the cost of culture media, 5 kinds of organic nitrogen, 2 kinds of inorganic nitrogen, and 4 kinds of inorganic salt were selected to investigate their effects on fermentation. The results showed that yeast exact was the best nitrogen source, but its effects on B.?coagulans NL01 and XZL4 were different. Compared with previous reports, the most exciting result was that potassium dihydrogen phosphate could intensively improve the concentration of L-lactic acid even instead of partial yeast exact. And this would distinctly reduce the cost of culture media. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of salts on ethanol fermentation and membrane fluidity of Pichia stipitis YANG Jin-long1, ZHU Yuan-yuan1, ZHU Jun-jun1,2,*, GUO Feng1, HUANG Qian-qian1, XU Yong1,2, YONG Qiang1, YU Shi-yuan1,2 2015, 32 (6):  60.  Abstract ( 270 )   PDF   Save The effects of chlorides and sulfates on co-fermentation of glucose and xylose by Pichia stipitis NLP31were investigated, and fluorescence polarization was used as the method to determine the effect of salts on membrane fluidity. The results showed that salt concentration had a significant negative impact on the fermentation performance of yeast. When the concentration of salt was 0.5 mol/L, after 24 h, the inhibition effect of NaCl was the most. The sugar utilization ratio, ethanol concentration and ethanol yield decreased by 52.00 %、65.10 % and 22.50 %, respectively, compared to that of the control. The inhibition effect of chlorides was Na+>NH4+>K+. Although cation concentrations in the sulfates were twice in the chlorides, the inhibition effect had not significant difference. So the inhibition effect of Cl- on ethanol fermentation by P. stipitis was more significant than that of SO42-. The membrane fluidity of yeast in high concentration of salts became higher, and the different salt ions had different effects on cell membrane fluidity. NH4+ showed the greatest impact on cell membrane fluidity. Increased membrane fluidity could increase cellular resistance to stress, and decrease cell loss. Related Articles | Metrics

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Activity screening of Pestalotiopsis sp. from tropical area in Yunnan province on plant pathogens LI Xiang-nan, ZHOU Zhi-fan, LI Ming-yong, LI Meng-jie, LI Jing*, CHEN Yu-hui 2015, 32 (6):  65.  Abstract ( 286 )   PDF   Save Antimicrobial activities of 10 strains of Pestalotiopsis sp. on 10 strains of plant pathogens were studied through the method of filter paper. Results showed that two Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Botrytis cinerea, two Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Fusarium oxysporium sp. Cucumebrium, nine Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Verticillium cinnabarium, six Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Fusarium oxysporium sp. Vasinfectum, one Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Alternaria brassicae, nine Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Magnaporthe grisea, eight Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, five Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Venturia pyrina, eight Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Fusarium solani, one Pestalotiopsis sp. could inhibit Typhula incarnate. Pestalotiopsis thujae, and Pestalotiopsis aloes showed broad-spectrum resistance. Results of this study laid a foundation for the further utilization of Pestalotiopsis sp. and separation of active substance. Related Articles | Metrics

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The water permeability of upper astomatous cuticular membranes isolated from Ligustrum lucidum Ait. 2015, 32 (6):  68.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF   Save The Plant cuticle is a key barrier to prevent water loss and contaminants contacting and harming plant. In order to understand the leaf cuticle water permeability of green plants under the urban environment with complex air pollution, the water permeability of Ligustrum (Ligustrum lucidum Ait.) leaves that is the common green paper plant in Xi’an was researched. The astomatous cuticular membranes was isolated by 1:1 oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate solution, the water permeability was measured by micro- transpiration chamber, and the thermodynamic activation energy was calculated. The astomatous cuticular membrane water permeability of Ligustrum are 8.03 × 10-8 and 6.66 × 10-7 m s-1 respectively, for 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ condition, and the thermodynamic activation energy of water penetrate is 160.5 kJ mol-1. The reason of water permeability with temperature increasing may be due to temperature effects on the crystal structure of waxy cuticle surface and its continuity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of aqueous extracts from Platycodon Grandiflorum on seed germination and growth of three different kinds of crops .College of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601; 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Chi 2015, 32 (6):  71.  Abstract ( 277 )   PDF   Save In Platycodon grandiflorum production, continuous cropping results in a considerable reduction of crop yield. In order to find out the proper crop rotation of P. grandiflorum, aqueous extracts of different Concentrations of P. grandiflorum were prepared. The effect of those extracts on soybean’, wheat’ and radish’ seed germination and seedling growth were studied. The germination index (germination rate, germination potential, germination index, relative vigor index), growth index (seedling height, root length) and biomass (shoot and root fresh weight) were measured. The results showed that the effect of two kinds of extracts on the three kinds of seeds showed the inhibition of low concentration, the promotion of high concentration. Root extract effect is stronger than shoot extracts. The responses of three seedlings roots' on the two extracts were more sensitive than the shoots'. The comprehensive effect indexes of the three crops indicated that radish is more suitable to the P. grandiflorum rotation cropping. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lilium concolor var. Pulchellum: a new distribution plant in Anhui, China FENG Jun-ru, GAN Ting-ting, FENG Shuang, YIN Hua-bao 2015, 32 (6):  76.  Abstract ( 355 )   PDF   Save A genus Lilium concolor var. Pulchellum, belonging to family of Liliaceae, was newly found in Yaoluoping National Nature Reserve, Anhui Province in July 2014. This paper reported its morphological character and habitat. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Densoviruses Uesd in Vectors and Biological Control Si Yayun, Xing Yali, Zhang Panpan, Hu Zhaoyang, Chen Keping, Yao Qin 2015, 32 (6):  77.  Abstract ( 399 )   PDF   Save Densoviruses are single strand DNA viruses which can infect invertebrate hosts such as insects. Infectious virions can be rescued from the host cells after the densoviruses genome transfect into host cells, in additon, the densoviruses genome could inserted into host genome, these two features promoted research of densoviruses uesd as expression vectors. Densoviruses show great potentials in biological control because its host is limited to insects only. This paper reviews research progress on JcDNV, AaeDNV and PfDNV used as expression vectors in details, and densoviruses application in biological control as well as the relevent security issues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rho/ROCK signaling pathway and its active regulation mode CAO Mei-Xia1， 2， QU Chang-Qing1 2015, 32 (6):  81.  Abstract ( 2446 )   PDF   Save Rho-ROCK signal plays an important role in cell differentiation, cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. By regulating the Rho-ROCK signal and correlation factors the body can induce mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts. At different stage dysregulation of the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway is linked to cardiovascular, metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases,as well as cancer. The review is mainly explained Rho-ROCK signal pathway and various modes of regulation of Rho-ROCK activity,thereby in order to study related diseases provide some new thoughts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on the biology and ecophysiology of the genus Ligia SUN Jingxian2, ZHANG Peng1,2 2015, 32 (6):  86.  Abstract ( 562 )   PDF   Save Ligia is the ancestor of terrestrial isopods, commonly known as rock lice or sea slater. The most species of this genus habitat at the high tidal zone located as a boundary between sea and land. The special biological role and its varying survival environment enable it to be high value on the research of biology and ecology. The present work reviewed its morphological structure characteristics, life habit and life history as well as ecophysiological studies, including water, food, light, temperature, salinity and osmotic pressure, oxygen and active substance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in plant tissue specific promoters and related Cis-acting elements LI Zhuo-xue1, CHEN Xin-bo1, 2 2015, 32 (6):  91.  Abstract ( 609 )   PDF   Save Tissue specific promoters can control gene expression in certain organs or tissues. Expression of foreign genes driven by tissue specific promoters can reduce the accumulation of heterologous proteins and waste of plant energy. In this paper, we reviewed current research advances in tissue promoters, including promoter structure, classification, application and related cis-acting elements. The existing problems and future prospects were also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and application of lectin modified magnetosomes LI Xiang, YANG Ganglong, GUAN Feng 2015, 32 (6):  96.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF   Save Magnetosomes synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria were drawn great interest as potential carriers to couple with diverse bioactive macromolecules, anticancer drugs and enzymes due to their unique features such as paramagnetism, nano-scale, narrow size distribution and membrane-bounded. However, it was rarely mentioned on the separation of glycoproteins using magnetosomes. In this paper, the magnetosomes were extracted from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, modified with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), coupled with Bis (sulfoduccinimidyl) suberate sodium salt (BS3), and ligated with lectin, sequentially. Lectin-PE-magnetosome complexes were prepared and used for the separation of glycoproteins. The results showed that the proteins on magnetosomes surface were removed, and modified PE-magnetosomes showed the better dispersion than native magnetosomes. Moreover, 294.64 μg of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were coupled to one milligram of PE-magnetosomes, 1.6 times than that coupled to one milligram of magnetosomes. WGA-PE-magnetosomes could specifically separate the ovalbumin (OVA) from the mixture of OVA and Concanavalin A (ConA). In all, it has the great potential application in separation and enrichment of glycoproteins and used in the glycomics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocontrol Effect of Endophytic Bacteria DZBG07 from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver on Wheat Take-all Cheng Jing1 Sun Xuan1 Ding Ting1* 2015, 32 (6):  105.  Abstract ( 261 )   PDF   Save In the study, the endophytic bacteria DZBG07 showing strong activity against wheat Gaeumannomyces graminis was researched for its the control effect to wheat take-all, and the effect of inoculation of DZBG07 in the wheat rhizosphere on related enzyme activity of wheat roots in different growth stages was analysed through pot experiments. The results indicated inoculation of DZBG07 in the wheat rhizosphere reduced significantly the incidence of wheat take-all, the incidence of wheat take-all by DZBG07 was 26.57%, which was lower than that of the normal control groups(86.35%), and the activities of Polyphenol oxidase, Peroxidase and L-phenylalanin ammo-lyase of wheat roots treated with of DZBG07 were significantly higher than that of normal control groups. The resistance of DZBG07 to wheat take-all afforded scientific basis for its application and the further research on bio-controlling mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Anhui province key national ecological function of county ecological environmental quality assessment DAI Xiao-feng, XU Sheng 2015, 32 (6):  109.  Abstract ( 209 )   PDF   Save This paper selects the Dabie Mountains and soil conservation ecological function areas in Qianshan County, Taihu County, Yuexi County, Jinzhai County, Huoshan county and Shitai County, 6 national key ecological function of county as the object of study. According to "technical criterion for eco environmental status evaluation (Trial)" index system and calculation method of ecological environment evaluation rules, the extent of the quality of the regional ecological environment of quantitative analysis was made, and the measures and suggestions were put forward. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform of experimental teaching based on organic combination of virtual experiment and real experiment CHEN Su-yun, LIN Zhen-ting 2015, 32 (6):  113.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF   Save In regard to the ubiquitous problems in traditional immunology experimental teaching, the experimental teaching reform was carried out based on organic combination of virtual experiment and real experiment, the virtual experiment was introduced into the teaching process. The practice proved feasibility of the new model significantly facilitated achieving of different teaching goals. Compared with the traditional teaching model, it showed superiority in immunology experimental teaching, and was worthy of popularization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Biological Bilingual Education and Several Interesting Teaching Methods in Colleges and Universities ZHAO lei 2015, 32 (6):  116.  Abstract ( 240 )   PDF   Save Stimulating students' interest in learning and activating classroom atmosphere as well as establishing an efficient teaching model have long been the important contents of higher education reform. During the past 6 years, bilingual lecturing of all-English courseware and other interesting methods have been adopted in undergraduate courses of "Enzyme Engineering" and "Fermentation Technology" in Shandong Normal University. These methods have been found to be effective to stimulate the students’ learning enthusiasm and to help them gain knowledge and skills. The innovative teaching methods have been well received by the students and will be helpful in biological education reform in universities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comments on the website construction of top-quality Genetics course WANG Ji-lian, GUO Li-jun, ZHANG Xiu-ying, Ilham?Ahmad, WANG Yu-tao 2015, 32 (6):  119.  Abstract ( 296 )   PDF   Save The development and maintenance of top-quality course website play an important role in higher education.This paper elaborates the background, necessity and the current status and influence of present top-quality Genetics course websites in China, analyzes their existing problems, and give some measures of improving website construction quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Reforming of Teaching Methods for Biochemistry: Exploring questions, Solving Problems, and Achieve Scores based on Group’s Collaboration Xuefeng Wang, Chunxiang Qu, Chao Liu, Yuguan Ze, Hanyan Han 2015, 32 (6):  122.  Abstract ( 261 )   PDF   Save This study aims to improve the efficiency and effect of biochemistry teaching through properly reforming the teaching methods. We try to establish a systematic teaching method through guidance, inquiry, analysis and summary, build a learning mode based on group’s collaboration, and construct an examination pattern by partially suspecting the collaborated groups. The results showed that dependent on such reformation, we preliminarily improved the students' initiative and enthusiasm to learn biochemistry and elevated the capacity of teachers to extract the key points of every chapters of biochemistry. Thereby, such reformation will benefit to improve the efficiency and effect of biochemistry teaching and has a potential value in other course’s teaching. Related Articles | Metrics

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Concise methods of determining and calculating the genetic linkage relation of three pairs of genes SHEN Shun-xian, LI Xue-hui, LU Hong-wei,YAO Li-juan 2015, 32 (6):  124.  Abstract ( 315 )   PDF   Save The determination and the calculation of genetic linkage relation of three pairs of genes have always been difficulties in genetics course. To solve the problems, the author found a concise way--searching the gene of dominant or recessive changes in the two most similar phenotypes within test cross progenies of three-factor heterozygote. Result showed that it was easier for the students to study. Related Articles | Metrics