Abstract: Rho-ROCK signal plays an important role in cell differentiation, cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. By regulating the Rho-ROCK signal and correlation factors the body can induce mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondroblasts. At different stage dysregulation of the Rho-ROCK signaling pathway is linked to cardiovascular, metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases,as well as cancer. The review is mainly explained Rho-ROCK signal pathway and various modes of regulation of Rho-ROCK activity,thereby in order to study related diseases provide some new thoughts.

Key words: Rho, Rho kinase, ROCK, differentiation