Abstract: To investigate the affinities and genetic mechanisms of distances geographical populations ofCalliptamus barbarus barbarus, 109 mitochondrial COI and ND5 gene sequences from 12 geographic populations ofC.barbarus barbaruswere sequenced. The genetic diversity and the differentiation of this grasshopper in Xinjiang were analyzed by these two genes. By examining the combination of genes, the link between genetic diversity and meteorological and environmental factors was explored. The results revealed a substantial genetic diversity (Hd:0.9333－1.0000,Pi:0.0606－0.3253) in the COI and ND5 genes across the 12 geographic populations, with moderate genetic differentiation among these populations and relatively strong gene flow (Fst:0.1062,Nm:2.11). The AMOVA analyses found that the majority (89.68%) of genetic variation was observed within populations, and the Mantel test established a significant positive correlation betweenFstand geographic distance (R=0.4034,P=0.037). Altitude emerged as the primary factor influencing the genetic diversity ofC. barbarus barbaruspopulations, thus providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent analysis of the grasshopper evolutionary history in Xinjiang.

Key words: Calliptamus barbarus barbarus, geographic population, COI, ND5, genetic diversity, genetic differentiation