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γH2AX， 53BP1 and RAD51 foci analysis for monitoring DNA double-strand breaks WANG Yi-zhao, FAN Li, WANG Hong-xia, YANG Si-lu, CUI Ya-ni, Duan Yi-jun, Duan Jing-jing, REN Lai-feng, SU Wen Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (1): 16-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.01.016 Abstract （6277）      PDF       Knowledge map    γH2AX, 53BP1 and RAD51 foci are the evaluation markers of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Above all, γH2AX foci analysis is the most widely used, but recent studies have found that it is not completely consistent with DSBs damage. This study systematically analyzed the dynamic changes of γH2AX, 53BP1 and RAD51 foci during DNA damage and their reasonable application in DSBs damage assessment. According to the results, γH2AX and 53BP1 foci were highly consistent after cells exposed to ionizing radiation treatment, they both could reflect accurately the dynamic changes of DSBs damages and repairs; while RAD51 foci only appeared in part of damaged cells, which was consistent with its role mainly involved in homologous recombination process. Upon treatment with Camptothecin (CPT), γH2AX presented two types of staining (bright and discrete foci and pan-nuclear phosphorylation), while 53BP1 foci only appeared in cells with bright and discrete γH2AX foci and were highly consistent with γH2AX foci. These results revealed that positive staining of γH2AX alone cannot accurately represent DSBs damage, and the extent of DSBs damage should be comprehensively analyzed by combining with staining of 53BP1. The RAD51 foci analysis only reflect the DSBs damage repair of part cells, mainly homologous recombination repair.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of UDP-sugar biosynthesis CHEN Guihang, LI Chun, FENG Xudong Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 95-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.095 Abstract （2464）      PDF       Knowledge map    Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-sugar is an important type of sugar donors for glycosylation modification. The in vivo synthesis of UDP-sugar was summarized from three aspects: synthase pathway, phosphorylase pathway and kinase pathway. Due to the lack of key enzymes, only UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) could be quickly obtained from the above three pathways. At the same time, with UDP-glucose as the starting material and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP GlcA) as the intermediate, the rapid interconversions between UDP-sugars could be realized by specific functional enzymes. The latest progress in UDP-sugar synthesis catalyzed by specific functional enzymes was reviewed, and the important roles of dehydrogenase, decarboxylase, isomerase and reductase in UDP-sugar interconversions were discussed. The existing problems of UDP-sugar synthesis were analyzed and the future research direction of UDP-sugar synthesis was prospected, aiming at providing new ideas for tapping the potential of UDP-sugar donors and realizing glycosylation modification with efficiency and low cost. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of interference with TLR4 on the immune and inflammation of chicken HD11 macrophages under LPS infection #br# LI Huan, SUN Hongyan, YU Zhiyong, SUN Changhua Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 72-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.072 Abstract （335）      PDF       Knowledge map    The toll-like receptors (TLRs) member, TLR4, can recognize a various of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria to involve host immune and inflammation response. This study was aimed to explore the effects ofTLR4on the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and chicken macrophage HD11 apoptosis, through interfering the expression ofTLR4, so as to provide some useful information in molecular regulation mechanism ofTLR4on chicken immune response. Different doses of LPS were used to infect chicken HD11 cells, and the expression levels ofTLR4and inflammatory related genes were identified at different time points after infection. TLR4-siRNA were designed and transfected to chicken HD11 cells in vitro, and then quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were, respectively, applied to detect the expression of TLR4 and inflammatory related genes, as well as cell apoptosis. The results showed that the optimum condition of LPS was 1 μg/mL infection 8 h to induce the expression of geneTLR4,IL-1β,IL-8andIL-6. In chicken HD11 cells, interferingTLR4gene could significantly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory genesIL-1β,IL-6,IL-8and TNF-α (P<0.05), and inhibit cell apoptosis under LPS infection, while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory genes TGF-β and IFN-α was decreased with no significant difference (P>0.05). This study confirmed that regulating the expression ofTLR4gene can directly affect the inflammatory response of chicken HD11 cells to LPS, which provide new ideas and intervention targets for controlling excessive inflammatory response, as well as, have practical significance for alleviating stress-induced pathological damage and improving poultry health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthetic biology and research progress YAN Wei, XIN Feng-xue, DONG Wei-liang, ZHOU Jie, ZHANG Wen-ming, JIANG Min Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (5): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.05.001 Abstract （1473）      PDF       Knowledge map    Synthetic biology is one of the most potential fields of modern biology, which integrates many disciplines such as life science, engineering and information science. Based on the concept of engineering design, it constructs standardized components and modules, integrates the principles of engineering science, and adopts a bottom-up strategy to synthesize and improve the existing systems or systems, so as to reveal the law of life and build a new generation of bioengineering system. It creates a new research mode of "building knowledge" for life science. After the discovery of DNA double helix and the human genome sequencing project, synthetic biology is starting a new biotechnology revolution. As a new "convergence" discipline, with the progress of DNA synthesis technology and the deepening of the concept of synthetic biology, synthetic biology has made great progress in many research directions. This paper mainly introduces the concept of synthetic biology, summarizes the basic research content of synthetic biology and the research progress in natural products, medicine, energy and industry, and looks forward to the development prospect of synthetic biology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on key metabolic enzymes in de novo synthesis pathway of ceramide LI Yu-hui, CHEN Cheng Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (4): 90-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.04.090 Abstract （1961）      PDF       Knowledge map    Ceramide is an important active lipid that regulates cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, aging, tumor immunity and other vital life activities, and it is also a universal precursor for a series of important physiological sphingolipids such as glycosphingolipids. As the center of sphingolipid metabolism, the syntheses and degradations of ceramide in the body are strictly regulated. Its syntheses include de novo synthesis pathway, sphingomyelinase pathway and remedy pathway. Although de novo synthesis pathway contributes only 5%-10% to the synthesis of ceramide in the body, recent studies on key metabolic enzymes in this pathway have shown that they are closely related to many diseases, which also illustrates the complexity and importance of this pathway in the life of the organism. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the research progress of key metabolic enzymes in de novo synthesis, in order to provide a theoretical reference for further understanding of this pathway and the functions of key metabolic enzymes, and also lay an foundation for the development of personalized medicine for this pathway in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular mechanisms of plant in response to abiotic stress CHEN Keqi, DENG Xingguang, LIN Honghui Journal of Biology    2021, 38 (6): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.06.001 Abstract （3922）      PDF       Knowledge map    In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which plants respond to extreme temperature, drought, flooding and salt stress, through an overview of existing studies were summarized. Combining the effects of various stress on plant growth and development, the signal perception mode and signal transduction pathways were introduced. Meanwhile, the regulatory mechanisms of critical transcription factors in regulating gene expression and important secondary metabolites in coordinating stress tolerance were outlined. Finally, an outlook on future research was prospected focusing on the regulatory mechanism of mult-signaling network modules and sustainable development of agriculture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis in microbial and edible fungi mutation breeding LU Huan, SHEN Ling, SHANG Xiaodong, LIU Jianyu, WANG Ruijuan, YANG Hui Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (4): 92-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.04.092 Abstract （555）      PDF       Knowledge map    The concept, mutagenesis mechanism and factors affecting the mutagenesis effect of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis were mainly described. The application of ARTP mutagenesis technology in improving microbial strains such as bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast and improving their biosynthesis ability, as well as in breeding new strains of edible fungi, was introduced in this paper with the main contents of mutagenesis breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi as the main contents. The advantages and challenges of ARTP mutagenesis technology in the breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi were analyzed. It also showed that the research focuses in the future were to improve the technical level of rapid screening of target strains combined with high-throughput sequencing, transcriptome and proteomics, to deeply explore the genetic law of microorganisms and edible fungi mutated by ARTP and the mechanism of regulating the synthesis of bioactive substances. It was hoped that the result would provide new ideas for the research of edible fungi and microbial breeding through the establishment and application of new technologies, and then promote the germplasm innovation and industrial sustainable development of microorganisms and edible fungi. Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability of episomal plasmids containing ARS/CEN  elements in Pichia pastoris LIU Guo-qiang, SUN Wen-hao, ZHANG Qing-ye, ZHOU Jin-kai, BAI Zhong-hu, LIU Xiu-xia, YANG Yan-kun Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (2): 10-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.02.010 Abstract （1350）      PDF       Knowledge map    Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) is one of the most widely used heterologous protein expression systems. The most widely used heterologous protein expression strategy is the integrated plasmids; the episomal plasmids are greatly limited in Pichia pastoris due to their high instability. In this research, ARS/CEN and other components were ligated into pPIC9K vector to construct autonomously replicating episomal plasmid pPIC9K-ARS/CEN. The way of subculturing to detect plasmid loss was used to investigate the stability of episomal plasmid in Pichia pastoris during cell subculture. In the absence of selective pressure, the episomal plasmid containing the ARS/CEN element had extremely high stability before cell culture for ten generations, and then the episomal plasmid began to be lost, and the loss rate to the 20th generation plasmid was as high as 92.94%. The results of this study provided not only a good support for the construction of a stable episomal plasmid Pichia pastoris expression system, but also a practical plasmid elimination method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Machine learning-assisted enzyme directed evolution JIANG Ying-ying, QU Ge, SUN Zhou-tong Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (4): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.04.001 Abstract （1579）      PDF       Knowledge map    Directed evolution plays a central role in the fields of biocatalysis, biomedicine and biotechnology, etc. Taking advantages of increasingly computer performance and numerous datasets, artificial intelligence has rapidly developed. Recently, machine learning algorithms have also been applied to protein engineering, especially in helping prediction of protein structures, improving enzyme stability / selectivity / solubility, and guiding rational protein design as well as other functions. This paper reviews the state of the art in algorithms and descriptors used in enzyme engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress and perspective on microalgae synthetic biotechnology：from chassis cells to photosynthetic biomanufacturing LUAN Guodong, ZHANG Shanshan, LYU Xuefeng Journal of Biology    2021, 38 (2): 22-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.02.022 Abstract （1235）      PDF       Knowledge map    Photosynthetic biomanufacturing is a new mode of biomanufacturing technology. Taking microalgae as chassis，photosynthetic biomanufacturing technology could directly convert solar energy and carbon dioxide into biofuels and bio⁃based chemicals in a single process and single platform，simultaneously achieving the effects of carbon reduction and green production. Toward application of photosynthetic biomanufacturing technology in industrial process，development of high⁃efficiency microalgae chassis cells and photosynthetic cell factories with fast growth rates，high synthesis efficiency，and strong industrial properties，as well as adapted process technology and system，would be prerequisites. This article presented the progress on engineering "editable，controllableandapplicable" microalgae chassis cells and photosynthetic cell factories through application of synthetic biology tools and strategies，in order to scale up the photosynthetic biomanufacturing technology in industrial process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatic analysis and identification of Rv0357c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis TANG Wanggang, MEI Chuanzhong, GAO Jiahui, SI Yu, LIAN Chaoqun Journal of Biology    2021, 38 (3): 52-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.03.052 Abstract （388）      PDF       Knowledge map    The aim of this work was to reveal the biological function of Rv0357c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for the further exploration of a novel anti-Mtb drug target. The bioinformatic analyses of Rv0357c were conducted; the prokaryotic expression vector pET-Rv0357c for expressing Rv0357c fusion protein was subsequently constructed and introduced into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) competent cells followed by over-production of the Rv0357c fusion protein; Rv0357c fusion protein was purified by the immobilized cobalt affinity chromatography and subjected to protein identification together with enzymatic assay. The bioinformatic analyses revealed that Rv0357c was an acidic stable hydrophilic protein containing two conserved motifs and conserved active site residues observed in previously identified adenylosuccinate synthetases (AdSSs), and it showed low sequence identities(＜40%) to human enzymes (muscle isoform, AdSS1, and non-muscle isoform, AdSS2). Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis, the Rv0357c fusion protein was found to be expressed as inclusion bodies with an apparent subunit molecular mass of 48 ku, and the target enzyme in soluble form could be obtained after solubilizing the inclusion bodies, affinity chromatography and subsequent protein refolding with a refolding yield of approximate 63%. The overproduced protein obtained here was further identified as the target protein as demonstrated by Western Blot analysis using Anti-6×His antibody. Furthermore, enzymatic assay revealed that the biological activity of AdSS could be detected using refolded Rv0357c fusion protein with a specific activity of 0.016 1 U/mg. In summary, the Rv0357c is a functional enzyme with AdSS activity. This work will lay an experimental foundation for the further functional identification and the development of a new drug target against Mtb. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of BRCA1 in homologous recombination ZHAO Yinjun, YANG Xiaohang Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (2): 90-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.02.090 Abstract （971）      PDF       Knowledge map    On the basis of reviewing the process and products of homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway, this paper focused on the structure of BRCA1 protein and its two main functions in HR repair pathway: one is to promote DNA end resection, the other is to mediate the loading of the recombinase RAD51 at the DSB site. It was pointed out that the protein expressed by the breast and ovarian cancer-related gene BRCA1 was involved in DNA damage repair and played an important role in the HR repair pathway. Finally, the research progress of embryonic development and rescue of Brca1 mutant mice in recent years was introduced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and analysis of differential genes in T-ALL based on multi-omics data #br# #br# LI Jianwei, YUE Xinlei, HU Hezhi Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 46-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.046 Abstract （432）      PDF       Knowledge map    Bioinformatics analysis approaches were employed to screen the differential genes from the genomic and epigenetic data of the patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and the multi-omics gene similarity fusion networks were built with a view to screen out key genes and explore its pathogenic mechanisms. The data of RNA-seq, CTCF ChIP-seq and DNA methylation of T-ALL were downloaded from GEO and SRA databases. Using both DESeq2 and edgeR software, the differential gene expression analysis of RNA-seq and CTCF ChIP-seq data was performed. The CHAMP software was adopted to screen the differential genes in DNA methylation data. Since then, 5 887, 5 315 and 2 196 differential genes had been identified from the data of RNA-seq, CTCF ChIP-seq and DNA methylation, respectively. There were 119 genes in the intersection of the three differential gene sets. The multi-omics gene similarity fusion network was constructed, and 48 key genes with strong interactions and more associations were screened out from it. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG path enrichment analysis were performed for the 48 key genes, the protein-protein interaction network of the key genes was established by using the STRING database, Cytoscape software was used to select eight core genes (CTLA4, CD7, GPR29, CD5, CD247, IL2RB, FASLG and CD274). After comprehensive searches in CGC and CTD databases, the results indicate that the eight core genes hold great potential of becoming the T-ALL's biomarkers, and they provide assistance to the exploration of pathogenesis of T-ALL and targeting drug development. Related Articles | Metrics

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The analysis of somatic and dendritic morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice at different ages PEI Pei, TANG Zhengquan Journal of Biology    2024, 41 (1): 26-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736 Abstract （285）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to investigate the difference in morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice at different ages, mice were divided into four age groups of five animals each corresponding to 14-day, 1-month, 2-month, and 1-year old mice. Parvalbumin selected as a unique marker for Purkinje cells, using immunochemistry, we observed and compared somatic and dendritic morphology of cerebellar Purkinje cells of these mice in four groups under a confocal microscope. The results showed that the dendritic length of cerebellar Purkinje cells in 2-month old mice was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), and the dendritic length of cerebellar Purkinje cells in 1-year old mice was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05), as well as the somatic sizes of Purkinje cells of mice in 4 age groups showed a decreasing trend with age. In this study, we also analyzed the fluorescence intensity of parvalbumin in cerebellar Purkinje cells of mice in 4 age groups, which showed an overall increasing trend with age. Together, the results indicate that cell body size and dendritic length of cerebellar Purkinje are associated with age, with an opposite trend of parvalbumin expression and its development. This study suggests that parvalbumin may play an important role in regulation of cerebellar Purkinje cell development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of uPAR in diagnosis and therapy of tumors HAN Qian-qian, ZHOU Qin, ZHANG Lan-lan, WU Peng-fei, MA Teng-fei, MA Bing-bing, XU Chang-zhi, ZHANG Bu-chang Journal of Biology    2019, 36 (5): 85-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.085 Abstract （663）      PDF       Knowledge map    The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a glysocylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor protein, which regulates proteolysis and cooperate with transmembrane receptors to activate a series of signaling pathways in cells, promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Meanwhile, uPAR was overexpressed in a panel of malignancies, which has become a potential target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. At present, imaging techniques for tumor diagnosis mainly include X-ray, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography(PET), among which PET has received extensive attention due to its ultra-high sensitivity and specificity. Accumulating reports have shown that PET imaging with small molecules and antibody targeting uPAR could achieve localization and quantitative detection of tumor cells. At the same time, the proliferation, invasion and migration of colon cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer could be significantly inhibited by blocking the interaction between uPA and uPAR or repressing the expression of uPAR in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized the role of PET imaging with small molecules and antibody targeting uPAR for tumor diagnosis and the research progress of uPAR for tumor-targeted therapy.  Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on the saline-alkaline tolerance of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） LIU Duo, BAI Shuang, YANG Qingshan , QI Xuebin, LIANG Zhijie, GUO Wei, LI Ping Journal of Biology    2021, 38 (1): 98-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.098 Abstract （720）      PDF       Knowledge map    In this paper, the effects of saline-alkali stress on alfalfa were summarized, including the effects of salt and alkali stress on seed germination, growth and development, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, antioxidant regulation, molecular mechanism of salt alkali, ion balance regulation and so on. Furthermore, the mechanism of alfalfa response to saline-alkali stress was expounded at the same time, the mechanism and feasibility of improving the saline-alkali tolerance of alfalfa through exogenous substances and mycorrhiza was further elaborated, aiming to provide support and practical guidance for planting alfalfa in saline alkali land, realizing ecological restoration of saline alkali land and excavating reserve cultivated land resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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AITC regulates serotonin secretion and other biological functions in enterochromaffin cells WANG Siyu, YANG Yali, SI Qiqi, GUO Tailin, HUANG Xinhe Journal of Biology    2024, 41 (2): 51-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2024.02.051 Abstract （210）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to investigate the effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on the synthesis of 5-HT in EC and the biological functions of EC, edible grade AITC were used to intervene with RIN-14B cells (rat pancreatic endocrine cell line), a cell model of EC. The calcium ion concentration in the cells was detected by FLUO-8 AM, the expression level of genes related to 5-HT synthesis was analyzed by qRT-PCR , the levels of 5-HT were determined by UPLC, and the transcriptome of AITC-treated RIN-14B cells was detected and analyzed by RNA-seq and bioinformatics.The results indicated that AITC caused an increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration through activation of TRPA1, while upregulated the expression ofTph1(tryptophan hydroxylase) and Ddc (5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase). In addition, GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis on AITC treated RIN-14B cells showed that AITC mainly regulated glutathione metabolism and relate pathways such as antioxidant and inflammatory regulation, suggesting that AITC may regulate intestinal homeostasis by stimulating EC to promote glutathione metabolism, and also participate in inflammatory regulation of the intestine. The above results provided experimental data and research ideas for further study of the effects of AITC on EC and deeper biological functions of the intestine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of sodium houttuyfonate in combination with erythromycin on lrgB of Staphylococus epidermidis GUAN Yan, XU Gan-fei Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (2): 41-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.02.041 Abstract （270）      PDF       Knowledge map    Apoptosis occupied the dominant status of the programmed cell death (PCD), which is often considered to be unique to eukaryotes. Bacterial Cid/Lrg systems similar to eukaryotic apoptosis have also been concerned. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most important pathogens causing nosocomial infections; and the pathogenesis of S. epidermidis is closely related to the formation of biofilms on the surface of artificial devices (joints, contact lenses, heart valves, indwelling catheters, etc.) implant in the human body. To evaluate the effects of sodium houttuyfonate and its combination with erythromycin on the dissolution and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, the MIC of sodium houttuyfonate, erythromycin and vancomycin against S. epidermidis was determined by serial dilution method. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the transcription level of lrgB（Gene B regulated by lytSR） in different time periods after the action of sodium houttuyfonate and its combination with erythromycin, erythromycin and vancomycin on S. epidermidis. The effect of sodium houttuyfonate and erythromycin on the morphology of S. epidermidis biofilm was observed under a microscope. It was found that the combination of sodium houttuyfonate and erythromycin significantly increased the expression of lrgB at the beginning of the treatment (P<0.05). The sub-inhibitory concentration of sodium houttuyfonate combined with erythromycin also significantly down-regulated the expression of lrgB at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h (P<0.05). Morphological observation also confirmed the destructive effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of sodium houttuyfonate combined with erythromycin on the biofilm of S. epidermidis. The experimental results confirmed that the combination of sodium houttuyfonate and erythromycin could regulate the expression of lrgB at a specific concentration, thus inhibiting and destroying the formation of S. epidermidis biofilm and promoting the dissolution and death of bacteria. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of Lrp family transcriptional regulators KE Mei-lan, WU Hang, ZHANG Bu-chang Journal of Biology    2019, 36 (6): 69-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.06.069 Abstract （871）      PDF       Knowledge map    Leucine responsive regulatory protein (Lrp) is an important transcriptional regulator in prokaryotes, which is mainly composed of conserved N-terminal DNA binding domain and C-terminal domain responding ligand, and it is widely distributed in bacteria and archaea. The C-terminal can respond to some small molecular compounds besides amino acids, and converts signals into responses by fine-tuning the spatial distribution of DNA binding domains, conformation and oligomerization of protein. Lrp can be a global or local transcription regulator to control amino acid metabolism, pili formation, heavy metal transport, polypeptide transportation, energy metabolism and other important physiological processes in microorganisms. It can also act as a "feast/famine" regulatory protein to assist microorganisms to adapt to the changeable environment. Recently, it has been found that Lrp in Actinomycetes has a universal regulation effect on antibiotic biosynthesis. In this paper, the distribution, structural characteristics, ligand categories and response modes, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of Lrp in bacteria and archaea were comprehensively and systematically elaborated in order to provide guidance for further study of the molecular mechanism of Lrp. Related Articles | Metrics

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Constructing microbial cell factory with thermo-tolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus WANG Dong-mei, HONG Jiong Journal of Biology    2020, 37 (1): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.01.001 Abstract （744）      PDF       Knowledge map    Kluyveromyces marxianus is a thermo-tolerant yeast with the fastest growth rate in eukaryote and with a wide carbon spectrum. It is an excellent host for microbial cell factory construction. There were some achievements in the production of inulinase, ethanol, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl acetate etc. by the wild type K. marxianus. The genetic modification system including host strains, gene overexpression and gene deletion methods was constructed to improve the efficiency of microbial cell factories. The genetic engineered K. marxianus can efficiently produce heterogenous protein, ethanol, xylitol, lactic acid, astaxanthin etc. However, the ability of multiple carbon source co-utilization, inhibitor tolerance, high concentration substrate and product tolerance needs to be improved further. Related Articles | Metrics