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Research progress of UDP-sugar biosynthesis CHEN Guihang, LI Chun, FENG Xudong Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 95-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.095 Abstract （2464）      PDF       Knowledge map    Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-sugar is an important type of sugar donors for glycosylation modification. The in vivo synthesis of UDP-sugar was summarized from three aspects: synthase pathway, phosphorylase pathway and kinase pathway. Due to the lack of key enzymes, only UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) could be quickly obtained from the above three pathways. At the same time, with UDP-glucose as the starting material and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP GlcA) as the intermediate, the rapid interconversions between UDP-sugars could be realized by specific functional enzymes. The latest progress in UDP-sugar synthesis catalyzed by specific functional enzymes was reviewed, and the important roles of dehydrogenase, decarboxylase, isomerase and reductase in UDP-sugar interconversions were discussed. The existing problems of UDP-sugar synthesis were analyzed and the future research direction of UDP-sugar synthesis was prospected, aiming at providing new ideas for tapping the potential of UDP-sugar donors and realizing glycosylation modification with efficiency and low cost. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of interference with TLR4 on the immune and inflammation of chicken HD11 macrophages under LPS infection #br# LI Huan, SUN Hongyan, YU Zhiyong, SUN Changhua Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 72-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.072 Abstract （335）      PDF       Knowledge map    The toll-like receptors (TLRs) member, TLR4, can recognize a various of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria to involve host immune and inflammation response. This study was aimed to explore the effects ofTLR4on the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and chicken macrophage HD11 apoptosis, through interfering the expression ofTLR4, so as to provide some useful information in molecular regulation mechanism ofTLR4on chicken immune response. Different doses of LPS were used to infect chicken HD11 cells, and the expression levels ofTLR4and inflammatory related genes were identified at different time points after infection. TLR4-siRNA were designed and transfected to chicken HD11 cells in vitro, and then quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were, respectively, applied to detect the expression of TLR4 and inflammatory related genes, as well as cell apoptosis. The results showed that the optimum condition of LPS was 1 μg/mL infection 8 h to induce the expression of geneTLR4,IL-1β,IL-8andIL-6. In chicken HD11 cells, interferingTLR4gene could significantly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory genesIL-1β,IL-6,IL-8and TNF-α (P<0.05), and inhibit cell apoptosis under LPS infection, while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory genes TGF-β and IFN-α was decreased with no significant difference (P>0.05). This study confirmed that regulating the expression ofTLR4gene can directly affect the inflammatory response of chicken HD11 cells to LPS, which provide new ideas and intervention targets for controlling excessive inflammatory response, as well as, have practical significance for alleviating stress-induced pathological damage and improving poultry health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and analysis of differential genes in T-ALL based on multi-omics data #br# #br# LI Jianwei, YUE Xinlei, HU Hezhi Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 46-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.046 Abstract （432）      PDF       Knowledge map    Bioinformatics analysis approaches were employed to screen the differential genes from the genomic and epigenetic data of the patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and the multi-omics gene similarity fusion networks were built with a view to screen out key genes and explore its pathogenic mechanisms. The data of RNA-seq, CTCF ChIP-seq and DNA methylation of T-ALL were downloaded from GEO and SRA databases. Using both DESeq2 and edgeR software, the differential gene expression analysis of RNA-seq and CTCF ChIP-seq data was performed. The CHAMP software was adopted to screen the differential genes in DNA methylation data. Since then, 5 887, 5 315 and 2 196 differential genes had been identified from the data of RNA-seq, CTCF ChIP-seq and DNA methylation, respectively. There were 119 genes in the intersection of the three differential gene sets. The multi-omics gene similarity fusion network was constructed, and 48 key genes with strong interactions and more associations were screened out from it. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG path enrichment analysis were performed for the 48 key genes, the protein-protein interaction network of the key genes was established by using the STRING database, Cytoscape software was used to select eight core genes (CTLA4, CD7, GPR29, CD5, CD247, IL2RB, FASLG and CD274). After comprehensive searches in CGC and CTD databases, the results indicate that the eight core genes hold great potential of becoming the T-ALL's biomarkers, and they provide assistance to the exploration of pathogenesis of T-ALL and targeting drug development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis in microbial and edible fungi mutation breeding LU Huan, SHEN Ling, SHANG Xiaodong, LIU Jianyu, WANG Ruijuan, YANG Hui Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (4): 92-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.04.092 Abstract （555）      PDF       Knowledge map    The concept, mutagenesis mechanism and factors affecting the mutagenesis effect of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis were mainly described. The application of ARTP mutagenesis technology in improving microbial strains such as bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast and improving their biosynthesis ability, as well as in breeding new strains of edible fungi, was introduced in this paper with the main contents of mutagenesis breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi as the main contents. The advantages and challenges of ARTP mutagenesis technology in the breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi were analyzed. It also showed that the research focuses in the future were to improve the technical level of rapid screening of target strains combined with high-throughput sequencing, transcriptome and proteomics, to deeply explore the genetic law of microorganisms and edible fungi mutated by ARTP and the mechanism of regulating the synthesis of bioactive substances. It was hoped that the result would provide new ideas for the research of edible fungi and microbial breeding through the establishment and application of new technologies, and then promote the germplasm innovation and industrial sustainable development of microorganisms and edible fungi. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different substrates and light conditions on tissue culture and planting of Hydrilla verticillata LYU Zhe, LIU Jie, ZHANG Jinghua, WAN Yun, LENG Xin Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 59-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.059 Abstract （428）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to study the effects of different substrates and light conditions on the growth and planting of Hydrilla verticillata tissue cultured seedlings, the four light quality (white light, red light, blue light, red and blue mixed light) and three photoperiods (8, 12, 16 h/d) under the condition of tissue culture research, and tissue culture seedlings in three substrates (soil, sand, sediment mixed) and three shading levels (no shade, 40% shade, 80% shade) under the condition of plant research were studied. The results showed that red light significantly increased the dry weight and soluble sugar accumulation of Hydrilla verticillata, and significantly reduced the content of soluble protein. Blue light promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll a and inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll b. The dry weight was the heaviest under the 12 h/d photoperiod, and the stem length was the longest, which was beneficial to the synthesis of chlorophyll. The increase of photoperiod improved the antioxidant enzyme activity of Hydrilla verticillate. The soil substrate was more conducive to the growth of Hydrilla verticillata than the sand substrate, and 80% shading was beneficial to increase the height and stem dry weight. This research not only supplied and improved the Hydrilla verticillata tissue culture system, but also provided a technical reference for the engineering application of tissue culture seedlings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and identification of variant strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and analysis of genetic evolution XIN Zhonghao, GUO Xiaozhen, LU Xiaohan, JIAO Anqi, LIU Liping, YU Jiang, HUANG Bin, SUN Shuhong, WU Jiaqiang Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 12-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.012 Abstract （626）      PDF       Knowledge map    Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute, highly contact intestinal infectious disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). To understand the genetic evolutionary trend of PEDV in Shandong, RT-PCR was performed on clinical material collected from 2020-2021 with suspected epidemic diarrhea. Subsequently, the supernatant of the treated disease material was inoculated into Vero cells for PEDV virus isolation and verified using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and a PEDV strain, named QH-202105, was successfully isolated. the isolate was passaged and cultured to the 10th generation, its RNA was extracted, amplified and whole genome was sequenced, and the whole genome and S gene of the isolate were combined with the reference sequence downloaded from NCBI. The results showed that the isolate had the highest nucleotide homology with USA/Colorado/2013 at 99.1% and the lowest homology with CHM2013 at 96.5%. Amino acid sequence analysis of the S gene showed that the isolate QH-202105 had more than 60 mutations in the N terminus of the S gene, two amino acid insertions (including four amino acid insertions in QGVN at amino acids 59-62 and an insertion in amino acid N at position 145) and two amino acid deletions (deletion in amino acids 115-118 and deletion in amino acids 167-168). The results of evolutionary tree analysis showed that the isolated strain QH-202105 was a G2 gene group, which was the closest relative to CH/HNAY/2015 and CH/ZJCX-1/2012 and belonged to the same evolutionary branch. Based on this result, PROVEAN was applied to predict the function of the mutated amino acid in the S protein of QH-202105, and the result showed that the mutation at 1361 (G→C) was determined to be “Deleterious”, and it could be assumed that the mutation here might have an indirect effect on the invasiveness of the virus.The results of the study could provide reference data for the prevalence and prevention and control of PEDV variants in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and identification of an aerobic denitrifying bacteria and its nitrogen removal characteristics ZHU Hongxu, YANG Benqing, GAO Yuan, ZHAI Hongyang, ZHAO Yanqing Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 38-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.038 Abstract （358）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to establish the foundation of new biological nitrogen removal process, a strain of Aeromonas was isolated from the roots of wetland plants in Dianchi Lake and was named as RC-15.The key denitrifying enzyme genes of the strain were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the denitrification ability of the strain under different environmental conditions (carbon source, temperature, rotation speed, initial pH and C/N ratio) was studied. The results showed that the denitrifying enzyme genes, napA and nirK were successfully amplified, showing the strain had aerobic denitrification ability in the presence of oxygen molecules. The single factor experiment showed that the strongest denitrification ability was observed with the carbon source of sodium acetate, temperature of 30 ℃, initial pH of 8.0, and the C/N ratio of 7. Under those conditions, the removal ratio of nitrate reached 95.57% and its corresponded removal rate was 14.62 mg/(L·h) during the initial 24 h. In addition, the strain could remove nitrogen with low temperature, weak acid environment and low C/N.The identified strain RC-15 in this study could provide a new bacterial source to enhance the denitrification of actual wastewater. Related Articles | Metrics

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Codon bias and evolution analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene #br# #br# LI Qiue, QIN Yu, ZHENG Qiaomu, TAN Guodong, LIAO Hai, ZHOU Jiayu Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 36-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.036 Abstract （376）      PDF       Knowledge map    　Codon W and EMBOSS were used to analyze the codon usage bias of PAL genes and possible formation mechanism from 42 different plant species, to provide theoretical guidance for the improvement of PAL gene expression in plants. RSCU results indicated that PAL genes from monocotyledonous plants had stronger codon usage bias than those from dicotyledons and other plants, with CUC as the optimal codon. PAL genes in monocotyledons prefer G/C codes, whereas PAL in dicotyledons prefer A/T codes. Enc-plot results showed that the codon usage bias of dicotyledons and other plants was mainly influenced by natural selection, while the codon usage bias of monocotyledons was influenced by both mutation and natural selection. Cluster analysis showed that CDS sequence-based clustering was more suitable than RSCU based clustering in phylogenetic analysis. The PAL genes of most monocotyledons were suitable for expression in E. coli, whereas the PAL genes of dicotyledons were suitable for expression in yeast. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana might be the more appropriate genetic transformation receptor for genetic transformation of the PAL genes from 42 different plant species than tobacco. These results laid the theoretical foundation for genetic evolution investigation and functional validation of PAL genes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect and mechanism of CS-MOF fiber on Microcystis aeruginosa #br# #br# DONG Zezhang, XUE Shuxin, CAO Jingguo Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (5): 72-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.05.072 Abstract （270）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to solve the problem of algae removal in water treatment plant, chitosan fiber and metal organic framework (MOF) were coupled to prepare a composite material (CS-MOF) with algae inhibition function. The effects of CS-MOF fiber on the growth, cell structure, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and microcystin of Microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The results showed that CS-MOF fiber could effectively inhibit the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa, and the inhibition rate increased with the increase of dosage. When the dosage was 0.6 g/L, the inhibition rate of Microcystis aeruginosa could reach 85.6% on the 12th day. Scanning electron microscope showed that the algal cells in the treatment group were seriously damaged and the cell morphology changed significantly. During the experiment, the photosynthetic system of the treatment group was destroyed. The contents of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and phycobiliprotein in the algae decreased, and the inhibition rate of phycobiliprotein was significantly higher than that of chlorophyll a and carotenoid. CS-MOF fiber can destroy the antioxidant enzyme system of algae cells, and make algae cells suffer more serious damage by inhibiting SOD activity. In addition, CS-MOF fiber can effectively reduce the content of total algal toxin by inhibiting algal growth and adsorbing algal toxin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of protein N-glycosylation modification in prokaryotes #br# #br# TAN Yahong, GAO Lijuan, SONG Wenxia, LU Xuemei Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (5): 87-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.05.087 Abstract （929）      PDF       Knowledge map    N-glycosylation of proteins is the major post-translational modification occurring in nature and has important biological effects. It has been found that protein N-glycosylation is not restricted to eukaryotes, but also exists in prokaryotes. The research progress for prokaryotes protein N-glycosylation and the effects of glycosylation on the physiological function of organisms were summarized. The structure of N-glycosyltransferase and its recognition characteristics for substrates were also analyzed, and the application of the prokaryotic N-glycosylation system in glycosylation engineering was discussed, with a view to providing solutions for the design of new vaccines and disease treatments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advance on the function of Sox gene family in aquatic animal gonadal development XU Dongjie, XIE Xi, WANG Mengen, WANG Zhenya, ZHU Dongfa Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 97-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.097 Abstract （445）      PDF       Knowledge map    The discovery, identification and classification of the SRY related HMG-box (Sox) gene family were reviewed. Analysis of amino acid sequences among different subfamilies revealed that HMG-box of the same subfamily genes is highly conserved more than 80% similarity, while HMG-box of different subfamily genes is lower. The study of Sox gene family in aquatic animal gonadal development was summarized and the gonadal development in fish mainly regulated by members of subfamilies B and E including Sox9, Sox3 and Sox8 was found. Sox genes belonging to subfamily B and E were also reported to be involved in the regulation of physiological processes such as gonadal development in shrimp and crab. In addition, Sox9, Sox2 and SoxH genes might play vital roles irregulating gonadal development in mollusks. Studies on the Sox gene family in aquatic gonadal development have focused on gene cloning and expression profiling to date, but their mechanisms of action and molecular pathways needed to be studied more systematically and thoroughly in order to improve the molecular regulatory mechanisms of gonadal development in aquatic animals. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pioneer transcription factor DUX4 inzygotic genome activation during human embryo development #br# #br# LIU Yubing, LIU Chenchen, QIAN Richeng Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 94-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.094 Abstract （606）      PDF       Knowledge map    Mammalian life starts from zygote, which the oocyte is fertilized by the sperm. Subsequentmaternal-to-zygotic transition(MZT)is a crucial process in preimplantation embryo development.Pioneer transcription factors play a crucial role in the establishment of chromatin accessibility and zygotic genome activation initiation in early embryos through binding to specific sequences of target genes. However, the regulatory networks of pioneer transcription factor in human embryos remain unclear. Using the model of human embryonic stem cells, it has been found DUX4(double homeobox 4, DUX4) protein is the pivotal initiating factor for zygotic genome activation.The progress of human DUX4 in cell models and early embryo genome activation was summarized. Understanding the mechanism of zygotic genome activation in human preimplantation embryos may be helpful to optimize the in vitro culture system and to increase the success rate of assisted reproduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the effects of rhizosphere organic acids on the chemical behavior and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil #br# #br# ZHOU Song, YANG Jianhao, YAN Shiwei, YAN Yuetong, ZHANG Lingyu, YE Wenling Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 103-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.103 Abstract （354）      PDF       Knowledge map    This article presented a review of the types and sources of organic acids in soil and their effects on the chemical behavior and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. On the one hand, the factors affecting the differentiation of organic acid secretion and the mechanism of changing soil pH were summarized; on the other hand, it focused on the influence mechanism of rhizosphere organic acids on the occurrence and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil. Rhizospheres organic acids can not only activate nutrients and detoxify metals through abiotic effects such as acidification, complexation and exchange, but also change the form or valence of heavy metals in the soil through biological effects such as being an electron donor and acting as an electron transfer body, thereby affecting the migration and transformation of heavy metals in the soil. By clarifying the basic properties of organic acids and their influence mechanisms on the chemical behavior and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil, it was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the wider scientific use of organic acids and the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on experimental ethical norms for alternative animal WEI Xin, XU Weiping Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.001 Abstract （409）      PDF       Knowledge map    This review provided an overview of the use of laboratory animals and the current status of ethical irregularities in animal experiments. The need for alternative animal development and its ethical review advantages were pointed out. We summarized the research scope and ethical guidelines for alternative animal experiments, as well as the relevant content of its ethical review. The importance of the development of alternative animal-related technologies in scientific research and experimental teaching was also discussed. The relevant situation of the follow-up after the implementation of the ethical standards for alternative animal research was listed and an outlook on the development direction of the standardization of the ethical evaluation was made for alternative animal research in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bax and Bak regulate ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway HAN Jing, ZHAO Guoping Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (3): 6-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.03.006 Abstract （925）      PDF       Knowledge map    Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with wild-type (WT), Bak/Bax double knockout (Bak/Bax-DKO), Bak knockout (Bak-KO) and Bax knockout (Bax-KO) were used to investigate the role and possible mechanisms of pro-apoptotic protein Bak/Bax on the erastin-induced ferroptosis. The survival rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, the levels of GSH/GSSG were measured by testing kits. In addition, the expression levels of target genes and proteins were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. The results showed that knockout Bak and Bax inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis significantly, and the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein and mRNA were increased significantly in Bak/Bax-DKO cells. Further studies showed that the absence of Bax also inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis and promoted the expression levels of GPX4. However, no significant changes on erastin-induced ferroptosis and GPX4 expression were found in Bak-KO cells. These results indicated that Bak and Bax promoted erastin-induced ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and Bax rather than Bak played a key role. Related Articles | Metrics

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Homologous overexpression of laccase Lcc9 in Coprinopsis cinerea ZHANG Jingna, ZHOU Gang, LIU Juanjuan, FANG Zemin, XIAO Yazhong Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (6): 47-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.06.047 Abstract （281）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to prepare a large amount of Lcc9, the gene lcc9 was cloned and homologously overexpressed in Corprinopsis cinerea Okayama 7#130 (OK7) and FA2222. A total of 46 OK7-lcc9 and 29 FA2222-lcc9 positive transformants were obtained, respectively, based on the primary screening in regeneration medium and re-screening in minimal medium. After inoculation of 5% (V/V) seed cultures in Kjalke medium and cultured at 37 ℃ for 6-7 d, laccase activity of OK7-lcc9 and FA2222-lcc9 in shaking flasks reached 5.1-21.1 U/mL and 3.7-12.3U/mL, respectively, 19.2 and 241.2 times higher than that of the wild type strains. One of the FA2222 positive strains was cultured in a 3 L fermenter for laccase preparation. Results showed that the laccase activity of the strain reached 59 U/mL after incubation at 37 ℃ and 50 r/min for 108 h, which was 4.8 times higher than that in the liquid shake flask cultures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on anti-tumor effect of natural product active molecule erianin HONG Jing, YANG Fangyao, JIANG Lixiang, JIAN Tiantian, WANG Siyu, HUANG Xinhe Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (6): 89-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.06.089 Abstract （379）      PDF       Knowledge map    Natural products are an important source of anti-tumor drugs. Based on the sorting and analysis of current studies at home and abroad, this paper summarized the anti-tumor effect and anti-tumor molecular mechanism of bibenzyl small molecule erianin in medicinal plants Dendrobium candidum and Dendrobium chrysotoxum. Firstly, the medicinal history and pharmacological activities of Dendrobium natural products, as well as the various pharmacological effects of erianin, especially its antitumor effects were introduced and explored. Combined with a number of in vitro and in vivo studies, the inhibitory effects of erianin on tumor proliferation of many cancer cell lines were introduced. By combing and analyzing the available research, this paper analyzed the role of erianin in tumor regulation by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, autophagy, blocking cancer cell cycle, inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and other molecular mechanisms, and summarized several erianin related signal pathways and factors such as JNK, PI3K / Akt, ERK. Finally, in view of research status of erianin. The prospect of erianin in patent medicine research and clinical application was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the development trend of synthetic biology industry under the background of “14th Five-Year Plan” WANG Haoqi, GAO Hao, XIN Fengxue Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (3): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.03.001 Abstract （804）      PDF       Knowledge map    Synthetic biology is revolutionizing the biotechnology industry, which is increasingly applied in natural products, medicine, energy, industry, et al. With the promulgation of the “14th Five-Year Plan” for the development of biological economy, the heat of synthetic biology, known as the “third biotechnology revolution”, is rising. Synthetic biology is poised to disrupt many traditional industries with more economical and environmentally friendly features. The industry policies of synthetic biology and the domestic synthetic biology industries in China were reviewed. The synthetic biology focused on the fields of biochemicals, biopharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, medical beauty and cosmetics, and its future development was also prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity analysis of wild Culter alburnus in Anhui province HU Yuting, HOU Guanjun Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 79-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.079 Abstract （265）      PDF       Knowledge map    Culter alburnus, common name topmouth culter, is one high economic value freshwater fish. To explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of C. alburnus population in Anhui province, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four wild populations from Wuchang Lake, Chao Lake, main stream of Huaihe River and Xin’an River based on microsatellite markers were analyzed. The range of average allele number (Na), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) of four populations were 10.4-12.2, 0.739-0.778 and 0.689-0.738, respectively. The effective allele number (Ne) was between 5.9 and 6.9 and observed heterozygosity (Ho) was from 0.654 to 0.800, indicating that all populations had high genetic diversity. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation mainly came from within the population (95.71%), and only accounted for 4.29% among the populations. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of all population was 0.043, and the Fst among populations was between 0.025 and 0.056, indicating low degree of genetic differentiation. The value of gene flow (Nm) ranged from 4.21 to 9.75, indicating frequent interpopulation gene exchange. Phylogenetic tree, developed based on genetic distance between all pairs of populations, displayed that Xin’an River population had the closest relationship with Chaohu population, and Huai River population has the furthest relationship. The results of using software Structure 2.3.4 showed that the optimal cluster grouping was also 4, but it did not correspond to each sampling population, and there were many genetically similar individuals among populations. This study indicated there were high genetic diversity, insignificant genetic differentiation and germplasm mixed among the four populations of C. alburnus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inducing host type I interferon response and immunoregulatory function YAO Zhihong, ZHANG Zhifang, HU Sujie, LIU Hui, CHEN Xiang, XU Zhengzhong, JIAO Xin’ an Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 94-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.04.094 Abstract （329）      PDF       Knowledge map    This paper summarizes the immune regulation function of type I interferon in the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Type I interferon can be used as a marker of active tuberculosis and aggravate the pathogenic process of tuberculosis. At the same time, type I interferon also participates in the immune defense process of anti-tuberculosis and effectively reduces the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, this paper summarizes the mechanism of host type I interferon expression and signal pathway activation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection at different levels, and discussed that some components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can escape host immunity by regulating the response level of type I interferon, so as to promote its survival in the host. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress of host type I interferon response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its immunomodulatory function, so as to provide new ideas for the screening of anti-tuberculosis drug targets and the development of vaccines in the future. Related Articles | Metrics