Table of Content

18 August 2019, Volume 36 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Research on the correlation between gastrointestinal microbiota and human gastrointestinal system diseases LIU De-hua, SUN Bao-lin 2019, 36 (4):  1.  Abstract ( 390 )   PDF   Save The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Gastrointestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune, metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. Recently, a large number of studies have revealed the influence of different microbiota on human gastrointestinal system diseases, such as gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, etc. Human gastrointestinal microbiota and their related metabolites are also considered to be potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host microbe interactions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Taxonomic and metabolic analysis of gut microbiota from male athletes based on metagenomics JIN Ze-yu, LI Wei, SUN Bao-lin 2019, 36 (4):  7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.007 Abstract ( 505 )   PDF   Save We analyzed gut microbiota from 32 male athletes and gut microbiota from 28 male college students in the same area as control. We found out the abundance of Firmicutes decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroides and Bilophila increased in athletes group. Probiotics such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Propionibacterium also increased in athletes group. The athletes group may possess a greater ability to synthesize Vitamin B, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and downstream product IPP, and a weaker ability of L-alanine and NAD synthesis. All results shed light on the species composition and functional characteristics of microbiota from male athletes and provide a valuable reference for related research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ethanol on recombinant protein expression using Corynebacterium glutamicum GAO Xiong, LIU Xiu-xia, SUN Man-man, YANG Yan-kun, BAI Zhong-hu 2019, 36 (4):  14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.014 Abstract ( 383 )   PDF   Save Corynebacterium glutamicum is a traditional industrial microorganism. In order to study the influence of ethanol on the expression of exogenous protein in Corynebacterium glutamicum, the strain that can constitutively express the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was inoculated into the culture medium containing different concentrations of ethanol, and it was found that the unit fluorescence intensity could be significantly elevated in the process of the utilization of low concentration (1%) ethanol. Here we also demonstrated that ethanol had better performances both in cell growth and protein production compared with several common nutrients. In addition, an auto-inducible expression vector with high expression ability and inducible rate was constructed according to the strong induction of the isocitrate lyase (ICL) in the presence of ethanol utilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of glutamate dehydrogenase production medium by recombinant Escherichia coli using response surface methodology ZHANG Yu-qing, YIN Xin-jian, WU Jian-ping， YANG Li-rong 2019, 36 (4):  18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.018 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF   Save Response surface methodology was used to optimize the fermentation media of recombinant E. coli and to improve the production capacity of glutamate dehydrogenase which is key biocatalyst in reductive amination. Firstly, the single factor experiment was used to screen the optimal carbon source and nitrogen source, and then the Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influencing degree for response value of related factors in original fermentation medium. The optimum medium components combination was further determined according to Box-Bohnken design and response surface analysis. The optimized medium was obtained: glycerol 11.3 g/L, yeast extract (Angel 905) 16.28 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.63 g/L, Na2HPO4·12H2O 17.1 g/L, KH2PO4 3 g/L, NH4Cl 1.5 g/L, NaCl 0.5g/L. Under above conditions, the enzyme activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was 2.58 times higher than that of LB medium and reached 129.1U/mL, which significantly improved the preparing efficiency of enzyme catalyst. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of monascus LovD gene and screening of transgenic high-yield lovastatin strains SHEN Xiao-rui， WANG Yu， CHEN Da-wei 2019, 36 (4):  23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.023 Abstract ( 255 )   PDF   Save The high-yield lovastatin Monascus strain M120-1 screened by UV mutagenesis was used as the starting strain for extractioning total RNA. LovD gene was cloned by RT-PCR technique to construct expression vectors. The genetic transformation of Monascus spp. was obtained and the high-yield lovastatin transforming strains were screened by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total RNA of Monascus spp. was extracted and the expression vector was established, and twelve transformants were selected at random and 10 strains were successfully transformed by PCR. The lovastatin production was determined by HPLC and the yield of lovastatin was 0.55 mg/mL in one strain, which was 63% higher than that of the original strain. The strain was subcultured and had good genetic stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effects and preliminary molecular mechanisms of “natural plant antimicrobial solution”（PAMs）on liver cancer HepG2 cells YUAN Xue, QIU Jin-yi, WANG Si-yi, DOU Rong-kun,XIANGFEI Dan-zhou, YANG Piao, MAO Can-quan 2019, 36 (4):  26.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.026 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF   Save Liver cancer is a critical disease that seriously injures the human life. Previous studies revealed that the traditional and folk Chinese medicine "natural plant antibacterial solution" (PAMs) has wide biological activities and effects on many diseases such as leukemia, psoriasis and inflammation. However, its effect on hepatoma cells, especially the molecular mechanism is not well understood. In this study, we confirmed that PAMs could inhibit the viabilities of HepG2 cells dependent on the concentration and time. PAMs enhanced the expression of caspase3, caspase8, caspase9 and p53, while it repressed the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the nude mice HepG2 cell xenograft assay showed that PAMs significantly inhibited the tumor growth and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 cells by downregulating FoxM1 expression merely by perfrication. Being a safe, effective and convenient candidate drug, PAMs is hoped to be used in the prevention and therapy of various diseases including liver cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of N-terminal cysteine-free split intein LI Jia, MENG Qing 2019, 36 (4):  30.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.030 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF   Save Labeling or modifying the target protein in vivo or vitro is one of the important methods to study the protein structure and function， but there are many shortcomings in current modifying methods, especially they may have the negative effect on the structure and function of the protein. To avoiding or reducing these disadvantages, modification by trans-split intein is one effective method. However, the application of the technique is limited because the nature split intein rarely exists. In this paper, two split inteins in vivo with fewer cysteines and S1-split intein in vitro with high split efficient were obtained by Inbase selection, site-directed mutations, Western Blot and other techniques. So the research supplies a reliable biology tool for controllable and specific N-terminal labeling and application of the target proteins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and analysis of O-mannosylated proteins from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin culture filter YANG Shu-feng, DENG Guo-ying, SUN Wen-chang 2019, 36 (4):  35.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.035 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF   Save As the only licensed vaccine to protect against tuberculosis, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin（BCG）can not provide complete protection，therefore, it is essential to fully understand the antigens of BCG. The mannose containing glycoconjugates, which are located on cell wall, play a role in mycobacterial virulence and interaction with host cell. O-mannosylated proteins were reported in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, but seldom in BCG. In this article, the O-mannosylated proteins from Bacillus Calmette-Guérin culture filter were identified and analyzed by ConA-agarose affinity chromatography combined with MALDI mass spectrometer. There were 7 kinds of O-mannosylated proteins identified and the mannosylated positions of these 7 proteins were further predicted. The identification and analysis of O-mannosylated proteins will shed light on immune mechanism of BCG. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prokaryotic expression of tansportin-SR2 and its interaction with HIV-1 integrase in vitro XU Xiao-shuang, ZHANG Da-wei, KONG Ren 2019, 36 (4):  38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.038 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF   Save The protein-protein interaction (PPI) between human transporter SR2 (TRN-SR2) and HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an effective target for anti-HIV therapy. It has important clinical significance and broad application prospects to find and design effective inhibitors of this PPI. In order to screen inhibitors targeting the PPI between TRN-SR2 and HIV-1 IN, the recombinant TRN-SR2 proteins were expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) and purified by GST affinity chromatography column. The result showed that the recombinant TRN-SR2 protein was obtained with a concentration of 0.80 mg/mL. The interaction between TRN-SR2 and HIV-1 IN was confirmed in vitro by biofilm interferometry (BLI). The results showed that the binding signal increased significantly with TRN-SR2 binding to HIV-1 IN and the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) was determined as 45.2 nmol/L. The optimal reaction concentrations of TRN-SR2 and HIV-1 IN in the target inhibitor screening system were determined by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) and cross-titration experiments, which were 20 and 40 nmol/L, respectively. All these results suggested that the recombinant TRN-SR2 protein was biologically active and could effectively interact with HIV-1 IN in vitro. The determination of the optimal concentration of TRN-SR2 and HIV-1IN in the screening system also provides a basis for the subsequent screening of inhibitors. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene optimization for swimming crab PtCrustin2 antimicrobial peptide and its efficient expression in Pichia pastoris WANG Yan-hui, TAO Yan 2019, 36 (4):  42.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.042 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF   Save Crustins are series of antibacterial peptides rich in cysteine from crustaceans, which are important immune factors for nonspecific immune mechanism of crustaceans， and their biological functions are attributed to the mature peptide region near the C terminal. A codon-optimized sequence corresponding to the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) PtCrustin2 mature peptide cDNA was designed and synthesized based on the preferential codon usage of Pichia pastoris. This synthesized cDNA fragment (smPtCrustin2) contained Xho I restriction site and Kex2 signal cleavage site at its 5′ end, and Xba I restriction site and 6 his tag at its 3′ end. This target fragment was ligated to pPICZαA to construct a recombinant expression vector pPICZαA-smPtCrustin2. Subsequently the linearized pPICZαA-smPtCrustin2 was transformed into competent Pichia X-33 cells by electroporation. The yeast transformants harboring multi-copy gene insertions were screened using plate containing high concentration of zeocin. The target protein was induced with 0.5% methanol at 28℃ and 250 r/min. The recombinant smPtCrustin2 was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of purified recombinant smPtCrustin2 was about 9.6 ku, and an about 20 ku-dimer was also found. Western Blot analysis further confirmed that the purified product was the expected target protein. The recombinant smPtCrustin2 with an expression yield of 22.4 mg/L was obtained by the P. pastoris yeast expression system established in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of adenosine triphosphate on intracellular free calcium in muscle spindle of hind limb immobilization rats YU Lei, ZHAO Xue-hong, FAN Xiao-li, ZHU Juan-xia, Li Xue-ping 2019, 36 (4):  47.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.047 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF   Save The confocal laser scanning microscopy was adopted to observe the changes of resting Ca2+ in soleus intrafusal muscle cells of rats after hindlimb immobilization for a week, and the effect of Na2ATP on Ca2+ cells of intrafusal hindlimb immobilization in rats was observed. The results showed that the resting Ca2+ in soleus intrafusal muscle cells of rats increased significantly after hindlimb immobilization for a week, and after Na2ATP injection, the resting Ca2+ in soleus intrafusal muscle cells of rats had no obvious increase. The experiment suggests that Na2ATP can resist calcium overload of intrafusal muscle cell induced by hindlimb immobilization. This study provides valuable information for the study of rat muscle spindle physiology and the experimental study of calcium ion and weightlessness. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of oleic acid on acute cadmium poisoning and cadmium residue in mice WANG Jing-wen, CHEN Ze-na, GAO Jian, WANG Ya-ling, FANG Zhi-jia， SUN Li-jun, NIE Fang-hong 2019, 36 (4):  50.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.050 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF   Save To explore the alleviated effect of oleic acid on acute cadmium poisoning in mice and its mechanism， 105 SPF Kunming mice were used for acute cadmium toxicity and residue testing. The acute cadmium poisoning mice were orally administered of different doses of oleic acid (10, 15 and 20 mg/kg per day) by 7-day continuously gavage, after then the changes of body weight, liver/kidney index and their cadmium residue were tested, to compare the alleviated effect of oleic acid and vitamin C, a routine antidote, on acute cadmium poisoning of mice. Comparing to vitamin C， 15 and 20 mg/kg·d of oleic acid can more significantly alleviate the body weight loss caused by cadmium exposure. Comparing to significant reduction of liver index by vitamin C, the reduction of liver and kidney index by the oleic acid is not significant. More important, oleic acid significantly reduced the cadmium residue in liver and kidney tissue. The result suggests that compared to vitamin C, the oleic acid can more significantly alleviate the acute cadmium poisoning through efficiently reducing the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney in mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and location of 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator Alligator sinensis REN Shi-jia, CHEN Mei-fang, LIU Zai-qun, ZHOU Ji-hai 2019, 36 (4):  55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.055 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF   Save Nissl staining and immunohistochemical staining method were used to morphologically characterize the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator Alligator sinensis， and the distribution of 5-HT and DA in the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator was investigated for the first time. The results showed that there was a ventriculus cerebelli in the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator and the surface of the cerebellar cortex was not very smooth but with irregular folds. Two cerebellar nuclei termed as the nucleus cerebelli lateralis and the nucleus cerebelli medialis were found in the medulla of cerebellum. The results also showed the cerebellar cortex could be divided into four layers which included external granular layer (EGL), molecular layer (ML), Purkinje cell layer (PCL) and granular layer (GL). Purkinje cell layer could be characterized specially by multilayer. In the transverse sections, the 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) and dopamine-immunoreactive (DA-IR) cells were detected in the EGL; the 5-HT-IR and DA-IR Purkinje cells were also found; there were 5-HT-IR fibers in the ML and GL, the DA-IR fibers could also be found in the ML and GL; a lot of 5-HT-IR and DA-IR fibers were detected in the medulla; the cell bodies of cerebellar nucleus were also detected 5-HT-IR; the substance of CSF was found DA-IR. In the sagittal sections, there were 5-HT-IR cells and DA-IR fibers in the EGL; there were also 5-HT-IR and DA-IR fibers in the ML and GL; the ependymal cells were not detected 5-HT-IR and DA-IR; the cells of the choroid plexus (CP) were found lightly 5-HT-IR and strongly DA-IR. The abundance of 5-HT and DA in cerebellum suggested that these highly conserved neurotransmitters would play important roles in motor control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fauna elements and eco-geographical distribution of locus in Qinghai province HAO Hui-wen, BAO Min, KE Jun, LI Lei-lei, MA Cun-xin, DAN Zhi-cuo, CHEN Zhen-ning 2019, 36 (4):  62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.062 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF   Save To study the aphid flora elements and its eco-geographical distribution in Qinghai Province, from July to October in 2014 and from May to October in 2015-2017, a systematic survey of the locusts was carried out in all the administrative districts of Qinghai Province via belt transect method. Combined with previous studies, a total of 111 species of locusts in Qinghai Province were counted, belonging to 39 genera in 7 families. The number of genera and species of the genus Arcypteridae were the most abundant (49 species of 12 genera), while those of the genus Pyrgomorphldae were the least (1 species in 1 genera). According to the position of locus from Qinghai in Chinese fauna, there were only species of Palaearctic realm (101 species) and Eurytopic species (10 species) distributed in Qinghai Province, accounting for 91.0% and 9.0%, respectively. An absolute advantage was possessed by species of Palaearctic realm. There were more endemic species (58 species), accounting for 52.3%. The order of locus species’ numbers in different habitats was, in descending order, the Hehuang Valley, the southeast of Qinghai, the Qingnan Plateau, the Qilian Mountains, the Qinghai Lake Basin, the Qaidam Basin. The highest proximity existed between the Hehuang Valley and the southeast of Qinghai, while the similarity coefficient between the of the Qingnan Plateau and the of the Qaidam Basin was the lowest. Related Articles | Metrics

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Resistance response of three cool-season turfgrass to tetrachloroethylene stress JIN Song, JIN Jie, WU Ke 2019, 36 (4):  69.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.069 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF   Save The effect of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) on the seeds germination, the level of membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidase system of Festuca elata Keng ex E.-Alexeev, Dactylis glomerata L. and Lolium perenne L. were studied by hydroponic experiment. The results revealed that the prolonged treatment with PCE (0-20 mg/L) produced no significant effect on the seed germination of F. elata, but the germination energy, germination rate and germination index of the L. perenne and D. glomerata were lasted inhibited. The plasma membrane of three turfgrasses’ blades suffered lasting stress, accompanied with enhanced conductivity, MDA content, and cell membrane permeability as well as increasing with highly concent of proline in blades with the increase of the concentration of PCE (0-20 mg/L), while there was the highest content of proline accumulated in the blades of F. elata. All of three grasses displayed decreasing antioxidase activity after initial increase. The peak value of the enzymatic activity of both L. perenne and D. glomerata appeared at 8 mg/L of the PCE concentration, whereas the F. elata reached its peak values in CAT and SOD activity when it was 12 mg/L. It could be inferred that among three kinds of turfgrass, F. elata had the strongest resistance, while L. perenne was most sensitive to PCE, and proline content could be used as the physiological index to the resistance under PCE stress. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of transmembrane protein 43 ZHAO Ke-xue,LIANG Hao-qin, LI Qiong-yi, FENG Ruo-fei 2019, 36 (4):  74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.074 Abstract ( 531 )   PDF   Save Transmembrane protein 43 is a nuclear membrane protein that is highly conserved among species. It is located in the core membrane and endoplasmic reticulum and has a large hydrophilic domain. Epidemiological studies have found that mutations of TMEM43 can lead to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and Emery-Dreyfus muscular dystrophy (EDMD).At present, there are still some difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.In addition, TMEM43 also interacts with other transmembrane proteins, but its function and related pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, the role of TMEM43 in related diseases and the interaction between TMEM43 and associated proteins were summarized. Related Articles | Metrics

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The relationship between cadmium-induced different autophagy effect and calcium-regulated autophagy DAI Shu-ya, ZHOU Yang, SHI Hai-feng, GU Jie 2019, 36 (4):  78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.078 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF   Save Pollution of the environment by the heavy metal cadmium poses a great threat to human health. The long-term accumulation of Cd can cause damage to various organs and systems of the body, such as liver and kidney tissues, immune system and cardiovascular system, etc. The research on toxicity mechanism of Cd mainly focuses on oxidative damage, DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Studies in recent years have suggested that the different effects of Cd on autophagy have a complex relationship with cell survival. Cd is known to induce autophagy which inhibit or facilitate cell apoptosis in different cells. It can also inhibit autophagy flux and induce apoptosis by blocking the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome. Cd affects autophagy by interfering with the lysosomes and metabolism of calcium ions in cells. This paper reviews the different autophagy effects induced by Cd in different cells, and explores its possible molecular mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review of the positive correlation between biodiversity and poverty reduction GUO Wen-yue, WANG Hao, SHEN Wen-xing 2019, 36 (4):  81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.081 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF   Save Biodiversity and poverty reduction are the focus of the international community in recent years.Clearing the relationship between them is conducive to the construction of ecological civilization and the revitalization of the countryside.This paper analyzes and summarizes the relationship between biodiversity protection and poverty reduction,strengthening the protection of biodiversity is the key to the development of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and tourism under the restricted condition of the ecological sustainability, helps to improve the poor livelihoods. It is an effective tool to promote poverty reduction. At present, due to natural disasters, reserve management, poverty alleviation and development mode, the inherent poor lifestyle reasons, biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation development are facing a new dilemma. From the perfection of the mechanism of biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction balance development, industrial structure adjustment and industry for poverty alleviation, common biological diversity ethics we put forward suggestions for the improvement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of chemiluminescent immunoassay for human serum amyloid A ZHOU Qi-yang, HUANG Jian-rong,CHEN Xiang,WANG Chun-xin 2019, 36 (4):  85.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.085 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF   Save This paper aims to develop a sensitive, rapid and stable method that can be used in clinical detection of human serum amyloid A. We established a sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay（CLIA） method to detect human serum amyloid A quantity in blood samples, and its performance was evaluated. The correlation of standard curve was higher than 0.99. The linear range was 5-800 ng/mL. The detection limit of the method was 0.5 ng/mL. Within-run and between-run precision were lower than 8% and 10%, respectively. One hundred and fifty clinical samples were collected to evaluate the methodological consistency between the developed method and Siemens Kit, and the linear regression results showed a great correlation with r2 higher than 0.98.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Using geometric morphometrics to discuss the shape variation and taxonomical similarities of exotic species separately introduced to different regions SU Hai-jun 2019, 36 (4):  89.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.089 Abstract ( 436 )   PDF   Save Geometric morphometrics has been applied as a hot method for biological morphology research in recent years. In this study, geometric morphometrics was used to discuss the taxonomical similarities towards an exotic squirrel species (Callosciurus sp.) introduced separately into France, Belgium and Italy, by analyzing the mandibular shape. The results showed allometry effect can be found with statistical significance throughout all introduced populations, shape variations individually happened at coronoid process, angular process, masseteric ridge, and mental foramen of mandible, while among populations, shape varied largely at angular process; discriminant function analysis indicated the mandibular shapes of three introduced populations significantly differed, in which the French exotic population was more far from the other two, and Belgian and Italian populations were more closer to each other, so, we can deduce the exotic squirrels introduced into Belgium and Italy may belong to same species or origin, and the French introduced squirrel belongs to different one. And, the variations in mandibular shape among them may result from the respective ecological adaptation in different geographic regions. The subtle shape variation and taxonomical differences were investigated and visualized by means of geometric morphormetrics in this paper, which could be useful to taxonomically classify the exotic species and explore the introduced origin, and be referenced for biological morphology of invasive creatures. Related Articles | Metrics

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A hybrid deep neural network for annotating the pathogenicity of genetic variants YANG Shu-xin, TANG Da-rong 2019, 36 (4):  94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.03.094 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF   Save The genetic function of most non-coding regions is unclear, and many genetic variants have been found in these regions. How to identify associated disease variants is still a challenge. A Support Vector Machine based algorithm CADD has been proposed, which can annotate coding and non-coding region variants. However, CADD fails to capture non-linear relationship among features. To solve this problem, this paper designed a hybrid convolutional neural network and fully connected neural network model. This model can capture non-linear relationship well among features. Our method achieves the highest accuracy of 66.44% on the testing set. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rapid extraction and purification of nucleic acid based on magnetic beads ZHANG Cui-zhen， YUAN Xiao-long， CHEN Zhi-he， MAO Zhen-fang，JIAN Shao-qing， ZHAO Da-xian 2019, 36 (4):  97.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.097 Abstract ( 684 )   PDF   Save The purpose of this research is to compare the extraction and purification of nucleic acid, including bacterial genomic DNA, plasmid DNA and bacterial total RNA by using the method of magnetic beads and kit and Trizol methods. The results showed that compared with the kit method and Trizol method, the magnetic bead method was more efficient in the extraction of bacterial genomic DNA and RNA, PCR product detection and purification. However, the efficiency of PCR product recovery and plasmid DNA extraction was lower than that of the kit method, and plasmid enzyme cutting effect was not different from that of the kit method. The results showed that the nanometer magnetic bead method is better than the kit and Trizol methods in nucleic acid extraction and purification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of “ideological and political education” in microbiology ZHANG Mei-ling, JIA Cai-feng, DU Zhen-yu 2019, 36 (4):  102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.102 Abstract ( 540 )   PDF   Save Many virtues including seeking truth, critical thinking and standardizing of natural sciences are helpful in the practice of ideological and political education. Therefore, the courses of natural science are important for educating people not only in knowledge but also in personal qualities. This paper introduced how to screen cases, apply ideological and political idea in microbiology lessons and furthermore, we also summarized some common misunderstandings. The aim of this paper is to explore the connection between the natural science, and the ideological and political ideas, further to improve the educational function of natural science lessons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Art education in mycophyta teaching HAN Yu-zhu， WANG Bao-quan， ZHAO Jian-jun 2019, 36 (4):  105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.105 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF   Save Aesthetic teaching is not only a novel educational idea, but also an effective teaching mode, which is an important way to further deepen mycophyta teaching reform and promote education quality. Mycophyta is a kind of art-rich populations. Mycophyta world and its teaching activities are rich in aesthetics factors. Teaching content and teaching art′s aesthetic factors in mycophyta word roaming course teaching were deeply explored. And all kinds of teaching factors were transformed into aesthetic experience, mycophyta teaching process were merged into beauty appreciation, performance and creation activities.The aim is to make mycophyta teaching show its original aesthetic characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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The practice and exploration of inquiry teaching strategy in the educational innovation of gene engineering LI Xi-bo, ZHANG Hui, LIANG Jun-yu, LI Yuan, ZHANG Ji 2019, 36 (4):  109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.109 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF   Save Inquiry teaching strategy is an important way and carrier to cultivate students′ creative spirit and practical ability. To explore the effect of the new teaching method in genetic engineering, the reform was performed, including updating teaching idea, selecting teaching content, using modern technology, setting up independent experiment course, arranging scientifically and rationally bilingual teaching, combining teaching with scientific research, holding course debate competition and establishing perfect course assessment system. It had stimulated effectively the students′ interest in the curriculum and got a great result in our teaching. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of diversified teaching methods in protein of biochemistry LI Jin-yu, WANG Ru, ZENG Wei-jun, ZHU Chang-qing, ZHAO Hui-xin 2019, 36 (4):  112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.112 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF   Save Protein is the basic content and difficult point of biochemistry, and it is also the opening chapter of biochemistry. Grasping this chapter not only lays a solid foundation for learning enzymes and material metabolism later, but also plays a key role in stimulating students′ interest in learning biochemistry. The flexible application of teaching methods will have a direct effect on the teaching effect of this chapter. According to the characteristics and contents of the chapter of protein, the paper introduced the application of four teaching methods in the process of protein teaching, such as problem guidance, mind map, frontier dynamics and thematic discussion, in order to provide the strategy of improving the teaching quality of biochemistry.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Deconstruction of problem-based knowledge system and teaching experience in cell biology course CHEN Lian-shui, YUAN Feng-hui, ZHOU Ya-ping, LI Jiang 2019, 36 (4):  115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.115 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF   Save The construction of course knowledge system is always the fundamental of course construction and teaching reform. The knowledge system of cell biology course was deconstructed by using PBL model in order to straighten out the relationship among cytology, cell biology and molecular cell biology, to emphasis on its key points, to resolve its difficulty points and to take into account its hot points. It is helpful for teachers and students to better grasp the main goals and tasks of cell biology course, and to improve the level of teaching and learning. At the same time, the author puts forward the experience of teaching under the knowledge system of the course for many years, which can be used for reference. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of research-based teaching in hydrobiology JIANG Zhong-guan, ZHOU Li-zhi, ZHOU Zhong-ze 2019, 36 (4):  120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.120 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF   Save Nowadays, a large number of Chinese universities are endeavoring to research-based university building and training research-oriented innovative talents as one of the most important teaching objectives. The introduction of research-based teaching concept has long been considered as a significant way in teaching reform. However, the knowledge of how to effectively implement research-based teaching in various curriculums remains limited. In this paper, the connotation of research-based teaching and the necessity of carrying out it in hydrobiology was discussed. On this basis, we further put forward five basic strategies for conducting research-based teaching in hydrobiology such as the introduction of research frontiers and hotspots, heuristic guidance, open and interactive discussion, the integration of teaching and practice and the undergraduate tutorial system and research training program. This study is a significant exploration and attempt for the application of research-based teaching in hydrobiology, which may be helpful for the teaching reform on other similar curriculums. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and practice on the teaching of plant tissue culture with the core objective of the training of applied talents HAN Li-min, HUA Wen-ping, WANG Zhi 2019, 36 (4):  123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.123 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF   Save Plant tissue culture is a specialized, practical and highly applied course, which is a necessary and distinctive course for cultivating applied talents of biological science. It aims to help students systematically learn and master general and practical techniques of plant tissue culture. In this paper, we have carried on the research and exploration of the teaching reform to highlight the cultivation goal of innovative and applied talents. The teaching practice has proved that the teaching effect and the quality of talent training has been improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of free-hand sectioning technique in experimental teaching reform of pharmaceutical botany LYU Xiao-xu, CHENG Ya-qing, FAN Min, GUAN Jian-ru 2019, 36 (4):  126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.04.126 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF   Save The course objectives of pharmaceutical botany require students to skillfully master the observation method of plants microstructure， which is based on free-hand sectioning technique. However, there are mostly verified experiments, teacher-led classrooms, simple assessment methods, and a single material in the process of practical teaching, which cannot achieve the experimental teaching goal. Through self provided of experimental materials, improvement of free-hand sectioning technique, reform of teaching methods, and change of assessment methods, students′ practical skills were improved, experimental effects were optimized, and the teaching goals were achieved. At the same time, a brief summary of the experimental reforms effects was made. The reform direction is forecasted in experimental teaching of pharmaceutical botany. Related Articles | Metrics