Table of Content

18 October 2019, Volume 36 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

Select

The effect of intestinal resident viruses on the host immune homeostasis LIU Lei, JIANG Wei 2019, 36 (5):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.001 Abstract ( 503 )   PDF   Save The gut inhabits numerous microorganisms including bacteria, fungi and viruses, which maintains a relationship of dynamic equilibrium and displays a vital role in keeping healthy via coevolution with host. Previous studies about intestinal microorganisms mainly focused on the gut microbiota. In recent years, metagenomic analysis has shown that the intestine harbors various DNA viruses and RNA viruses, including eukaryotic viruses and phages. There is evidence that enteric viruses can mediate immunity through multiple ways. On the one hand, gut viruses can activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to mediate the development and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system directly. On the other hand, it can regulate the composition of commensal microbiota to impact on intestinal immune homeostasis indirectly. In addition, dysbiosis of intestinal resident viruses are often associated with Crohn′s disease, Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer and Type 2 Diabetes and its mechanism are still unclear . Thus, intestinal resident viruses play important roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and health. In this review, we summarized recently findings concerning the effect of intestinal resident viruses on immune homeostasis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction of kctd1 homozygous mutants in zebrafish via CRISPR/Cas9 system LIU Jiao , HUANG Jiao , HU Jin-meng, LI Wei-ming , REN Jian-feng 2019, 36 (5):  7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.007 Abstract ( 540 )   PDF   Save KCTD1(potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1) is one of the members of the potassium channel tetramerization domain containing gene family. The proteins in the gene family possess conserved domains including BTB/POZ domain and K-ketra at the N-terminal, and a variable C-terminal. Mutations and improper expression of human KCTD genes are associated with a variety of diseases. We knocked out the kctd1 gene, the orthologue of human KCTD1, mutation of which caused SEN syndrome in zebrafish(Danio rerio) via CRISPR/Cas9. Two types of homozygous mutants +7 bp and-8 bp were obtained after heterozygous F1 screening and F1 in-cross. This research is of great significance for studying the function of KCTD1 gene and the pathogenesis of KCTD1. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The function study of hoxb7a in hox clusters in zebrafish MENG Xiang-li, BAI Jin-zun, ZHANG Xu-shuai, LI Wei-ming, ZU Yao 2019, 36 (5):  11.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.011 Abstract ( 623 )   PDF   Save The zebrafish hoxb7a gene is the only gene in the seventh paralogous group of hox genes in the evolution of the third genome duplication. In order to study the function of hoxb7a gene in the whole hox gene clusters, we knocked out the zebrafish hoxb7a by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The hoxb7a mutagenesis efficiency was about 43% which was evaluated by T7E1 assay in F0. And we successfully obtained two mutant fish lines of hoxb7a, which were 8 bp deletion and 23 bp deletion. Furthermore, we used QPCR technology to compare the related hox genes expression level changing of wide type zebrafish embryos with that of hoxb7a-/-at 48hpf (hour post fertilization). And the QPCR results showed that the hox genes closed to hoxb7a in the genome were significantly up-regulated (P<0.001), however, the hox genes far away from hoxb7a in the genome had no obvious difference(P>0.05)in hoxb7a mutants comparing with the wide type. This study demonstrated that hoxb7a plays a crucial role in hox clusters, which deepens the understanding of the functional differentiation of duplicate hox genes. At the same time, we successfully established the hoxb7a mutant, which provides a foundation for future mechanism studies on the hoxb7a gene function. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of cold acclimation on the embryogenesis and mtDNA copy number in zebrafish embryos RAN Hao-yu , CHEN Liang-biao 2019, 36 (5):  16.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.016 Abstract ( 492 )   PDF   Save The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of cold acclimation on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies number and development ability at low temperature of zebrafish embryos. The zebrafish was raised under 27℃ until adulthood, and acclimatized under 22℃ for 6 months. Fertilized embryos of acclimation group and wild-type group zebrafishes were collected after mating, then observed the embryogenesis of embryos while developing under lower temperatures which were 22℃ and 20℃ from 0 hpf stage. DNA of the 0 hpf, 8, 12 and 24 hpf embryos was extracted, detected and analyzed comparatively by Absolute Quantification PCR. The results showed that in 0 hpf, the mtDNA copies number of cold acclimation group was significantly lower than that of 27℃ non-acclimation group, and kept the same trend in the later 3 stages, but the gap was narrowing. Meanwhile, the embryos which endured cold acclimation at 22℃ showed higher survival rate than that at 27℃ non-acclimation group. And the embryos could survive under 20 ℃ cold stress.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A GST fused protein expression with high affinity for type I collagen DONG Yu-hong, LI Sui-yan, CHEN Yu-ping 2019, 36 (5):  21.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.021 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF   Save Given that type I collagens dominate among ECMs aberrantly accumulated in fibrotic tissues, we consider to adopt the excellent affinity of the peptide of human PlGF-2 (aa. 123-144) for type I collagens to improve tissue targeting specificity of antifibrotic agents. We firstly modified the DNA coding sequence of peptide PlGF-2123-144 and constructed GST-PlGF-2123-144 prokaryotic expression plasmid. GST-PlGF-2123-144 fused proteins were then expressed in E. coli BL21, affinity purified with glutathione sepharose 4B matrix and PBS dialyzed. High affinity for type I collagen of these prepared GST-PlGF-2123-144 fused proteins was finally confirmed with ELISA assay. Our work contributes to the development of anti-fibrotic drugs that specifically target fibrotic tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of the molecular structure and physicochemical property of human Ryanodine receptors YANG Yue, ZHU Jia-jia, TANG Guai, LONG Ding-xin 2019, 36 (5):  25.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.025 Abstract ( 773 )   PDF   Save Ryanodine receptor (RyR) is an important ligand-gated Ca2+ channel. It is of great significance to analyze the structure and physicochemical properties of RyR, so that we can understand its regulation mechanism. In this study, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the three subtypes of RyR (RyRs). The results showed that RyRs were hydrophilic protein, which have transmembrane structure, phosphorylation sites, and a large number of α-helix, but no disulfide bonds. RyRs have protein bonding and ion channel activity, participate in ion transporting, and so on. The bioinformatics analysis provides an important reference for the mechanism research and biological experiment of RyR. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Genome-wide analysis of putative sugar transporter proteins in eukaryotic microalgae LIU Ya-ming, CHEN Gao, QIN Song, CUI Yu-lin, CUI Hong-li 2019, 36 (5):  31.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.031 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF   Save Sugar transporter proteins are located in the cell membrane and are a group of important transmembrane proteins. Sugar transporter proteins transport carbohydrate from extracellular to intracellular for the use of cells. Sugar transporter proteins, as sugar sensors, play an important role in eukaryotic microalgae, breast-feeding animals and higher plants. In this study, comparative genomics analyses were applied to study sugar transporter proteins and to explore their distribution, classification, phylogeny, evolution and structure in eukaryotic microalgae. Twenty-eight eukaryotic microalgae genomes were examined for putative genes of sugar transporter proteins and 70 putative sugar transporter protein sequences were found, which were 9 types of HUP1， 39 types of HUP2 and 22 types of HUP3. Sugar transporter genes of eukaryotic microalgae were origin of bacterium. In this study, a general framework of the sequence-structure-function connections of the sugar transporter genes was revealed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Cloning, expression and bioinformatics analysis of ahpC gene  of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis ZHENG Hang-hui, GAO Sheng, YANG Yu-ze, WU Run, WAN Xue-rui, WANG Chuan, LIU Lei 2019, 36 (5):  36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.036 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF   Save In order to study the role of AhpC of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis in thermophilic adaptation, the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a :: ahpC was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using PCR to amplify the ahpC of T. tengcongensis. mRNA expression levels of the ahpC at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 75 ℃ and 80 ℃ were analyzed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mass of AhpC was 26 ku, which was mainly in soluble form. qRT-PCR analysis shown that the mRNA expression of ahpC was increased with the increase of temperature. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the ahpC gene was 663 bp in length and encoded 220 amino acids. The contents of Glu (E) and Lys (K) were higher than those of normal bacteria. It is predicted that 29.1% of the amino acids in the secondary structure of the protein are involved in the formation of α-helix structure. The tertiary structure of the AhpC in Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis is significantly more compact than those of E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The results of this study have a certain help for the study of thermophilic adaptation of Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Determination of interferon alpha1 and alpha2 allele composition in the genomic DNA from Chinese healthy Han population WANG Bing, YANG Hao-xin, YANG Nan, JU Yong-xing, LU Chen, CHENG Lian-sheng, GONG Qing-guo 2019, 36 (5):  41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.041 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF   Save Human interferon alpha 1 and alpha 2 gene have been found to have three alleles. Interferon alpha 1 has three alleles: IFNαD, IFNα1 and IFNα1/158Val, while interferon alpha 2 has three alleles: IFNα2a, IFNα2b and IFNα2c. But to date, there is not the research about interferon α1 and α2 allele composition in the genomic DNA from Chinese healthy Han population. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of these two interferon gene variants in Chinese Han population. The white blood cell genomic DNA from 100 healthy Chinese Han subjects who randomly selected was extracted. Gene fragments of interferon alpha1 and interferon alpha2 were amplified by self-designed primers using PCR method. The nucleotide sequences of amplified interferon α1 and interferon α2 gene fragments were determined by first generation full automatic DNA sequencing. Sequencing analysis showed that only IFNα1 and IFNα2b gene was detected in 100 Chinese healthy subjects, and all of the volunteers had identical nucleotide sequences in the coding region of the both interferon α subtype gene fragments. And no other variants of the interferon alpha1 and interferon alpha2 genes were detected in these Chinese subjects. This study suggested that IFN α1 and IFN α2b were the dominant alleles of interferon a1 and interferon a2 of Chinese Han people, respectively, which were suitable for Chinese people to use in clinic. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Self-induced expression in Escherichia coli for P450-105D1 of Streptomyces Virginia and identification of its hydroxylation activity for androstenedione ZHANG Yan, HAN Mao-zhen, LUO Xue-cai, WANG Jing-jing, ZHOU Ming-hui, CHEN Ya-jun 2019, 36 (5):  46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.046 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF   Save Androstenedione is an important intermediate in the production of steroid medicine. Its C9 hydroxylation product, 9-hydroxyandrostenedione, is also a precursor of many important steroid medicines and has important clinical medicinal value. Therefore, the production of 9-hydroxyandrostenedione by microbial transformation has important economic value. In this study, the svu005 gene of Streptomyces Virginia IBL14 was fused with pET28a plasmid and introduced into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The expression of CYP105D1 protein was induced by optimized self-induction medium, and various substrates, including androstenedione, were used for microbial transformation. The results showed that the constructed recombinant plasmid pET28a-svu005 was successfully expressed in E. coli. The production of self-induced active protein was 0.0916 nmol/L in ZYM medium, which was significantly higher than that of traditional IPTG induction method (0.0367 nmol/L). The expressed product CYP105D1 protein has the function of biotransforming androstenedione to 9-hydroxyandrostenedione. This study has opened up a new way for the synthesis of 9-hydroxyandrostenedione by microbial transformation and has a good prospect of industrial application. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Screening, identification, biocontrol potential evaluation of strains against tobacco black shank LU Xin-li, LEI Ting, QIU Ke-gang, JIANG Tong, DING Ting, HUANG Yan-zhang, QI Yong-xia 2019, 36 (5):  52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.052 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF   Save Seventy-three rhizosphere bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco collected from Qiannan tobacco growing area by dilution method. Dual culture method was used to study the inhibition of 73 strains on the Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. The results showed that XPGJ05, YWGJ07, LSGJ04, WAGJ07 and LLGJ04 had strong antagonistic effect against P. parasitica var. nicotianae. The mycelial growth inhibition rates of XPGJ05, YWGJ07, LSGJ04, WAGJ07 and LLGJ04 were 52.7%, 51.8%, 53.9%, 51.2% and 59.5% with dual culture method, respectively. In metabolic liquid test, the mycelial growth inhibition rates were 71.9%, 78.3%, 68.7%, 69.2% and 64.3%, respectively. In the field experiment, the control effect on tobacco black shank of YWGJ07 was significantly higher than the control fungicide metalaxyl mancozeb and biocontrol agent. It is showed that YWGJ07 has potential application value. YWGJ07 was identified as Bacillus sp. by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis on optimum model of light response curve of desert plants in Jinchuan WANG Yin-di, JU Tian-zhen, ZHOU Yu-xia, WAN Zi-dong, GAO Tian-peng, YANG Ying-li 2019, 36 (5):  57.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.057 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF   Save In order to explore the photosynthetic characteristics of eremophytes in Jinchuan Mining area, the photosynthesis-light responses of Arnebia szechenyi, Halogeton glomeratus and Salsola arbuscula were measured with Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis system, and then the fitting analysis was carried out to improve the accuracy of photosynthetic response curve fitting and investigate the three species photosynthetic physiological characteristics. The results showed that the different models had great differences in fitting results of light response curve of the same plant, and the same model had also obvious differences in fitting results of the different species; the orthogonal hyperbolic correction was the optimal model for the fitting effect of the Arnebia szechenyi and Salsola arbuscula, while the non-orthogonal hyperbolic model was the best model for the fitting result of the Halogeton glomeratus; the Arnebia szechenyi had the greatest photosynthetic capacity, followed by Salsola arbuscula and Halogeton glomeratus. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of KT and 6-BA on the fruit quality in ‘Hongyan’ strawberry ZHANG Li-ying, LIU Xue-xia, ZHU Chang-hua, GAN Li-jun 2019, 36 (5):  62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.062 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF   Save In this paper, the effects of KT and 6-BA on the size, weight and quality of ‘Hongyan’strawberry fruit were studied in 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after pollination of strawberry. The results showed that exogenous application of both KT and 6-BA significantly increased the fruit weight and size, elevated the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and free amino acids in strawberry fruits. The content of antioxidant substances such as ascorbic acid anthocyanin, total phenols, and flavone were also enhanced by treatments of KT and 6-BA. The results indicated that cytokinin had a positive effect on strawberry fruit quality and has the application prospect in strawberry production. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Leaf N-P stoichiometry of Cinnamomum camphora and the relationships with soils and leaf traits in urban area of Anqing City TAO Ye, WU Gan-lin, QIU Dong 2019, 36 (5):  67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.067 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF   Save Seven habitats in Anqing City were selected, leaf samples of Cinnamomum camphora and the corresponding soil samples were collected in either summer or winter, and then the variation characteristics of leaf N-P stoichiometry on seasons and habitats and their correlations, and the relationships with soils and leaf functional traits were analyzed. The result showed that, the average contents of leaf N were 10.91 and 11.10 mg/g, the mean values of leaf P were 1.04 and 1.07 mg/g, and the mean values of leaf N∶ P were 10.62 and 10.47, reflecting obvious N limitation. The variation coefficients ranged from 0.158 and 0.275, showing moderate and weak variation. The leaf stoichiometric characteristics varied in habitats and seasons in different habitats, but non-significant tendency was found. Leaf N and P represented isometric relationship in summer, while they presented allometric relationship that the allocation rate of leaf N is higher than leaf P. The allocation rate of leaf P in summer was higher than that in winter, according with the Growth Rate Hypothesis. Leaf stoichiometric characteristics of C. camphora were related with soil factors weakly, but correlated with leaf traits (e.g., leaf size and water content) closely. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Gagea——a newly recorded genus of Liliaceae in Jiangsu Province LIU Jia, WANG Zhen, WU Zhou, GAO Ya-jun, SHEN Yong-bao, XUE Ting-ting, LIU Wei 2019, 36 (5):  72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.072 Abstract ( 459 )   PDF   Save The genus Gagea and the species Gagea nakaiana are reported as new records in Jiangsu Province. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of benthic index of biotic integrity for aquatic ecological assessment in the upper reaches of Zhanghe River CUI Wen-yan, MENG Xian-zhi, ZHANG Shi-lu, KONG Fan-qing 2019, 36 (5):  73.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.073 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF   Save In order to evaluate the ecological health condintion of the upper reaches of Zhanghe River, an adapted benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed in 2015. Macro-invertebrates were sampled at 12 monitoring stations which were grouped into two condition categories (reference and impaired stations) according to the level of degradation. A total of 47 benthic macroinvertebrates taxa were identified, including aquatic insects 33 taxa (including Chironomidae 16), Mallusca 8, Annalida 3 and Crustacea 3 taxa. Aquatic ecosystem healthy assessment was researched using Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (B-IBI). Eighteen candidate biological metrics in 4 categories based on macro-invertebrate assemblages were chosen, and value distribution, discriminatory power and pearson correlation were analysed. Meanwhile, total taxa and percentages of (Crustacea + Mollusca) %, tolerant taxa % and predators % were screened out to form a B-IBI index system for the upper reaches of Zhanghe River. Assessment results using B-IBI showed that in the whole watershed, 5 of sampling stations were in "healthy" and "sub-healthy" state, 3 were in "fair" state, and 4 were in "poor" or "very poor" state. Discussion about the ecological condition and B-IBI evalution results of the whole watershed was conducted. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress of thermophilic esterase LI Ting-ting, ZHANG Tian-xi, WU Jun-ming, CHEN Hua-you 2019, 36 (5):  78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.078 Abstract ( 439 )   PDF   Save Esterases (Esterases, EC 3.1.1.X) is a general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester bonds and has been widely used in the field of biocatalysis. In industrial production and application, esterases from the mesophilic microorganisms are unstable and easily lose their activity in environments, such as high temperature, high pressure and organic reagents however, thermophilic esterase, because of its origin, has unique advantages in heat resistance, organic reagents and catalytic rate and so on. In recent years, thermophilic esterase has become the focus of biological catalysis research. This paper firstly analyzed the various sources of thermophilic esterase, expounded the heat resistant mechanisms of thermophilic esterase, discussed its immobilization methods, and then the main application and research progress were summarized, and the shortage in the contemporary study of thermophilic esterase and the development trend of the future was pointed out . Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress on the mutation mechanism of heavy ion on microorganism CUI Jin-na, HU Jian-hua, WANG Feng, LI Yong-li, LIU Zhan-ying, SHI Ya-li 2019, 36 (5):  82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.082 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF   Save In recent years, heavy ion beam has had a wide application and get some good effects in microbial breeding as a new radiation mutation source because of some advantages, such as light damage, high mutation rate, wide mutation spectrum, higher energy transmission line density, typical Bragg effect, smaller oxygen increasing ratio. However, the mutation mechanism of the new mutation resource has not been explored clearly because of the complexity of interaction between heavy ion beam and microorganism, and the differences in different microorganism. The unknown in mutation mechanism hindered the combination of heavy ion mutation and genetic engineering strain modification technique, and thus limited the development of reverse metabolic engineering. The research progress of the mutation mechanism of heavy ion on microorganism was introduced in the paper in order to provide a reference for the application of heavy ions in strain modification. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress of uPAR in diagnosis and therapy of tumors HAN Qian-qian, ZHOU Qin, ZHANG Lan-lan, WU Peng-fei, MA Teng-fei, MA Bing-bing, XU Chang-zhi, ZHANG Bu-chang 2019, 36 (5):  85.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.085 Abstract ( 663 )   PDF   Save The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a glysocylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor protein, which regulates proteolysis and cooperate with transmembrane receptors to activate a series of signaling pathways in cells, promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Meanwhile, uPAR was overexpressed in a panel of malignancies, which has become a potential target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. At present, imaging techniques for tumor diagnosis mainly include X-ray, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography(PET), among which PET has received extensive attention due to its ultra-high sensitivity and specificity. Accumulating reports have shown that PET imaging with small molecules and antibody targeting uPAR could achieve localization and quantitative detection of tumor cells. At the same time, the proliferation, invasion and migration of colon cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer could be significantly inhibited by blocking the interaction between uPA and uPAR or repressing the expression of uPAR in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarized the role of PET imaging with small molecules and antibody targeting uPAR for tumor diagnosis and the research progress of uPAR for tumor-targeted therapy.  Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research progress of gamma-aminobutyric acid regulating female reproduction SI Wen-yu, YAO Zhi-qiu, FANG Fu-gui 2019, 36 (5):  89.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.089 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF   Save Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a free-state, non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in nervous tissues and peripheral tissues. It has various physiological functions such as brain-enhancement, analgesia, and hypnosis. Studies have shown that GABA also affects the reproductive function through the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis in female animal. The paper reviewed the role of GABA in reproductive endocrine, oocyte development and puberty, which provides a basis for further studying its effect on reproduction of female animal. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A review of computational fluid dynamics and its application in quantitative analysis of the morphological function of palaeontology GUO Ying, WANG Jing-ying, ZHANG Fu-cheng, LEI Li, ZHAO Yan , WANG Yan , WANG Xiao-li 2019, 36 (5):  92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.092 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF   Save Deciphering the relationship between the morphology and function of palaeontology is an important part of the reconstruction of palaeontological lifestyle, which is of great significance for the determination of palaeontological evolution process, taxonomic position and paleoenvironmental information. However, palaeontological groups often lack quantitative data about some behavioral function, and it is difficult to find living organisms which are similar to the study objects. That has become the biggest obstacle for their morphological function analysis at present. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a tool for generating quantitative data based on numerical simulations of fluids and solid, has been able to easily solve any two-dimensional and most three-dimensional flow fields, including paleomorphological functional simulation and analysis. In this paper, the history of biological morphological function and the brief the basic principle of CFD were carried on, the general flow of functional analysis of CFD in paleontology and the application of CFD in paleontology form function analysis were summarized. CFD has great potential in sovling the argumentation of long-standing paleontology function and ecology hypothesis. Finally, the application of CFD in paleontology foreground was prospected. CFD created a new research direction for fossil biological form function correlation analysis and performance test. In the future, CFD should become an important method and powerful tool for paleontologists to find out the problems related to fossil functional biology. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Screening of cadmium resistant endophytic bacteria and immobilized for treating cadmium of wastewater YANG Pei, SHI Xian-yang 2019, 36 (5):  96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.096 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF   Save A cadmium-resistant endophytic bacterium was isolated from reed rhizosphere and identified as Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae SH-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cd2+ was up to 450 mg/L, and microscopic observation showed that the cell surface adsorption mechanism was involved in the removal process of Cd2+. FTIR analysis showed that O-H, N-H, C-H, N≡C-,-NO2, C=S, P=O and S-O were all involved in the adsorption. The strain was immobilized using sodium alginate. The effects of contact time, pH and Cd2+ initial concentrations on Cd2+ adsorption by immobilized beads were investigated and the adsorption properties were also explored through adsorption kinetics. The result showed that the removal efficiency was over 93.24% while the initial Cd2+ concentration of 100 mg/L, contact time of 480 min and pH of 5.0. The isothermal adsorption characteristics of Cd2+ could be described by Langmuir isothermic adsorption model with the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 187.41 mg/g. On the other hand, the pseudo-second-order model well fitted the kinetic process of Cd2+ adsorption by immobilized SH-1 and the theoretical equilibrium adsorption capacity was 51.02 mg/g. The results showed that the immobilized endophytic bacterium SH-1 could be a great potential biosorbent. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Exploration for effective teaching methods in genetics experiment ZHANG Yuan-li, PANG Yan-jun 2019, 36 (5):  101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.101 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF   Save Genetics is a core curriculum in life science, medicine, agronomy and some related fields. Genetics experiment is very important in genetics curriculum learning. At present, the problem of our genetics experimental teaching is time compression. The teaching method is also outmoded and behind course content. In order to solve these questions, we take comparative teaching method and flipped class model in genetics experiment teaching. Students can also design and do experiments in the open laboratory of genetics. Digital microscope and stereoscope are also used in the experimental teaching to improve the quality of genetics experiment. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Teaching practice and experience of the virology course of biotechnology major in the medical university LYU Xin, ZHANG Fang-lin, BAI Yin-lan, WU Xing-an 2019, 36 (5):  104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.104 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF   Save Virology course is one of backbone courses of the biotechnology major in our university. Considering of the characteristics of students in this major, a variety of teaching methods were used in the virology curriculum teaching class, including Discussion-lecture-based learning (Discussion-LBL), Problem-based learning (PBL), and teacher-student role exchange mode. The different teaching methods have the corresponding advantages and achieve good teaching effects, which lay foundations for solid theoretical knowledge and basic skills, problem-solving ability, and good teaching and scientific literacy of students. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Exploration of theory and practice education reform for  biological instrument analysis HUANG Yi, MA Lin, CHEN Hong-ying, LI Liang-chun, ZHENG Ren-lin 2019, 36 (5):  108.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.108 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF   Save Biological instrument analysis is a kind of instrumental analysis course, especially for related majors in life science. The traditional teaching methods of this course showed many problems, such as the teaching focus was not outstanding, and the correlation between practice education and life science was a little weak. According to the reflection on above problems, we established a set of theoretical and practical curriculum reform programs. After spending two years to innovate and practice, we obtained satisfactory teaching effect in our school. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Investigations in thematic and integrated issues design in biochemistry experimental teaching RUAN Hai-hua, MENG Dan, WANG Su-ying 2019, 36 (5):  112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.112 Abstract ( 214 )   PDF   Save Under the background of continuous increasing enrollment of undergraduate students, it is a necessary practice to reform traditional biochemistry experimental teaching to cultivate talents with innovative and skilled technical capability. Based on the knowledge bases of our students and the aim of major construction, we applied thematic and integrated teaching reform on experimental teaching of biochemistry. Multi-perspective experimental designs were carried out around the same subject, in which each experiment theme was relatively independent but closely inter-related among various experiments. This reform would help students forming a multi-dimensional and stereoscopic knowledge structure and improving the learning effect of experimental teaching, and then promoting the study of biochemical theory and guiding the future practical application. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comprehensive reforms and practices in biotechnology specialty YANG De-long, ZHANG Ning, LI Meng-fei, WEI Xiao-hong, LI Bao-chun, SI Huai-jun 2019, 36 (5):  115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.115 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF   Save Biotechnology specialty has a wide scope and large scale in colleges and universities nationwide. However, there is prominent contradiction between the quality of talent training and the social demands. In this case, how to improve the quality of talent training and better meet the needs of society has become an urgent problem to be solved in the higher education of biotechnology. In the past 20 years, the development of biotechnology specialty in our university experienced continuous exploration and innovation. Combining with the teaching quality of the national standard of biotechnology undergraduate and specialty-running practice, biotechnology specialty gradually formed the talent-cultivation system characteristics of regional agricultural biotechnology. The talent-cultivation system highlighted in a new implementation in talents training mode as "large class enrollment, modular training", optimizing the personnel training programs, strengthening the teaching comprehensive reform in teaching,and actively promoting the innovation and entrepreneurship education. The reforms and practices in biotechnology specialty are propitious to meet the personalized and innovative talents cultivation, and better adapt to the social demands for biotechnological talents. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Design and application of diversified methods in gene engineering teaching FANG Ze-min, LIU Juan-juan, FANG Wei, XIAO Ya-zhong 2019, 36 (5):  118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.118 Abstract ( 199 )   PDF   Save The gene engineering has revolutionized the life sciences. It gradually becomes the core technology of modern bio-industries and is widely used in industrial, agricultural, and medical areas. As an important basic course of students studying life science, “Gene Engineering” possesses the characteristics of strong specialty, abstract content, and rapid technological development, and so on. By employing several strategies, including selecting and arranging teaching contents reasonably, deepening the connection between theory and application by combining the multimedia with “online” materials, enhancing students′ interest in learning based on “the history of gene engineering”, expanding frontier knowledge to enhancing students′ interaction and initiative, the application of diversified teaching mode in genetic engineering teaching was explored, practiced, and summarized. Results showed that the diversified teaching mode can effectively stimulate students′ interest in studying the principles and applications of genetic engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The application of the teaching model of thinking cultivation in microbiology teaching SUN Xian, ZHU Gui-lan, CHEN Jin-wu, CHEN Yan-song, HAN Fei 2019, 36 (5):  121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.121 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF   Save As the basis for innovative thinking, cultivation of critical thinking is of great significance to fulfilling the goal of cultivating innovative talent if integrated into higher education and teaching. Based on the idea of the integrated curriculum model, this paper made an attempt to build a “2-stage” teaching model of critical thinking cultivation of microbiology, which includes first, students were guided to use self-developed question lists based on the Toulmin Model of Argument and Socratic model of questioning for thinking training; second, based on the thinking training, collaborative learning which includes five steps， was organized to foster critical thinking skills. Test results showed that the optimized Toulmin Argumentation, the Socratic Method and critical collaborative learning was an important means to implement the “2-stage” teaching model of critical thinking cultivation. The“2-stage” teaching model could significantly improve the overall critical thinking abilities of the students（t=0.75， df=43, P＜0.01）， and developing this mode will plays a positive role in training new talent good at innovative thinking. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Reform and practice of floriculture course teaching in agriculture and forestry universities ZHANG Shui-ming, DONG Li-li 2019, 36 (5):  124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.124 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF   Save Floriculture is a core course for horticulture and landscape architecture students in agriculture and forestry universities. In order to improve students′ innovative spirit and ability of starting an undertaking, the teaching contents and methods, practice teaching, comprehensive capacity expansion, assessment methods around the course were discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Design and primary practice of training students’ research thinking-driven comprehensive experiment in basic medicine#br# #br# CHEN Chuan, YIN Chang-chang, ZHANG Yi-ping, ZHOU Xu-feng, CAO Jun, WANG Li-li, WU Wei, YU Wen-min, WU Ya-hua, KE Xiu-mei 2019, 36 (5):  127.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.05.12 Abstract ( 385 )   PDF   Save The design and the preliminary practice of comprehensive experiment on the detection of apoptosis in human normal hepatocytes LO2 cell lines induced by hydrogen peroxide were introduced in this paper. The lab courses in molecular biology, cell biology and biochemistry were integrated, the principle of experiment design focuses on clinical problems, combining practice with classic in experimental means were emphasized, integrating virtual and reality in teaching methods were adopted, and combining teaching and research in launched teaching model. In order to cultivate innovative and applied talents with comprehensive skills, interest and thinking of research were improved, the basic skills of research were experienced, and the team cooperation was strengthened. Related Articles | Metrics