Table of Content

18 June 2016, Volume 33 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Construction of lentivirus expression vector of human CARABIN and screening of cell line stably expressing CARABIN LIU Kai-yu, JIANG Wei, WANG Rui-na, WU Jia-xue, DANG Yong-jun 2016, 33 (3):  1.  Abstract ( 343 )   PDF   Save The aim of this study is to construct the lentivirus expression vector of human CARABIN and to screen the Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) cell SU-DHL-6 for stable expression of CARABIN. ORF of Carabin was amplified by PCR, then the lentiviral vector of over-expression Carabin was constructed using the method of Homologous recombination, confirmed by DNA sequencing and named pLENTI-cGFP-CARABIN. The constructed recombinant vector was co-transfected with psPAX2 and pMD2.G into HEK293T cells to produce the lentiviral particles on the ratio of 3:2:1 by PEI transfection reagent. The lentiviral particles were transduced into SU-DHL-6 cells and the infection efficiency was measured by Fluorescence Microscope. The cells were sorted by the Flow Cytometer (FCM) after 2 weeks. The expression of CARABIN and GFP in the stable cell lines was detected by Western Blot. The lentiviral vector pLENTI-cGFP-CARABIN for overexpression in blood cells was constructed and validated by sequencing. The cell line of stably overexpresiong CARABIN in SU-DHL-6 was confirmed by Western Blot. The over-expression lentiviral vector of human Carabin has been successfully constructed and cell lines for stable expression of CARABIN have been successfully established. This will shed a light on the future study of CARABIN′s function in a variety of lymphoma or leukemia models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sequence analysis and stress-related changes of the annexin B1 gene in Neobenedenia melleni#br# MA Wen-jing, SHI Yu-hong, CHEN Jiong 2016, 33 (3):  5.  Abstract ( 278 )   PDF   Save  Annexins (ANX) are a multigene family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding proteins, which are involved in the processes, such as membrane repair, ion channel regulation, signal transduction, vesicular transport and cell proliferation. Some anxs are expressed in the growth and environment (thermal and salinity)-dependent manner. In this study, bioinformatic approaches were used for sequence analysis of Neobenedenia melleni anxb1 (nmanxb1). And RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of nmanxb1 responding to the developmental and environmental changes. The results revealed that NmANXB1 was consist of 4 similar repeats made up of α helices, which contained 3 type II Ca2+ binding sites, 6 type III Ca2+ binding sites, and a KGD motif. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of some anxs showed that nmanxb1 grouped with other the parasitic helminth anxs belonging to group B. The results of RT-qPCR suggested that nmanxb1 mRNA was mainly expressed in the egg. Thermal stress (cold or hyperthermal stress) caused obviously increased nmanxb1 mRNA expressions in the egg, and hyperthermal and low salinity strss elevated significantly its expressions in the adult. It suggests that nmanxb1 may be involved in development and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (fps) from Portunus trituberculatus and its expression during the ovarian development ZHU Tao, ZHU Dong-fa, QIU Xi-er, ZHOU Yan-qi, LIU Zhi-ye， XIE xi 2016, 33 (3):  10.  Abstract ( 322 )   PDF   Save Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, participates in the synthesis of methyl farnesoate (MF) in the crustaceans. To study the regulatory role of FPS during ovarian development of the crustaceans, a full-length of fps (Ptfps, GeneBank accession number: KM013803) was cloned from Portunus trituberculatus by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length of Ptfps was 2 360 bp and it contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1 290 bp encoding a protein of 429 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis found that PtFPS has seven prenyltransferase conserved regions, and exhibits the highest identity (58%) with FPS of Zootermopsis nevadensis. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis results showed that fps was mainly expressed in mandibular organ (MO), and the expression level was much higher than that in other tissues (P < 0.01). During the first ovarian development, the expression of fps significantly increased to the highest levels at stage Ⅳ (P < 0.05), and then slightly declined; During the second ovarian development, the expression of fps significantly increased to the highest level at stage Ⅲ (P < 0.05), and reached to the maximum at stage Ⅳ. The above results indicated that fps may closely related to the regulation of ovarian development in P. trituberculatus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) hipposin antimicrobial peptide in Pichia pastoris and its purification#br# LI Wen-jing, TAO Yan 2016, 33 (3):  15.  Abstract ( 310 )   PDF   Save Hipposin is the N-terminal derivative of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) histone H2A with 51 amino acids, which has a good ability to inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cDNA encoding hipposin (hip) was optimized and synthesized with reference to the codon preference of Pichia pastoris and its native cDNA sequence, respectively. In this synthesized fragment, nucleotides encoding recognition site for the enzyme (Kex2) cutting?α-factor signal peptide and 6×His tag were added to 5′ and 3′ terminals, respectively, and Xho I and Xba I restriction sites were added to the both ends. This fragment was ligated with pPICZαA to construct the recombinant expression vector pPICZαA-hip. The pPICZαA-hip was transformed into P. pastoris X-33. The yeast transformants containing multicopy gene insertion were selected by using Zeocin, and identified by PCR for yeast genomic DNA. Expression was induced by adding 1% methanol at 30℃ and 250 r/min. Immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used to purify the target protein. The most appropriate expression time was 96 h. Western Blot analysis demonstrated that the His monoclonal antibody could be specifically bound to expressed products. The highly purified target protein was obtained from the fermentation supernatant, but it was found that a part of the expressed product was hydrolyzed. The present results provide important initial values for preparation of hipposin by recombinant DNA expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression stability evaluation of reference genes in Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) ZHANG Jia-ling, XUE Liang-yi, SHI Jun-xing 2016, 33 (3):  20.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF   Save Selection of a suitable reference gene is an important prerequisite for precise analysis of target gene expression by Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR). In this paper, the partial sequence of three reference genes, β-actin and GAPDH, EF1-α, from spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius were firstly cloned, and then the Ct values of the four reference genes in various tissues were measured by qPCR. Three different statistical algorithms including geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper were used to analyze the expression stability of the four reference genes in different tissues. The result showed that the most stable reference gene was EF1-a, followed by 18S ribosomal RNA. It provides a useful basis for selecting of the appropriate reference gene in Spanish Mackerel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of trihelix transcription factor gene in Cnidium monnieri#br# WANG Xi-qiang, YIN Deng-ke, CHU Jun, WU Jia-wen 2016, 33 (3):  24.  Abstract ( 314 )   PDF   Save The aim of this study is to clone the Trihelix transcription factor (ttf) gene in a Chinese medicinal plant Cnidium monnieri(L.) Cuss. and express it in E.coli cells, followed by bioinformatic analysis. The ttf cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss, and plasmid pMD19-T-ttf was constructed by TA cloning. The cDNA fragment was subcloned to pET-22b（+）, and recombinant plasmid pET-22b-ttf was verified by restriction endonuclease analysis and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21, and pET-22b-ttf fusion protein was expressed with induction of IPTG at different concentrations, and then illustrated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Western-Blot assay revealed that fusion protein could be identified by His-tag antibody. The fusion protein was about 21 ku as expected. The molecular characteristics such as physiochemical properties, conserved domain, and sub-cellular localization of the TTF protein were determined using a series of bioinformatic tools. ttf was cloned and recombinant plasmid pET-22b-ttf was constructed, and then the fusion protein was expressed successfully, which will lead to the further study of the structure and function of ttf. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue-specific expression pattern and total anthraquione contents analysis of shikimate kinase from Cassia obtusifolia#br# LI Yang-yang, LI Zhuo-bin, YU Ji-hua, LI Juan-juan, WANG Wan-jun, ZHOU Jia-yu, LIAO Hai 2016, 33 (3):  30.  Abstract ( 302 )   PDF   Save Tissue-specific expression pattern of shikimate kinase from Cassia obtusifolia L. was analyzed and then the total anthraquione content in different organs was determined, which aimed at providing a theoretical basis for the study of the role of shikimate kinase from Cassia obtusifolia in anthraquinone biosynthesis. The total RNA of nonage seed, callus and mature leaves and so on of C. obtusifolia were extracted and subjected for cDNA synthesis. The expression quantitative analysis of CoSK in different tissues was estimated by real-time PCR. At the same time the anthraquione was extracted by ultrasonic extracting method, and the total anthraquione contents were determined by UV. Shikimate kinase showed a significantly high expression level in the root, callus and cotyledon of C. obtusifolia and a relatively low expression level in stem, pod and nonage seed. Anthraquione illustrated high content in seeds, pod, flowers and roots of C. obtusifolia, whereas mature leaves and hypocotyls did not find anthraquinone. The biosynthesis of C. obtusifolia in anthraquinone involved multiple organizations and in early stages (including shikimate kinase- catalyzed reaction) occured mainly in roots and mature leaves and other tissues. The intermediate products were transported to seeds and other tissues and completed the later stages of the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthraquinone final product, which was supposed to provide a guideline for the rational utilization of different medicinal parts of C. obtusifolia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation characteristic of MHC-DRA exon 2 in six deer genera of family Cervidae and phylogenetic evolution compared with Cyt b YOU Yu-yan,ZHANG Cheng-lin1,ZHANG Jin-guo,RUAN Xiang-dong,ZHANG Lin-yuan,ZHONG Zhen-yu,ZHENG Chang-ming,LIU Xue-feng, WANG Wei,CAO Chang-lei 2016, 33 (3):  34.  Abstract ( 310 )   PDF   Save In this study, the variation characteristics and revealed evolutionary selection mode at the molecular level of the major histocompatibility complex dra (mhc-dra) exon 2 in the six deer genera of family Cervidae were investigated and compared with cyt b gene. 246 bp of mhc-dra exon 2 sequences of six deer genera in family Cervidae were obtained based on sequencing method. The results showed that there were 18 polymorphic sites and 13 singleton variable sites. The nucleotide variations of mhc-dra exon 2 were low and each genus had its own unique variation loci. There were 20 putative antigen-binding sites in this region, in which position 63 and 18 were different from genus Equus and Homo, which suggested the six deer genera might have different antigen-binding model. According to the ratio of non-synonymous substitution rates (Ka) and synonymous substitution rates (Ks), the mhc-dra exon 2 is positive selection for Cervus, and is purifying selection for the other five genera. The Neighbor-joining method (NJ)，Maximum likelihood method (ML) and Bayesion inference (BI) of the mhc-dra exon 2 and cyt b were in a similar result, and all formed sister groups between the old world deer and the new one. The gene type of cyt b and mhc-dra exon 2 clearly showed subfamily Muntiacinae is a transition group between subfamily Cervinae and other subfamilies. Climate and environmental changes might be potential reasons to promote the differentiation of mhc-dra exon 2. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the characteristics of molting and growth of Portunus trituberculatus cultured in single individual basket GAO Tian-long, WANG Yan-fei, BAO Xue-ning, REN Zhi-ming, MU Chang-kao, WANG Chun-lin 2016, 33 (3):  41.  Abstract ( 400 )   PDF   Save The rules of molting and growth of Portunus trituberculatus were observed in this study. The crabs were cultured in single individual basket at temperature 15.6℃-31.0℃, salinity of 19.0-30.2. During the growing douration, eleven molting phenomena were observed, the interval of molting increased with the growth. Meanwhile, the average body weight gradually increased from (12±1) mg to (205.23±25.69) g . The relative growth rate of body weight increased rapidly at the period of crablet (Ⅰ~Ⅳ), which ould reach up to 337.50% at the period Ⅳ, but maintained between 194.68% and 199.64% during the juvenile crab period (Ⅴ~Ⅶ) and decreased slowly after Ⅶ period. The correlations between carapace width (CW), body length (BL) and body weight (BW) in each period were exponential, W=1.18×10-4×L2.996 (R2= 1.000) was added to describe the correlation between CW (CW= L) and BW (BW=W). W=4.05×10-4×L2.998 (R2= 1.000) was added to describe the correlation between BL (BL= L) and BW (BW= W). Moreover, a function was established to infer the growth period from body weight with an accuracy of 91.76%. These results can provide some references for the biology studies and culture of P .trituberculatus. Related Articles | Metrics

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The measurement and comparison of basic physiological and biochemical index in SPF and conventional FMMU albimo guinea-pig ZHANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Xiu-yan, CHEN Wo-xun, CHEN Wei-sheng, LIANG Ning, ZHAN Chun-lie 2016, 33 (3):  47.  Abstract ( 389 )   PDF   Save To determine and compare the parameters of blood, heart rate, carotid artery pressure, ventricular pressure and organ indexes between conventional and specific pathogen free (SPF) FMMU albino guinea-pig, a total of 30 conventional guinea-pig and 30 SPF guinea-pig about 250-350 g weight were fed for a week, then blood physiological and biochemical indexes; blood gas and carotid artery pressure were determined; the ventricular pressure was measured by arterial catheterization, and heart rate was measured on the respiratory support condition. Finally, weight of guinea-pig body and main organ was weighed. Comparison of SPF and conventional FMMU albimo guinea-pig showed that the difference of 10 blood physiological indexes, 14 blood biochemical indexes and 15 blood gas indexes were totally significant Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of several diets on the composition of fatty acids and sterols in juvenile Sinonovacula constricta ZHOU Lv, RAN Zhao-shou, YU Shan-shan, ZHOU Hai-bo, XU Ji-lin, YAN Xiao-jun 2016, 33 (3):  52.  Abstract ( 334 )   PDF   Save It is investigated that effects of the four microalgae (Chaetoceros calcitrans, Isochrysis galbana, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira weissflogii) and their mixture, which commonly used as S. constricta rearing diets, on the composition of fatty acids and sterols in juvenile S. constricta. The fatty acid and sterol composition of juveniles were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that different diets have effect on fatty acid and sterol compositions in juveniles, and 16 fatty acids and 7 sterols have been detected. C16:2 detected in T. weissflogii and its mix. Juveniles fed with I. galbana mix was abundant in the species of fatty acids（13-15） and C28:1(Δ5/24Me) (Brassicasterol). Besides, the PUFA percentage content of Juveniles fed with I. galbana mix was higher than that of others. Above all, we choose I. galbana mix as optimal diet because they made lipids of S. constricta juveniles more nitrification. Related Articles | Metrics

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Morphological characteristics of digestive tract in Plagiognathops microlepis MU Dan-li, YUAN Si-ping, XUE Cong-shun, WU Zhong-ning, ZHU Jun-quan 2016, 33 (3):  57.  Abstract ( 361 )   PDF   Save  The present study aims to describe the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract in Plagiognathops microlepis by vivisection, paraffin section and light microscopy. The results showed that the digestive tract of these fish consisted of oral-pharyngeal cavity, esophagus and intestine. The arrangement of their pharyngeal tooth in the oral-pharyngeal cavity was 3.7.3/3.7.3. The tougue was small and triangular, its mucosa surface with taste buds was covered with stratified aquamous epithelium. The esophagus and intestine consisted of mucous, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia. Well-developed plica was present in the esphagus, of which the mucous epithelium was stratified squamous epithelium, including abundant goblet cells and a few taste buds. The intestine was long in length and curve-sharped. The index of the the intestine length was 4.49±0.58. Intestinal villi on the foregut were much more developed than that of the midgut and hindgut. The mucosa layerappeared simple columnar epithelium and the free surface is full of microvilli. The goblet cells of the mucous were much more abundant in the foregut and midgut than in the hindgut. The results indicated that the digestive tract morphology of Plagiognathops microlep is adapted to its omnivorous nature. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research of erythrocyte rheology in several common freshwater fish LIU Jian-gang, ZHANG Da-wu, DONG Rui-hong 2016, 33 (3):  62.  Abstract ( 274 )   PDF   Save The blood rheology in fish is an important physiological mechanism of its blood circulation. the blood viscosity, blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in 6 kinds of common freshwater fish were observed, and the contrast of rheological differences in freshwater fish were analyzed, so as to provide normal hemorheological Physiological parameters of freshwater fish. Experiment fish included crucian carp, grass carp, carp, tilapia, perch and megalobrama amblycephala. 6 kinds of edible freshwater fish, 6 for each kind of fish used for samples, vein blood was extracted from fish tail and anticoagulated with heparin, the blood viscosity of fish was detected with cone and plate method, laser diffraction method, erythrocyte deformability was examined with laser diffraction method, erythrocyte aggregation was observed by optical density method. In the comparison of blood viscosity, carp blood viscosity was （20.78±2.60） mpa·s. under the 1/s low shear rate, compared with the carp blood viscosity, blood viscosity of Megalobrama amblycephala (16.86±2.94） mpa·s and perch (15.55±2.57） mpa·s were significantly lower (P 0.05). The blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology of freshwater fish were closely related with life habits in the water and dietary structure, the effect of the dietary formulation on blood rheology in freshwater fish should be paid abundant attention. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of agronomic traits and environmental factors of different planting-years of Platycodon grandiflorum YANG Pan-pan, LI Shang-bo, LI YAN-yan, NIE Chuan-peng 2016, 33 (3):  66.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF   Save Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial economic crop. It can be used as medicine and food. As a perennial plant, planting-years can also affect the interaction between the root and the cultivation environment. In order to determine the best planting years of Platycodon grandiflorum, 15 agronomic traits of two different planting years of Platycodon grandiflorum were tested, such as root weight, stem diameter and plant height. The biomass distribution of the two planting years Platycodon grandiflorum were tested too, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, buds and fruit. Environmental factors such as the light strength, dew point temperature, humidity and surface and subsurface temperature were tested during the flowering time. The results showed that most agronomic characters of biennial Platycodon grandiflorum were better than those of three years old, including the plant height, root length, leaf area, primary branch number, secondary branch number, flower, buds and fruit number. At the same time, the field environments such as surface low temperature, high humidity, strong light of biennial Platycodon grandiflorum during flowering time were better than those of three years planting Platycodon grandiflorum. All these environments of biennial Platycodon grandiflorum were related with its excellent comprehensive agronomic performance. According to the investigations of Platycodon grandiflorum in Anhui area, planting period of two years is preferred. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the community structure of phytoplankton in  Biliuhe reservoir and rivers of river basin LI Yuan, ZHAO Wen, ZHANG Jia-wei, WEI Jie, CAI Zhi-long, XIE Zai-gang, CHEN Hui-xia 2016, 33 (3):  70.  Abstract ( 332 )   PDF   Save To evaluate Biliuhe reservoir pollution condition and provide guidance for the future development, physicochemical factors, abundance, biomass, species composition and biodiversity of phytoplankton were studied in Biliuhe from August 2014 to May 2015， combined with the result of CCA analyses. A total of 310 species, 124 genera 8 phyla were found in the survey area, including 17 genera and 35 species belonging to Cyanophyta, 86 species, and 26 genera belonging to Bacillariophyta, 20species and 9 genera belong to Euglenophyta, 59 genera and 148 species belonging to Chlorophyta, and others belonging to Pyrrophyta, Chrysopphyta, Xanthophyta and Cryptophyta. The taxon of dominant species was very more, but the dominance degree was very low. The dominant species of rivers and periphytic algae was mainly Bacillariophyta. There were seasonal differences in dominant species of reservoir. The phytoplankton had an abundance ranging from 0.28 and 1.23 107ind./L, and the biomass ranged from 1.41 and 5.50 mg/L. The maximum phytoplankton abundance occurred in May, and the next was in August and October, and the minimum occurred in January. Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexes were better in general, and phytoplankton community structure was more stable. The results of CCA indicated that TP, TN, DO, NO2-N and NH3-N were related with the concentration of Chla, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton. The water of Biliuhe Reservoir was inmoderately eutrophic level. And compared with historical data, it showed that water quality tends to be stable and no obvious changes in recent years. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research progress in pepsin purification and enzymatic activity#br# LIU Yu, DONG Ping, LIANG Xing-guo 2016, 33 (3):  75.  Abstract ( 569 )   PDF   Save The structure and properties of pepsin were summarized in this study. The enzyme system compositions of mammal and fish were concluded and the differences in these pepsins were presented. In addition, the newly founded activities of pepsin including digestion of guar galactomannan and nucleic acids were illustrated in details. As pepsin is the main digestive enzyme, the founding that pepsin is a "multifunctional enzyme". Based on the above, some suggestions were proposed for the future study and application of pepsins. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of the relationship between microbial flora and gastric cancer XU Guo-qiang,ZHANG You-li, YUAN Ying-xue,WANG Wen-bing 2016, 33 (3):  80.  Abstract ( 273 )   PDF   Save Gastric cancer is a common digestive system cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection-related gastritis is a major risk factor for gastric cancer occurence. The risk of gastric cancer occuring in Hp infection is related to the factors of microbial flora in the stomach, immune function and environment. In recent years, studies found that gastrointestinal micro-ecology is closely associated with gastric cancer development. In this paper, the following several aspects to gastric cancer were discussed， including the relationship between Hp and cancer of the stomach, the stomach micro ecological change in cancer, roles of the stomach micro ecology in the cancer development, as well as with the interaction between Hp and probiotics for the cancer prevention. The roles of microenvironment in gastric cancer were analyzed for reference for the clinical treatment of the disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research progress of Toll-like receptors in innate immune system#br# ZHOU Qing, HAO Lu, ZHOU Ze-qiang 2016, 33 (3):  83.  Abstract ( 444 )   PDF   Save Toll-like receptors in innate immune system are of type I membrane glycoproteins. The extracellular domains contain varying numbers of leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) motifs and cytoplasmic signaling domains are homologous to those of interleukin 1 receptors. TLRs can identify the intrusion of foreign bodies in the body. Moreover, in the innate immune system the immune cell response could be activated by TLRs. This paper focused on the research progress of TLRs, ligands, activatory mechanism of TLRs and their targeted drugs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in butterfly as indicators for habitat change ZHANG Li-wei， ZHANG Hong-yu 2016, 33 (3):  88.  Abstract ( 291 )   PDF   Save Butterfly and plants are interdependent and cooperative coevolution, its sensitivity to the unique habitat and convenience of habitat instructions can be used to assess the rapidly change of habitat quality or habitat fragmentation. Attention and clear butterfly as indicator for the habitat are vital to maintaining the stability of ecological system and the sustainable development. Also, butterfly is the sensitive indicator for monitoring short-term ecological restoration. Selecting on of appropriate butterfly taxa to reflect ecological restoration process, monitor and warn the influence of land use on the change butterfly community is in favour of screening and developing suitable ecological restoration measures, simultaneously, providing a new perspective for ecological restoration assessment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research advance in duckweed HUANG Ming-xing, ZHU Si-si, ZHANG Qiu-hong 2016, 33 (3):  92.  Abstract ( 441 )   PDF   Save The Lemnoideae, commonly known as duckweeds, are the smallest, fastest-growing, and simplest of flowering plants. Duckweeds have been extensively used not only in the research of phytophysiology, phytogenetics, plant senescence, ecology and environmental test, but also in the treatment of water contamination, and the screening of herbicides. At present, duckweeds have shown great value in the bio-energy and bio-pharmaceuticals. Based on the studies of our laboratory, the recent researches in the taxology and the genomics of duckweeds were reviewed, and some important breakthroughs in the molecular level and the iopharmaceuticals were pointed out. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics analysis of Shigella flexneri 2a outer membrane protein A and molecular designing of recombinant epitope vaccine LIU Xiang 2016, 33 (3):  99.  Abstract ( 364 )   PDF   Save Shigella flexneri outer membrane protein A (OmpA) has good immunogenicity for application prospect in vaccine development. In this paper, phylogenetic analysis found that Shigella flexneri and enteric bacterium relationship was higher than others by MEGA. By online software, the prediction results showed that OmpA protein is a hydrophilic and secreted protein, exists multiple restriction enzyme sites. Using TMHMM Server v.2.0 software predicted that OmpA has not transmembrane structure and locats outside cell membrane. OmpA secondary structure contains random coil helix 41.09 %, alpha helix 26.44 %, beta turn 10.06 %, extended strand 22.41 % by SOPMA method, respectively. Using the SignalP 4.1 software analysis showed that the 1-21 amino acids of OmpA are signal peptide sequence. The 3D structure prediction found that OmpA protein is barrel structure by Swiss-Model program. Using ABCpred and BepiPred prediction program, OmpA has 3 B cell epitopes. By the prediction method of quantitative matrix and artificinal neural network, OmpA protein has 1 CTL epitopes. OmpA protein has 1 Th epitopes using an online server prediction for MHC class Ⅱ peptide binding affinity. OmpA recombinant epitope peptide is designed with better immunogenicity. This paper would lay a foundation for the study of OmpA multiepitope tandem vaccine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modeling and simulation of biological neural networks LIU Jian-zhao,DONG Chao-yi,FENG Li-fei 2016, 33 (3):  104.  Abstract ( 505 )   PDF   Save Biological neural networks system is composed of a number of neurons through synapses between each other, transmitting electrical signals through the synapse, and has a very complex nonlinear network system. In this paper, the Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) model is constructed to simulate the real neuron discharge behavior. First, the SNN model is established based on the Integrate-and-Fire (IF) mechanism. Then, the parameters of the model are determined, and then the simulation of a neuron and a plurality of neurons is carried out. Finally, compare between model simulation and real neuron discharge behavior. The simulation result shows that the biological neural networks based on the IF model can be used to approximate the real biological neural networks. Related Articles | Metrics

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The research of staining technology of primary cilium in hippocampal neurons ZHOU Xiao-chun, WANG Shan-shan, AN Yun-he 2016, 33 (3):  107.  Abstract ( 689 )   PDF   Save To explore the staining methods of primary cilia in cultured rat primary hippocampal neurons, primary culture of 18 day fetal rats′ hippocampal neurons was used in this study. In cellular level，the immunofluorescence staining was used to label the primary cilia of hippocampal neurons at different culture time points and with different antibodies recognizing of different ciliary protein (anti-ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 13B (ARL13B) antibody，anti-Type III adenylyl cyclase (ACIII) antibody). Fluorescence images were acquired by an inverted fluorescence microscope. From the results, we found that both anti-ARL13B antibodies and anti-ACIII antibodies can label the primary cilia of hippocampal neurons, although anti-ARL13B antibodies with more specific labeling effect. The length of primary cilia increasd during the development of hippocampal neuron cultured in vitro (anti-ACIII antibody groups：the length of primary cilia increases from 21.6 μm at the 1st day to 44.6 μm at the 14th day; anti-ARL13B antibody groups：the length of primary cilia increases from 15.2 μm at the 1st day to 37.6 μm at the 14th day) . The same immunofluorescence experiments were done in astrocyte with these two antibodies. They can also label the primary cilia of astrocyte. To some extent, both anti-ARL13B antibodies and anti-ACIII antibodies can act as the marker of the primary cilia in hippocampal neurons. The primary cilia growed during development of hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro. Accordingly, primary cilia must play an important role in the development of hippocampal neurons. ARL13B and ACIII can also act as the marker of the primary cilia of astrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform and exploration of practice teaching mode in the ecology XIANG Xian-ling 2016, 33 (3):  110.  Abstract ( 331 )   PDF   Save  Ecology is a basic course with the focuses on the practicality and applicability. Reform and exploration of practice teaching mode in the ecology are the important parts of teaching reform for ecology. In the practical teaching reform, the combination of teaching with researching could enhance the practical abilities and the accomplishment scientific research. Around the objectives in talent cultivation, the implementation of comprehensive experiment program and the promotion of the effects in the field practice and professional practice could improve the theoretical knowledge, practical abilities and innovative competence for students, combining with the summer social practice and the extracurricular teaching. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary exploration on teaching of progress  course “Frontier in Biology" in forestry universities SHI Da-wei, LIANG Fei-fei, HE Mei, XIE Yin-feng, XU Ming 2016, 33 (3):  114.  Abstract ( 233 )   PDF   Save "Frontier in Biology" is an undergraduate course with the goal of opening students′ sights and shaping their innovative ability of research preliminarily. This course can be helpful for undergraduate to understand the main fields and developmental directions of biological frontier. Education methods were explored on teaching contents, education style, and assessment, and undergraduate teaching system of biological progress course was formed preliminarily with forestry universities characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Professional master degree of education training mode innovation under the lead of policy LU Xiao-mei, KE Wen-shan, PENG Yu 2016, 33 (3):  117.  Abstract ( 239 )   PDF   Save The current situation of biological professional master degree of education training mode is grim. Attaching great importance to the academic and contempting practice, less characteristic teaching mode and method，obsolete teaching content, lack of pertinence to evaluation indexes and ways, incomplete management institutions etc, education reform should be made. Its development trend is to combine the theory with practice of teaching, to encourage diversity, to care students and to improve quality. Innovation strategy is to practice ability as the core to build the training pattern, to increase the proportion of case teaching, to integrate use of various teaching modes and teaching methods and to perfect the management system and pattern, etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of the new cultivating mode of comprehensive applied talents with innovation ability oriented to the bio-engineering specialty#br# WU Xiao-min,ZHANG Qiang,SONG Yun-xian,ZHA Ling-sheng,DUAN Yong-bo,ZHANG Hai-jun 2016, 33 (3):  121.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF   Save In order to adapt to the innovation and development of higher education, the educational and teaching rules of setup bioengineering specialty (bio-pharmaceutical direction) for students in normal universities are actively explored. The "a three-dimensional teaching mode of integration with three levels through four steps" cultivation is constructed by reconstructing creative and applied experimental instructor on basis of meeting the demands of the pharmaceutical and other related industries and companies as well as postgraduate studies of research institutes and colleges. A cultivating system with prominent professional feature, independent and comprehensive system, scientific management and the prominently subject status of student is perfectly formed. These solutions could perfectly solve the disconnection problem between the theoretical basis and practice in the scientific research and the application in the field of bio-pharmaceutical and medicine. This cultivation is focused on forming the ability of practice and innovation for the bio-pharmaceutical students, and improving their comprehensive application. These initiatives promote the two aspects of students′ development in further scientific investigation and formal employment development, adapting to the requirements of scientific research of institutes and the pharmaceutical and other related industries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Strengthened comprehension of the connotation of the biological professional  vocabulary by its "metaphorically and widely used in society" ZHAO Dong-xu, QING Hong 2016, 33 (3):  125.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF   Save Recent years, a few of professional words of life science appeared rapidly in many kinds of publicity media. The present paper summarized the top ten socialized widely professional words i.e neural networks, fermentation, cell, immune, clone, replication, gene, cellular differentiation, ecology, metamorphosis, and analyzed the connotation of these words, at the meantime it also enumerated the typical example so as to animate the enthusiasm of students in classroom in lessons of biology. Finally, this article suggested several ways for how to use the excogitation of the lessons when involved the biological professional vocabulary with "metaphorically and widely used in society" in teaching class: 1)introduced the biological concept followed by giving simply several relevant examples of "metaphorically and widely used in society"; 2) introduced simply several relevant examples of "metaphorically and widely used in society" followed by concluding the biological concepts by students; 3) the selected examples of "metaphorically and widely used in society" usually had positive significance. Related Articles | Metrics