Abstract: Urbanization has had a significant impact on urban wildlife, especially birds. As an essential behavioral adaptation to the environment, bird songs are highly sensitive to environmental changes. In order to explore the song response patterns of birds to urban development, the Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), a typical resident bird in Heilongjiang Province was selected as the research subject. Songs data were collected from four urban parks in Harbin City and one remote nature reserve. The song sentence patterns and parameters (maximum frequency, minimum frequency, main frequency and duration) were analyzed using Avisoft-SASLab sound analysis software. A total of 14 song sentences were identified for the Eurasian Nuthatch. In the nature reserve, five distinct song sentences were recorded. However, the songs in urban parks were found to be relatively monotonous, with fewer sentences compared to those in the nature reserve. Significant variations were observed in song sentence diversity among different study sites. Regarding song parameters, the duration of songs in the nature reserve ranged from 0.35 to 3.124 s, exhibiting greater variability and diversity. In contrast, the duration of songs in urban parks exhibited a narrow range of variation, with significant differences among the various study sites. No significant differences were found in song frequency among the different study sites. These findings were of great significance for understanding the adaptive strategies of birds in response to urbanization and for the conservation of bird biodiversity. They also provide scientific evidence for the optimization and management of urban wildlife habitats.

Key words: Eurasian Nuthatch, urban development, song sentence, song parameter