Table of Content

18 August 2025, Volume 42 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Application and reflection of capability graph in learning outcomes evaluation in microbiology ZHANG Meiling, TAN Hongyan 2025, 42 (4):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.001 Abstract ( 29 )   PDF   Save The evaluation of learning outcomes is the last step in the teaching process and an important step in promoting students’ reflection and improvement. The traditional evaluation method is teacher-led, focusing on quantitative indicators such as exam scores and learning processes, while neglecting comprehensive evaluation and reflection on students’ abilities, literacy, and teaching processes. Microbiology uses the capability graph to visualize the educational goals of knowledge, ability, and literacy in the teaching objectives, and guides students to reflect on their learning outcomes through the capability graph. At the same time, students are encouraged to participate in improving the main content of the capability graph. The student-centered learning outcomes evaluation method aims to promote learning effectiveness through evaluation, improve students’ comprehensive abilities and literacy, promote teaching reform, and enhance teaching quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice of teaching method for genetic improvement on microorganisms CHEN Xianzhong, ZHOU Li, XIA Yuanyuan, CAO Yu 2025, 42 (4):  5.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.005 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF   Save Genetic improvement on microorganisms was one of the core courses in the bioengineering discipline, providing students with essential theories and methods of microbial genetics and breeding. It served as an essential foundation for students to understand and master biotechnology. The teaching team, closely focusing on the fundamental mission of cultivating people of moral character, carried out systematic exploration and practice in curriculum reform from several aspects, including course objectives, teaching methods, instructional organization and course evaluation. Based on the talent development goals of bioengineering with fermentation engineering characteristics and future industry needs, a “trinity” course objective encompassing knowledge, skills, and literacy was refined by the team. Comprehensive evaluation methods were strengthened, seminar-style teaching approaches were established, online and offline teaching resources were integrated, and a new teaching team structure was constructed. Through these efforts, the classroom teaching model for the course was systematically innovated, and the curriculum and textbook development for microbial genetic breeding was continuously enhanced. The exploration and the practice of curriculum reform were provided as strong support for cultivating outstanding talents capable of meeting the demands of contemporary development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reinventing microbiological experimental teaching with AI “Identify Microbe” model ZHANG Xia, LI Bao 2025, 42 (4):  9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.009 Abstract ( 31 )   PDF   Save Microbiological experiments are crucial in the teaching of life sciences and related majors, and microscopic sectioning and observation operations are particularly difficult and labor-intensive, involving various microorganisms such as bacteria, molds, actinomycetes, yeast, etc. Traditional experimental teaching often adopts a centralized teacher grading model, where students need to queue up and wait for manual review and feedback of microscopic images, resulting in high time costs and low efficiency. Teachers also spend a lot of energy on repetitive work. To address this bottleneck, this study developed the “Identify Microbe” model based on generative AI technology. Through customized training using prompt word strategies and workflow logic, the model can quickly recognize and automatically score microscopic images submitted by students within seconds, and output targeted operational improvement suggestions. After introducing AI models, the overall efficiency of the experimental classroom was significantly improved. Students could perform multiple rounds of smear operations and deeply contemplate the staining principle. The high score rate of microscopic image quality was significantly increased, and teachers were freed up more time for personalized tutoring and course expansion. The integration of the “Identify Microbe” model with microbiological experimental teaching not only resolved the pain points of batch evaluation of microscopic operations, but also provided practical and feasible ideas for the digital and intelligent upgrading of experimental education. Related Articles | Metrics

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Project-based research training to improve the competences of outstanding undergraduate biology students ZHANG Wei, WANG Mingyu, CHEN Donghua, SHEN Jianlin, WANG Mei, SHI Yongxiang 2025, 42 (4):  15.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.015 Abstract ( 25 )   PDF   Save The school of life sciences at Shandong University has implemented effective practices for cultivating top talents in life sciences, drawing on the characteristics of biological experimental disciplines and fifteen years of experience in student development. The main focus was on establishing a life innovation training base aligning with the comprehensive literacy requirements of biologists, utilizing national and provincial research platforms and coordinating teacher resources to provide project-based scientific research training tailored to students’ interests and needs. This approach also involved guiding top students in applying for science and technology projects, as well as participating in biology competitions. Through fostering core competencies such as scientific thinking process generation, experimental design, experimentation, results analysis, achievement summary, and presentation during scientific inquiry, overall literacy among top students was enhanced while instilling a spirit characteristic of scientists. This framework offered new perspectives for nurturing exceptional students into first-class scientists of life science. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reform of the “genetics （H）” course to serve the cultivation of top-notch talents in biology WU Yanhua, LU Daru, ZHANG Feng, LOU Huiling, QIAO Shouyi 2025, 42 (4):  19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.019 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF   Save Faced with the important task of cultivating top-notch innovative talents in basic disciplines, our teaching team, building upon the excellent teaching traditions of our predecessors, launched an advanced honor course in genetics titled “genetics (H)” in 2018. This course served as the driving force for reform, aiming to explore the cultivation mode and reform path for top-notch innovative talents in the field of genetics. The teaching reform and practice were implemented progressively in four levels. Firstly, the knowledge system of the genetics course was reconstructed, with the scientific thinking of genetic analysis serving as the link throughout all chapters of the course, ensuring the systematicness and coherence of the knowledge system. Secondly, a blended teaching reform combining online and offline methods was carried out. Teaching design and practice were aligned with the principle of “objective-activity-assessment” consistency, effectively cultivating students’ active learning methods and improving learning outcomes. Thirdly, case-based teaching was flexibly employed, with carefully selected examples from the history of disciplinary development and the forefront of academic progress serving as teaching cases. This focused on cultivating students’ abilities to pose, analyze, and solve problems. Finally, the theoretical course was closely integrated with the experimental course and research training, stimulating research interest, strengthening research training, and effectively promoting the enhancement of students’ academic innovation capabilities. After years of development, the team has achieved remarkable results in the three aspects of course learning, thinking cultivation, and research training, effectively serving the cultivation of top-notch talents in biology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital intelligence-empowered teaching reform and practice in microbiology courses  ZHANG Shiying, LIU Di, LIU Lufeng, LI Ru, LIU Yating 2025, 42 (4):  23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.023 Abstract ( 30 )   PDF   Save As one of China’s inaugural national first-class offline undergraduate courses, microbiology at Yunnan Agricultural University has adopted a learner-centered pedagogical approach supported by a five-dimensional shared curriculum system, integrating online, offline, hybrid online-offline, virtual simulation, and social practice components. With the deepening of educational reforms, the curriculum and teaching process now faced systemic challenges, including fragmented resources, isolated resource silos, excessive teaching procedures, and persistent difficulties in implementing innovative practices. In response to the disruptive emergence of AI technologies, the research team has systematically investigated pathways for digital intelligence-enabled course transformation. The proposed framework incorporates four strategic components such as an integrated AI-enhanced smart curriculum architecture, virtual teaching-research sharing platform, a large language model-based virtual teaching assistant, and iterative and superior virtual simulation resource integration. Empirical evidence indicated that this paradigm not only facilitated comprehensive digital transition but also established a scalable model for intelligent transformation in higher education. Related Articles | Metrics

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Generative AI-assisted project-based learning of Python for biology majors DONG Shanshan, GUO Yan, YANG Tielin 2025, 42 (4):  27.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.027 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF   Save This article proposed a teaching method that integrated generative artificial intelligence (AI) into project-based teaching, aiming to improve the learning efficiency and effectiveness of biology majors in Python courses. The results showed that generative AI could effectively assist students with different programming foundations to deeply understand theoretical knowledge and broaden their problem-solving thinking in practical project practice, thereby motivating them to collaborate on more challenging projects. This teaching model helped students better apply the Python language to practice and laid a solid foundation for future scientific research and career development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and practice on integrated education of digitization and intelligence in Modern Engineering Microbiology curriculum CHEN Xueli, WANG Liling, WANG Lin, CHEN Dan, ZENG Qi, XU Xinyi, XIE Hui 2025, 42 (4):  31.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.031 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF   Save The course of Modern Engineering Microbiology is based on the characteristics of cultivating electronic information talents in Xidian University, focusing on cutting-edge technological innovation and engineering applications, and focusing on key issues of life and health in the field of Microbiology. The innovative measures were launched based on the reconstruction of new engineering content, personalized resource construction, and intelligent evaluation throughout the entire process to assist in the cultivation of top-notch medical and engineering talents. This innovative achievement significantly improved the effectiveness of student self-directed learning through continuous iteration and optimization. Many national and provincial competitions related to the national “Challenge Cup” and “Internet plus” courses have been awarded successively. The course has been awarded honors such as the first batch of national first-class courses and the first batch of provincial ideological and political demonstration courses. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on quality control of mesenchymal stem cell lysates using marker peptides XING Fangyu, XU Liming, ZHANG Guifeng 2025, 42 (4):  38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.038 Abstract ( 23 )   PDF   Save Using biomass spectrometry, the protein contents of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lysates were studied, and a quality control method was developed. The protein composition of MSC lysates was analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), then the high-abundance proteins were screened out. Method for the quantification of high-abundance proteins was established using the method of marker peptides, and a methodological investigation was carried out. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, 369 proteins were identified from MSC lysates, among which three high-abundance proteins (Vimentin, Filamin-A, and Annexin A2) were screened out as the evaluation indexes of compositional stability; the quantitative detection of the three high-abundance proteins was achieved by using the method of marker peptides; and the results of the methodological experiments showed that the spiked recoveries were satisfactory, the relative standard deviations of the method repeatability were lower than 3.18%, and the lower limit of detection of the method was at the pg level. The results demonstrated that it was feasible to assess the quality and stability of MSC lysates using high-abundance proteins as markers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae-induced ROS mediated oxidative damage through MAPK/NLRP3 signaling in sheep bronchial epithelial cells LUO Jia, XU Zhaokun, LI Ya’nan 2025, 42 (4):  45.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.045 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF   Save In this study, the impacts ofMycoplasma ovipneumoniae-induced ROS on oxidative damage were analyzed in primary bronchial epithelial cells (Ovis aries, Ningxia Tan sheep ) which were used to obtain an air-liquid interface ( ALI ) epithelial culture model. The results indicated thatM. ovipneumoniae-induced ROS production led to the release of inflammatory factors and initiation of apoptosis through activating MAPK ( ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK ) signaling-mediated NLRP3 signaling pathways. Meanwhile, during the NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, the activated caspase-1 improved the efficiency of activation of MAPK and forming a positive feedback loop. These data suggested thatM. ovipneumoniae-induced ROS production played an important regulatory role in the cellular pathogenesis ofM. ovipneumoniae-infected sheep bronchial epithelial cells through MAPK/NLRP3 signaling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Beauveria bassiana FE14 and Pichia sp. J1 on  the rhizosphere microbial community of tobacco TENG Kai, ZHANG Yulu, CHAO Jin, CHEN Qianfeng, PENG Jingxian, XIAO Yunhua 2025, 42 (4):  51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.051 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF   Save In this study, field experiment was conducted to explored the effects ofBeauveria bassianaFE14 andPichiasp. J1 as compound agents (JZ) on tobacco growth, soil-borne diseases and rhizospheric soil microbial community. The results showed that compared with the control group (CK, without microbial agent) at mature stage, the JZ group exhibited significant improvements in agronomic traits, with the maximum leaf area increasing by 42.64%. Additionally, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank in the JZ group was significantly reduced, with relative control effects of 67.86% and 66.67%, respectively. Results of 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing showed that the microbial agent JZ did not cause significantly changes in the diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial community, but it significantly altered the composition and structure. After applying the microial agent JZ, the relative abundance ofRalstonia(the pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt) in the rhizospheric soil was significantly reduced, while the relative abundances of certain antagonistic microbes, such asPenicilliumandSphingomonas, were significantly increased. Furthermore, the microbial agent JZ also significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen. In conclusion, the mixed application ofB. bassianaandPichiasp. J1 could significantly improve the rhizospheric soil microecology, promote tobacco growth, and provide effective control of tobacco soil-borne diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different shading treatments on the microbiology of inter-root soil of Pseudostellaria heterophylla TIAN Xin, XIAN Yisha, REN Linghui, GUO Yixin, TANG Shicheng, WANG Zhenhua, ZHANG Zilong 2025, 42 (4):  59.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.059 Abstract ( 24 )   PDF   Save In order to investigate the effect of shading on the yield and inter-root soil microhabitat ofPseudostellaria heterophylla, this experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with five treatment gradient experiments of 100%, 75%, 65%, 51%, and 44% of light transmittance, with three replicated plots for each treatment, and the intensity of light was the only treatment variable in the experiment. Inter-root soil samples were collected from each plot before planting and at maturity to determine soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity and microbial community structure, as well as to determine the yield ofP. heterophyllaand the incidence of leaf spot disease. The results showed that shading could increase the yield and reduce the incidence of leaf spot disease inP. heterophylla; the dominant groups of bacteria after shading treatment were Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes. The dominant groups of fungi were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota. Shading increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Basidiomycota, and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such asFusariumandPhomasp. Therefore, in the process of cultivatingP. heterophylla, its yield and quality could be improved by appropriate shading. This study provided a certain theoretical basis for the ecological green cultivation ofP. heterophylla. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extraction, identification and cytological function verification of extracellular vesicles from Lactobacillus plantarum ZHANG Song, XU Shanshan, QIN Mengyao, YU Chunjing, JIANG Jiaping, ZHAO Xiaoyu 2025, 42 (4):  66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.066 Abstract ( 28 )   PDF   Save To explore the cytological function of extracellular vesicles fromLactobacillus plantarum, extracellular vesicles fromL. plantarum（LPEV） suspension were extracted by differential centrifugation, the vesicles morphologic features were observed with a transmission electron microscope; the concentration was detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis （NTA）; and the vesicles cytological function was verified by cell proliferation, cell scratch, Transwell, qRT-PCR and western blot. The results showed that the extracellular vesicles with the concentration about 2.3×1010 grain number/mL isolated fromL. plantarumwere indeed vesicle-like under electron microscope; the results of cell proliferation, cell scratch and Transwell showed that the vesicles could promote cell proliferation and enhance cell activity; qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that the vesicles had up-regulation effects on genes and proteins related to skin regeneration. The comprehensive experimental results confirmed that the vesicles had certain potential in regenerative medicine, which laid experimental foundation for further investigation of specific regulatory mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of microalgae fertilizer on the growth of two types of herb crops and soil properties LUO Guanghong, CUI Yan, LIU Haiyan, CHEN Ye, WANG Lijuan, SUN Zhongliang 2025, 42 (4):  72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.072 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF   Save The microalgae fertilizer, as an innovative microbial fertilizer, has demonstrated a significant ability to enhance crop growth and development, increase photosynthetic pigment levels, and improve photosynthetic efficiency, thereby substantially boosting crop yields. In the cultivation of Chinese baby cabbage, the application of microalgae fertilizer resulted in a 2.71% to 15.19% increase in plant height, a 19.31% rise in root length, and a maximum increment of 311.69 g in package leaf weight, with chlorophyll content increasing by 41.87%. Moreover, soil bulk density decreased by 13.98%, while soil porosity improved by 18.18%, indicating substantial enhancements in the soil’s physical and chemical properties. Similarly, when applied toAstragalus membranaceus, the fertilizer led to yield improvements, with root weight increasing by 5.45% to 18.75% and the net photosynthetic rate rising by 8.02% to 17.48%. Soil porosity and available nutrient content were also elevated. This study confirmed that microalgae fertilizer not only had a positive effect on crop yield but also played a role in enhancing soil quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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A new record of medicinal plants in Chongqing－Meconopsis quintuplinervia XU Yuanjiang, ZHENG Changbing, LIU Xue, WEI Yongsheng, ZHANG Zhiwei, QU Xianyou, LIU Xiang 2025, 42 (4):  78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.078 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF   Save The new distribution record of the characteristic Tibetan medicine ofMeconopsis quintuplinerviawas found in Chongqing Yintiaoling National Nature Reserve, Wuxi County, Chongqing, in July 2024. The voucher specimen was stored in the Herbarium of Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica (SM). This article described its morphological characteristics, distribution, and habitat, and provided corresponding illustrations. The discovery of this new record enriched the plant diversity of the genusMeconopsisin Chongqing, which had certain significance for the breeding, development, and utilization ofM. quintuplinervia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of cDNA encoding the inhibitory component PRAS40 of mTORC1 in Eriocheir sinensis TIAN Zhihuan, JIAO Chuanzhen 2025, 42 (4):  81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.081 Abstract ( 15 )   PDF   Save To investigate the inhibitory component PRAS40 of mTORC1 in regulating the growth and metabolism on crustaceans, the cDNA sequence encoding PRAS40 inEriocheir sinensiswas cloned using RT-PCR technology, and named the protein as EsPRAS40. The coding sequence of the EsPRAS40 cDNA was 1308 bp long and encoded 435 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the EsPRAS40 had a PRAS domain, 2 separate long α-helices, a global structure domain formed by multiple anti-parallel β-chains and short α-helices, and the remaining part (58%) was random coils. Phylogenetic analysis showed that EsPRAS40 clustered with the PRAS40 homologous from the crustaceanLitopenaeus vannamei, Daphnia pulex, andDaphnia magna. Quantitative PCR showed that EsPRAS40 was highly expressed in the Y-organ, hepatopancreas, and stomach ofE. sinensislarvae, with the lowest expression in the eye stalk. The expression level of EsPRAS40 mRNA was significantly increased in the claws and hepatopancreas of larvalE. sinensisafter 7 days and 14 days of fasting. The results in this study indicated that the putative mTORC1 inhibitory component PRAS40 involved in regulating the growth and metabolism controlled by mTOR signaling pathway inE. sinensis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Species diversity and distribution patterns of invasive plants in urban green spaces of Fujian Province LIN Songkun, YE Baojian, CHANG Menglin, FU Xinwen, CHEN Shipin 2025, 42 (4):  88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.088 Abstract ( 22 )   PDF   Save 　To elucidate the species composition and distribution of invasive plants in urban green spaces across Fujian Province, a comprehensive survey was conducted across 42 county built-up areas within nine urban areas. The study analyzed species composition, floristic characteristics, life forms, native origins, and the extent of invasion threats posed by these plants. The results revealed a total of 130 invasive plant species in Fujian Province, belonging to 38 families and 89 genera. The Asteraceae family had the highest number of species, with 31 species accounting for 23.85% of the total. Herbaceous plants dominated the life forms, with 117 species making up 90.00% of the total. The majority of invasive species originated from the Americas, with 97 species comprising 67.83% of the total. The invasive plants showed a significant tropical nature in terms of geographical components of families and genera. 32 species (24.62%) were classified as highly threatening, while 29 species (22.31%) posed moderate risks. The coastal cities of Fuzhou, Putian, Ningde, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, and Xiamen harbored a total of 117 invasive species, while the inland cities of Nanping, Sanming, and Longyan contained 97 species, with a species similarity coefficient of 0.58 between the two regions. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect of phosphorus aluminum interaction treatment on biochemical indicators of tea trees NIE Chuanpeng, LI Jing, CHEN Wei, CAI Pumo, FENG Fajie, LI Yanyan 2025, 42 (4):  93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.093 Abstract ( 18 )   PDF   Save In order to investigate the effects of phosphorus aluminum interaction on various quality indicators of tea trees, this study treated tea seedlings with hydroponics and measured the contents of tea polyphenols, soluble sugars, free amino acids, caffeine, flavonoids, and other substances in the leaves. The changes in leaf biochemical indicators under phosphorus aluminum interaction treatment were analyzed. The results showed that the content of free amino acids, tea polyphenols, soluble sugars, caffeine, flavonoids, and other compounds decreased to varying degrees in the 0 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L phosphorus treatments and 4 mmol/L and 6 mmol/L aluminum treatments compared to that of the appropriate phosphorus and aluminum treatment. The unreasonable application of phosphorus and aluminum elements affected the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites related to tea quality, which was not conducive to the formation of tea quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the offspring sex ratio of Mergus squamatus in Manjiang River, Changbai Mountain, China LI Donghong, ZHANG Shiyu, LIU Shu, YI Guodong, ZHAO Yongbin 2025, 42 (4):  96.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.096 Abstract ( 14 )   PDF   Save To evaluate the offspring sex ratio ofMergus squamatusin Manjiang River, Changbai Mountain, and to understand their breeding strategy, population dynamics, and individual fitness, a total of 131 eggshell samples were collected from 13M. squamatusnests along the river from 2021 to 2024 using a non-invasive sampling method. Molecular biology techniques were employed for the sex determination of the offspring. Statistical analyses, including binomial distribution, Wilcoxon-Signed-Ranks test, and Kruskal-Wallis test, were conducted to investigate offspring sex ratio and the influence of clutch size on it. The results showed that the primary and secondary sex ratios for this species did not significantly differ from 0.5 （P>0.05）, whether at the population level or the nest level. This suggested that parental investment in male and female offspring ofM. squamatusmight be balanced along the Manjiang River in Changbai Mountain, which was consistent with Fisher’s theory predictions. Furthermore, the study revealed that clutch size did not exert a significant influence on the offspring sex ratio （P>0.05）, suggesting that parental modulation of offspring sex ratios through clutch size control might not be a prominent mechanism in this species. This study provided a database for future in-depth research in this area, aiming to support conservation efforts forM. squamatus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome analysis of Brevundimonas diminuta DB-19 HONG Yuehui, FAN Hongdi, WU Jiayan, XIONG Qunying, WANG Jianghai 2025, 42 (4):  101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.101 Abstract ( 26 )   PDF   Save To reveal the genetic background and the mechanisms of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation inBrevundimonas diminutaDB-19, Illumina sequencing, Nanopore sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the genome of strain DB-19. The complete genome sequences of strain DB-19 were obtained. One contig was obtained after genome assembly, and its type was circular chromosome. The genome size was 3589837 bp, and the GC content was 67.38%. A total of 3609 genes coding for proteins were predicted. Fifty-two tRNA genes were found using the tRNAscan-SE. The number of genes coding for 16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, 23S rRNA and sRNA was 2, 2, 2 and 1, respectively. Gene function annotation showed that the number of genes annotated in the NR, Swiss-Prot, COG, GO, Pfam, PHI, VFDB, ARDB, KEGG and CAZy databases was 3401, 2189, 2854, 1714, 2817, 812, 629, 1, 3193 and 89, respectively. According to the identified genes, it was inferred that terminal oxidative pathway was the main pathway for the degradation of n-alkanes in strain DB-19, and that homogentisate pathway and β-ketoadipate pathway played main roles in the degradation of aromatic compounds. These results deepened our understanding ofB. diminuta, contributed to designing more effective methods for the remediation of petroleum pollution, and provided important reference for studying the mechanisms of pollutant degradation in other microorganisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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The role of immune regulation in inducing host HIF-1α pathway activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection JING Qinwei, ZHU Yingpeng, ZHOU Lu, CHEN Xiang, XU Zhengzhong, JIAO Xin ’an 2025, 42 (4):  109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.109 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF   Save Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a widespread transcription factor in the body that exerts its regulatory role in hypoxia, and activation of HIF-1α and its signaling pathway promotes cell survival and increases protection against damaging stimuli.Mycobacterium tuberculosisis a highly infectious intracellular infectious bacterium, and its infection is exposed to adversities such as hypoxia, nitric oxide, and nutrient deficiencies. During hypoxia, HIF-1α regulates the cellular immune response toMycobacterium tuberculosisby affecting energy metabolism pathways within the macrophage, and it plays an important role in macrophage anti-tuberculosis immunity. The aim of this paper was to summarize the role ofM. tuberculosis-induced activation of the host HIF-1α pathway in immune regulation, and to provide a reference for the study of the pathogenic mechanism ofM. tuberculosisand vaccine development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on toxicity of citrinin and pharmacological effects of its derivatives DU Pengfei, WANG Fengchen, SHENG Yunzhi, WANG Juntao, ZHANG Fen, PENG Hao, FENG Zili 2025, 42 (4):  113.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.113 Abstract ( 17 )   PDF   Save The development history of citrinin was reviewed, the physicochemical properties and toxicity of citrinin were briefly described, and the toxic mechanism and the target of citrinin were analyzed. The derivatives of citrinin were reviewed, and its biological activity and mechanism of action were analyzed. The synthesis process of citrinin derivatives was briefly described. It is concluded that citrinin acts by interfering with important media and signaling pathways in cells, and the derivatives obtained by structural modification can effectively reduce toxicity without affecting biological activity. Subsequent studies may consider continuing to modify the structure of citrinin or studying nano-drug delivery technology to deliver the drug directly to the affected area, avoiding the loss of drug metabolic activity and reducing the impact of the drug on normal cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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A method for rapid extraction of fungal genome for PCR TAN Yiyang, LIU Shutong, ZHANG Yanhua, WANG Depei, XUE Xianli 2025, 42 (4):  120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.120 Abstract ( 19 )   PDF   Save The aim of this study was to optimize a method for rapid extraction of fungal genome for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The optimal conditions for the preparation of fungal PCR templates were determined by the optimization of NaOH lysis conditions, bacterial conditions and generalizability analysis: the results presented the optimal conditions for the preparation of fungal PCR templates were a diameter of 3.5 mm colonies lysed in 100 μL of 0.5 mol/L NaOH at 25 ℃ for 15 min on a static basis. The purity （OD260/OD280 ） and the mass concentration of genome extracted by this method were 1.8－1.9 and 150－350 ng/μL, which were suitable for PCR verification. The results of universality analysis showed that the success rate of PCR validation of different genes in a large number ofAspergillus nigertransformants was as high as 98.6%, this method was also applicable to the validation of genes in a variety of fungi, such asSaccharomyces cerevisiae,Aspergillus oryzaeandTrichoderma reesei, which has a great universal applicability. This method is simple and safe, and can effectively improve the efficiency of fungal gene editing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Teaching exploration of experiments in biopharmaceutics under the background of “first-class undergraduate education”  CHENG Xiaozhong, WANG Jingjing, WANG Wei 2025, 42 (4):  126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.126 Abstract ( 20 )   PDF   Save Based on the current situation of experimental course teaching in the major of biological pharmacy at Hefei Normal University, combined with the requirements for talent cultivation in the context of “first-class undergraduate education”, this paper analyzed the problems existing in the experimental teaching of biopharmaceuticals in our school in recent years. And then the experimental content was reconstructed from the perspective of experimental teaching content, highlighting comprehensiveness and exploratory nature. Further the construction of online and offline experimental course resources was improved and the teaching mode reform and implement blended learning mode was adopted. Production-study-research collaboration was deepened to further improve the quality of talent cultivation. The curriculum evaluation system was reformed and diversified assessment was established. With the reforms of teaching content, course resources, teaching modes, industry-university-research cooperation and course evaluation, the construction of first-class courses and the goal of cultivating practical and innovative talents will be achieved. Related Articles | Metrics