Abstract: The oil was extracted from Vespa affinis firstly and divided into three parts based on polarity differences in this work. Its antioxidant activity was then tested by using the DPPH method, while its anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vitro using a mouse macrophage inflammation model induced by LPS. In order to clarify the chemical composition responsible for the activity, a GC-MS analysis of oil extracts were further performed. The results indicated that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory active components were mainly concentrated in the large polar part. The oil from V. affinis was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which are high quality nutrients. As the distinguishing and main components in large polar part, eugenol and linolenic acid are key compounds for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of oil from V.affinis. The completion of this research not only enriched the understanding about the chemical constituent and biological activity of wasp oil, but also laid the foundation for its further development.

Key words: Vespa affinis, oil, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, GC-MS