Abstract: The rapid spread of toxic weeds on grasslands poses a serious threat to the health of grassland ecosystems and the sustainable development of animal husbandry, making it a hot topic in grassland ecology research. Among them, allelopathy is one of the key internal mechanisms for their invasion and expansion. Exploring the allelopathy of toxic weeds on grasslands is of guiding significance for curbing grassland degradation and promoting the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. This paper reviewed the research progress on allelopathy of toxic weeds on grasslands and briefly summarized their comprehensive utilization. The research found that the main allelochemicals of toxic weeds on grasslands included phenolic compounds and their derivatives, terpenoids and alkaloids, etc. These substances could not only harm grassland ecosystems by inhibiting the growth of high-quality forage and changing soil microbial communities, but also have great potential in the development of new biological pesticides, therapeutic agents and feed applications due to their strong biological activity. Finally, this paper proposed that multi-omics technologies should be integrated to analyze in depth the allelopathy mechanism of toxic weeds on grasslands, promoted their comprehensive development and utilization, and provided new ways for the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems and efficient utilization of resources.

Key words: grassland, toxic weeds, allelopathy, mechanism, development and utilization