Table of Content

18 August 2022, Volume 39 Issue 4 Previous Issue   

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Cloning and characterization of fructokinase and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase genes in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua ZHAO Liqiang , ZHAO Derui, SHAN Chunmiao, ZHANG Shengxiang , SHI Yuanyuan, WU Jiawen 2022, 39 (4):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.001 Abstract ( 473 )   PDF   Save Fructokinase (FRK) and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPP) are key enzymes of polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway in Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua (PC). In this study, the two key enzyme genes were cloned using RT-PCR technology based on transcriptome sequencing data, and the properties and structural characteristics of the two enzymes were analyzed. The ORFs of PCFRK and PCGMPP were 1725 and 1086bp in length and encoded proteins with 574, 361 amino acids, respectively. PCFRK has two characteristic conserved motifs of the phosphofructokinase B family; PCGMPP had a conserved site and an active site of the pyrophosphorylase family. The homology comparison showed that PCFRK had the highest similarity to the FRK of Apostasiashenzhenica, while PCGMPP had the highest similarity to the GMPP of Asparagus offcinalis. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression level of PCFRK and PCGMPP in rhizome was significantly higher than that in other tissues, which was consistent with the polysaccharide content in rhizome of PC. This study provided the basis for the functional study of PCFRK and PCGMPP and the further study on plant polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prokaryotic expression and condition optimization of α-amylase inhibitor gene of Ligusticum chuanxiong #br# DENG Kaiyu, AN Qiuju, CHEN Anqi, YU Jihua, ZHANG Fuli, LIAO Hai 2022, 39 (4):  7.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.007 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF   Save The LASI gene was ligated into different vectors to construct recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids. Expressed conditions of LASI gene were subsequently optimized via three aspects inducing time, IPTG concentration and inducing temperature. The results indicated that pET28a was a suitable expression vector for LASI. The optimal conditions for expression of pET28a-LASI were inducing time of 8 hours, IPTG at concentration of 1.0 mmol/L, and inducing temperature of 27 ℃. The solubility assay indicated that in optimal conditions, part of the LASI recombinant protein exists in soluble form and the recombinant protein could specifically bind to the HIS-tagged monoclonal antibody. The purified LASI was capable of inhibiting the activities of porcine amylase and achieving the ultimate inhibition rate in 34%. In this study, the expression conditions of LASI recombinant protein were optimized, and a amount of LASI recombinant protein was obtained. Therefore, this work laid the foundation for further study on the function of LASI. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of extinction of morphine addiction and naloxone on the EEG power spectrum in the prefrontal cortex LI Chunchun, WANG Xiaoqin, WANG Gongwu, CAO Jun 2022, 39 (4):  12.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.012 Abstract ( 221 )   PDF   Save To investigate the effects of training extinction (TE) and natural extinction (NE) on the EEG power spectrum of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice with morphine (MOP) addiction and the regulation of naloxone (NLX), KM mice were given increasing doses of MOP (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg/kg) or saline (SAL) for 10 d, and the conditioned position preference (CPP) model was established. After 5 d extinction, the PFC-EEG signal was recorded with NLX (5 mg/kg) treatment. Results showed that, after 5 d TE treatment, the CPP score in the MOP-TE group decreased to the level as its baseline or the SAL group, with the total EEG power decreased (P<0.05). The CPP score was still higher in MOP-NE group, with the total power similar to that in SAL group (P>0.05). After NLX injection, the power of MOP-TE group increased rapidly, and the power of θ, α, β and γ1bands also showed similar performance. The results suggested that the PFC-EEG power spectrum would be an important electrophysiological index on involvement of the PFC in extinction of opioid drug addiction, and in which, the NLX would have a certain improvement effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Increasing mevalonate production mediated by RNA scaffolds system in Escherichia coli DONG Honggang, LIU Chunli, LIU Xiuxia, LI Ye, YANG Yankun, BAI Zhonghu 2022, 39 (4):  18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.018 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF   Save In this study, the advantage of 0D RNA scaffold system was used to co-localize the three-step reaction of mevalonate to improve the yield of mevalonate in E. coli. Firstly, RNA-EMSA was used to demonstrate the interaction between RNA aptamers and RBDs (RNA binding domains). Subsequently, RBDs were fused with fluorescent protein to evaluate the efficiency of RNA scaffold system. Compared with that of the control strain BLCGG, the relative fluorescence intensities of BLPCG and BLCPG were increased by 126% and 129%, respectively. The fluorescence intensity of BLPPG was increased by 375% in the strain expressed 0D PP7 RNA scaffold system. Finally, mevalonate was produced by 0D RNA scaffold system. Compared with that of the control strain BLCCES, the mevalonate production of BLPPES expressing 0D PP7 RNA scaffold system was increased by 84%, achieved 3.13 g/L. Therefore, RNA scaffold system is an effective tool to improve the efficiency of multi-enzyme metabolic pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and polygenic identification of rhizobia strains ZHOU Jie, ZHOU Ziqiong, PAN Hu, LU Xiangyang, ZHANG Yifan, TIAN Yun 2022, 39 (4):  24.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.024 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF   Save Two rhizobia strains, named T786 and T808, were isolated from the highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet, using R and M5 media at 4℃, respectively. After morphological, physiological, biochemical identification and 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strains T786 and T808 were preliminarily identified to genus Neorhizobium and Pararhizobium. The multiple sequence alignment results of 6 pairs housekeeping genes (atpD, recA, rpoB, thrC, glnII and glnA) in T786 and T808 showed that the similarity of these housekeeping genes and ANI values in strains T786 and T808 were lower than in the threshold of new species of rhizobia (95%-96%). Strains T786 and T808 were potential new species of rhizobia, the discovery of strains T786 and T808 was significance for enriching the germplasm resources of rhizobia in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Related Articles | Metrics

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DNA methyltransferase gene hsdM influences bacterial motility in Aeromonas veronii CHEN Ting, LI Hong, WANG Dan, TANG Yanqiong, TANG Hongqian, MA Xiang, LIU Zhu 2022, 39 (4):  28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.04.028 Abstract ( 142 )   PDF   Save To investigate the effects of methyltransferase gene hsdM of type I RM system on the motility of Aeromonas veronii, hsdM deletion strains ΔhsdM was constructed to explore the influences on the growth, motility and flagellum gene expressions of Aeromonas veronii. Growth curves showed that the growth rate of Δ hsdM strains began to decrease slowly in the late growth stage of logarithmic phase, while the overall growth levels of wild type and ΔhsdM mutant are similar; motility assay suggested that the deletion of hsdM significantly reduced the motility of the bacteria. RT-qPCR indicated that the expressions of some flagellum genes were significantly down-regulated in ΔhsdM strains. This study preliminarily explored the basic phenotypes of hsdM deletion related with bacterial motility, providing a theoretical foundation for further study on the mechanism of 6mA methylation on regulations of gene expressions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of high-yield riboflavin Bacillus subtilis strain by heavy-ion beam irradiation HU Jianhua, ZHANG Zhaokun, LI Yongli, LAN Hui, LIU Zhanying 2022, 39 (4):  33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.033 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF   Save The parent riboflavin-producing strain Bacillus subtilis C0 was treated with heavy-ion beam irradiation, then it was screened the mutagenic strains with 8-azaguanine. In further study, 4 high-yield strains were initially obtained from 60 mutant strains. After shake flask fermentation, the highest yield of mutant strain B13 reached( 401.8 ± 9.2) mg/L, which was 18.5% higher than that of the original strain. The new mutant strain BII7 was screened after second time of heavy-ion beam irradiation, and the riboflavin yield achieved (818.8±17.3) mg/L which was 77.7% higher than that of the mutation strain B13.The heavy-ion beam irradiation had good mutagenic effect. The optimal cultivation conditions of strain BII7 were: initial pH 7.7, culture temperature 37 ℃, and rotation speed 220 r/min. The riboflavin yield of mutant strain BII7 was 1 385.3 mg/L in 5 L fermenter (37 ℃, pH 7.7 and dissolved oxygen concentration 40%), which was 69.2% higher than that in shake flask. The fermentation time was shortened by 12 h. The results showed that the strain BII7 had good fermentation ability and stable genetic characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening and identification of an aerobic denitrifying bacteria and its nitrogen removal characteristics ZHU Hongxu, YANG Benqing, GAO Yuan, ZHAI Hongyang, ZHAO Yanqing 2022, 39 (4):  38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.038 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF   Save In order to establish the foundation of new biological nitrogen removal process, a strain of Aeromonas was isolated from the roots of wetland plants in Dianchi Lake and was named as RC-15.The key denitrifying enzyme genes of the strain were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the denitrification ability of the strain under different environmental conditions (carbon source, temperature, rotation speed, initial pH and C/N ratio) was studied. The results showed that the denitrifying enzyme genes, napA and nirK were successfully amplified, showing the strain had aerobic denitrification ability in the presence of oxygen molecules. The single factor experiment showed that the strongest denitrification ability was observed with the carbon source of sodium acetate, temperature of 30 ℃, initial pH of 8.0, and the C/N ratio of 7. Under those conditions, the removal ratio of nitrate reached 95.57% and its corresponded removal rate was 14.62 mg/(L·h) during the initial 24 h. In addition, the strain could remove nitrogen with low temperature, weak acid environment and low C/N.The identified strain RC-15 in this study could provide a new bacterial source to enhance the denitrification of actual wastewater. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of a strain of Bacillus spp. on the growth and physiology of Pyropia yezoensis OUYANG Lefei, WANG Linhua, DUAN Jiancheng, ZHANG Qingqi, GAO Huan, YAN Binlun 2022, 39 (4):  44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.044 Abstract ( 166 )   PDF   Save To explain the effect of Bacillus spp. on the growth and physiology of Pyropia yezoensis, Pyropia yezoensis fronds and one of its epiphytic bacteria-Bacillus sp. LPyS1 were used as materials. Effects of the different time points (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h), the relative growth rate (RGR), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), phycobiliprotein(Chla), photosynthetic pigments (RPE，RPC and APC), total protein（TP）, malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline (Pro) content were studied. The results showed that, compared with the control group, Bacillus could significantly increase the RGR of Pyropia yezoensis in a short period of time (P<0.05), Bacillus had no significant effect on the activity of SOD, POD and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Pyropia yezoensis fronds (P>0.05). After 24 h of culture, the co-culture group and control group Pyropia yezoensis produced excessive osmotic adjustment substances. The total protein, photosynthetic pigment and phycobiliprotein of co-culture group were significantly higher than that of the control group at 48 h (P<0.05), but the content of Pro in the co-culture group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 48 h(P<0.01). This experimental study showed Bacillus sp. LPyS1 was beneficial to promote the growth of Pyropia yezoensis. Therefore, it is speculated that this algal epiphytic bacteria might provide nutrients for Pyropia yezoensis in the algal environment, thereby affecting the growth and physiological state of Pyropia yezoensis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of codon bias of DXS gene in 16 Leguminous plants ZHENG Qiaomu, HUANG Sipei, LI Qiue, JIANG Ruiping, ZHOU Jiayu, LIAO Hai 2022, 39 (4):  50.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.050 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF   Save The coding sequences (CDS) of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS)from 16 Leguminous plants were selected for analysis. CodonW, CHIPS, CUSP and other programs were used to calculate the base composition of the sequences, the effective number of codons (ENc), the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) and other related parameters. These sequences were also analyzed by ENc-plot and PR2-plot. The results showed that there were 19 codons (RSCU>1) with strong preference for DXS genes in Leguminosae, in which optimal codons were CCA and GGA; both the GC content and GC3s were less than 0.5, indicating that A/U was preferentially used as the terminal codon. The ENc values ranged from 48.66 to 53.4, indicating weak the codon preference of the DXS genes. The ENc-plot and PR2-plot analysis displayed that the codon usage of DXS gene preference was mainly affected by mutation pressure. The clustering result based on CDS sequence was closer to the evolutionary classification of plants than the result based on RSCU clustering. Compared with Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum were suitable hosts for DXS gene. All these results provided important significance to increase the yield of downstream terpenoids, by optimizing codons to improve the expression efficiency of DXS gene in other hosts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adsorption performance of Cr(Ⅵ) by activated biochar derived from Solidago canadensis L. KUANG Kaiyue, LIU Chang, YU Zhimin, HU Shuheng, DENG Chengxun, LIU Xiaowei 2022, 39 (4):  55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.055 Abstract ( 180 )   PDF   Save High porosity and big specific surface area of biochar derived from Solidago canadensis L.was prepared using the activation-calcining technology and was applied to adsorb Cr(Ⅵ) in water. The preparation parameters for the optimal adsorbent and the effects of adsorbent amount, initial pH, reaction time, and temperature on adsorption removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in aqueous solution were explored. The characterization results obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), brunauer-emmett-teller(BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) confirmed that the modified biochar had more abundant functional groups, higher porosity, and bigger specific surface area, compared to the pristine biochar. The adsorption experiment results showed that the optimal adsorption performance of the modified biochar was obtained by the mass ratio of ZnCl2to pre-carbonized biochar with 3:1 and the calcination temperature at 700 ℃. The highest removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) was obtained at pH 2. The pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics model and the Langmuir adsorption isothermal model were more suitable to fit the adsorption kinetics and adsorption equilibrium process. The chemisorption process mainly controlled the reaction rate, and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 32.6 mg/g at 318 K. Thus, the biochar derived from Solidago canadensis L. can effectively remove Cr(Ⅵ) in water. It not only has potential application value in wastewater treatment, but also can realize the effective control and comprehensive utilization of the invasive plant. Related Articles | Metrics

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温带地区不同水分调节行为树种的木质部栓塞特性及其光合响应 TANG Huaxin, YANG Yongqing, JIANG Haigang, LIU Wei, LI Jielin, YAO Yinan 2022, 39 (4):  61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.061 Abstract ( 194 )   PDF   Save In this study, seven typical temperate tree species were used as examples to establish vulnerability curve (VC) of water potential and xylem loss (PLC) by natural drying method. Continuous soil drought treatment was carried out on the tree species under controlled conditions to analyze plant gas exchange and photochemical parameters at the point of control, moderate drought (50% PLC water potential) and severe drought conditions (80% PLC water potential). The sequence of vulnerability to xylem embolism of 7 species was followed by Quercus acutissima, Abies holophylla Maxim., Populusnigra, Picea asperata Mast., Sequoia sempervirens, Acer palmatum and Cyclobalanopsis glauca. The embolization VC curve of Populusnigra was “S” type, while the other 6 species’ were “R” type. Under moderate and severe drought stress, photosynthetic rate and PSII activity were decreased significantly. Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Sequoia sempervirens, Populusnigra and Quercus acutissima were tested as isohydric species, Picea asperata Mast. was tested as intermediate species, Acer palmatum and Abies holophylla Maxim. were tested as anisohydric species. Result showed that the water regulation pattern of these different trees had little relationship with embolism resistance and drought resistance. Drought resistance experiments based on PLC could clearly reflect the interspecific differences in water regulation and drought tolerance, and help us clarify the survival mechanism of trees to moderate or higher drought stress. Interspecific analysis showed that intercellular CO2concentration (not Fv′/Fm′) had a consistent response to the degree of xylem embolization, which could be used as a predictor of embolization under drought condition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on biogas production by mixed anaerobic fermentation of blue algae and dry wheat straw in Chaohu Lake WANG Lei, HONG Lei, WANG Pingsheng, XU Ke, YANG Biao 2022, 39 (4):  67.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.067 Abstract ( 179 )   PDF   Save In order to improve the resource utilization rate of Chaohu blue algae, blue algae from Chaohu and dry wheat straw were filled into anaerobic fermentation tank to produce biogas by mixed anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that the total biogas production with dry wheat straw∶algae(US 40 min)∶granular sludge ratio of 2∶7∶1 was the highest, the productive rate of 333.78 mL/g(VS), and the volume fraction of methane was the highest, reaching 57%. The correlation analysis of pH, COD, NH3-N and biogas production of fermentation broth showed that when the ratio of dry wheat straw∶blue algae∶granular sludge was 2∶7∶1, the biogas production was significantly positively correlated with the COD of fermentation broth; when dry wheat straw∶blue algae (US 40 min)∶granular sludge was 2∶7∶1, the COD of fermentation broth was significantly positively correlated with the NH3-N of fermentation broth. The results provide a new solution for the resource utilization of blue algae in Chaohu Lake. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of interference with TLR4 on the immune and inflammation of chicken HD11 macrophages under LPS infection #br# LI Huan, SUN Hongyan, YU Zhiyong, SUN Changhua 2022, 39 (4):  72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.072 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF   Save The toll-like receptors (TLRs) member, TLR4, can recognize a various of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria to involve host immune and inflammation response. This study was aimed to explore the effects ofTLR4on the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes and chicken macrophage HD11 apoptosis, through interfering the expression ofTLR4, so as to provide some useful information in molecular regulation mechanism ofTLR4on chicken immune response. Different doses of LPS were used to infect chicken HD11 cells, and the expression levels ofTLR4and inflammatory related genes were identified at different time points after infection. TLR4-siRNA were designed and transfected to chicken HD11 cells in vitro, and then quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry were, respectively, applied to detect the expression of TLR4 and inflammatory related genes, as well as cell apoptosis. The results showed that the optimum condition of LPS was 1 μg/mL infection 8 h to induce the expression of geneTLR4,IL-1β,IL-8andIL-6. In chicken HD11 cells, interferingTLR4gene could significantly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory genesIL-1β,IL-6,IL-8and TNF-α (P<0.05), and inhibit cell apoptosis under LPS infection, while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory genes TGF-β and IFN-α was decreased with no significant difference (P>0.05). This study confirmed that regulating the expression ofTLR4gene can directly affect the inflammatory response of chicken HD11 cells to LPS, which provide new ideas and intervention targets for controlling excessive inflammatory response, as well as, have practical significance for alleviating stress-induced pathological damage and improving poultry health. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity analysis of wild Culter alburnus in Anhui province HU Yuting, HOU Guanjun 2022, 39 (4):  79.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.079 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF   Save Culter alburnus, common name topmouth culter, is one high economic value freshwater fish. To explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of C. alburnus population in Anhui province, the genetic diversity and genetic structure of four wild populations from Wuchang Lake, Chao Lake, main stream of Huaihe River and Xin’an River based on microsatellite markers were analyzed. The range of average allele number (Na), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) of four populations were 10.4-12.2, 0.739-0.778 and 0.689-0.738, respectively. The effective allele number (Ne) was between 5.9 and 6.9 and observed heterozygosity (Ho) was from 0.654 to 0.800, indicating that all populations had high genetic diversity. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation mainly came from within the population (95.71%), and only accounted for 4.29% among the populations. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) of all population was 0.043, and the Fst among populations was between 0.025 and 0.056, indicating low degree of genetic differentiation. The value of gene flow (Nm) ranged from 4.21 to 9.75, indicating frequent interpopulation gene exchange. Phylogenetic tree, developed based on genetic distance between all pairs of populations, displayed that Xin’an River population had the closest relationship with Chaohu population, and Huai River population has the furthest relationship. The results of using software Structure 2.3.4 showed that the optimal cluster grouping was also 4, but it did not correspond to each sampling population, and there were many genetically similar individuals among populations. This study indicated there were high genetic diversity, insignificant genetic differentiation and germplasm mixed among the four populations of C. alburnus. Related Articles | Metrics

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“Seed” cells: toward crops from model plants——the international online symposium on plant stem cells and regeneration GUI Leyue, YAO Li, CHEN Chunli 2022, 39 (4):  84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.084 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF   Save From May 2nd to May 3rd, 2022, the first international online symposium on plant stem cells and regeneration was held by Huazhong Agricultural University. Stem cells and regeneration are one of the most challenging frontier issues in science. As a kind of “seed” cells, plant stem cells have important scientific significance for solving asexual reproduction, a key technology for the development of seed industry. Fourteen scientists from seven countries reported the latest research progress in the field of stem cells and regeneration in a variety of model plants and crops. The meeting reflected the promotion of basic science and applied science. In the field of basic science, the molecular regulation mechanism and signaling pathway of plant stem cell maintenance and regeneration were explored, and the theoretical support for the application of plant stem cell regeneration was provided.In the field of applied science, germplasm resources are easy to transform, graft and preserve for a long time developed to provide impetus for basic research. Related Articles | Metrics

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A novel way of action of hydrogen sulfide signal molecule based on S-sulfhydration in plants LI Xiaoer, CHEN Hongyan, LI Zhongguang 2022, 39 (4):  88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.088 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF   Save Sulfhydryl group-based posttranslational modification protein S-sulfhydration and its effect on the conformation, activity, stability, and cellular localization of target proteins and the regulation of cellular metabolism as well as the interaction of S-sulhydration with nitrosylation, sulfenylation, sulfinylation, sulfonylation, and glutathionylation in plants were described. In addition, the S-sulfhydration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the key enzymes and signaling proteins involved in H2S, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), sugar, abscisic acid, ethylene, and melatonin in plants was analyzed. Also, H2S signaling-self amplification by S-sulfhydration of its metabolic enzymes and the interaction between H2S and ROS, NO, sugar, abscisic acid, ethylene, melatonin signaling by protein S-sulfhydration in plants was concluded. The effect of H2S on the key metabolic enzymes and signaling proteins of the other plant hormones auxin, gibberelin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, jasmonic aicd, salicylic aicd, and strigolactone by protein S-sulfhydration was prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inducing host type I interferon response and immunoregulatory function YAO Zhihong, ZHANG Zhifang, HU Sujie, LIU Hui, CHEN Xiang, XU Zhengzhong, JIAO Xin’ an 2022, 39 (4):  94.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.04.094 Abstract ( 205 )   PDF   Save This paper summarizes the immune regulation function of type I interferon in the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Type I interferon can be used as a marker of active tuberculosis and aggravate the pathogenic process of tuberculosis. At the same time, type I interferon also participates in the immune defense process of anti-tuberculosis and effectively reduces the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, this paper summarizes the mechanism of host type I interferon expression and signal pathway activation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection at different levels, and discussed that some components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can escape host immunity by regulating the response level of type I interferon, so as to promote its survival in the host. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress of host type I interferon response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its immunomodulatory function, so as to provide new ideas for the screening of anti-tuberculosis drug targets and the development of vaccines in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of microecological food in improving depression by regulating the Gut microbiota #br# CHEN Letao, GUO Liqiong, MA Rui, LIU Zhijun, TENG Li, LIN Junfang 2022, 39 (4):  98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.098 Abstract ( 240 )   PDF   Save The study found the presence of bidirectional communication networks between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS), which is associated with the development and treatment of depression. It is an accepted fact that the function of the CNS is affected by regulating the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome can affect depression through inflammation, the gut microbiome metabolites, HPA axis and vagus nerve. Based on the theory of the gut microbiome-gut -brain axis, the mechanism of three kinds of microecological foods including probiotics, prebiotics and food-medicine homologous traditional Chinese medicine in improving depression by regulating intestinal flora was analyzed, and according to the existing research, the challenges and opportunities of the antidepressant effect of microecological food were put forward, so as to provide a new direction for follow-up research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Functions of DNA sensors in innate immunity of fish WU Chuxin, XU Xiaowen 2022, 39 (4):  104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.104 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF   Save This paper reviewed the structures and DNA recognition mechanisms of the main DNA sensors in fish, including TLR9/TLR21, STING, cGAS, DDX41 and PKZ. These DNA sensors could detect the DNA of pathogenic microorganisms, and finally induced the expression of type I IFN and inflammatory factors through a series of signal transduction. In addition, this review analyzed the differences of DNA sensors between fish and mammals, and discussed the deficiencies in the current research of fish DNA sensors. It provided theoretical guidance for further study of fish DNA sensors. Related Articles | Metrics

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产气荚膜梭菌β2毒素单克隆抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立 WU Shuang, MA Lingling, ZHANG Siyu, WANG Dong, LI Yong, WANG Yujiong, ZENG Jin 2022, 39 (4):  110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.110 Abstract ( 176 )   PDF   Save The expressed and purified Clostridium perfringens β2 toxin recombinant protein was used as the coating antigen, and four monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) with ELISA detection function from 21 strains of Clostridium perfringens β2 toxin monoclonal antibodies were selected. Then using the recombinant β2 toxin protein as the coating antigen, an indirect ELISA method for the detection of Clostridium perfringens β2 toxin antibody was established by optimizing the reaction conditions. And it was finally determined that the optimal coating concentration of the antigen was 0.5 μg/mL, the dilution ratio of the antibody was 1∶210（0.029 μg/μL）, the dilution ratio of the secondary antibody was 1∶2 000, and the blocking condition was 5%. The skimmed milk was blocked at 37 ℃ for two hours. The test results showed that the method had good specificity, sensitivity and stability. Using the established indirect ELISA detection method, 201 normal bovine sera, two positive sera, and one negative serum were tested by ELISA. Both the negative coincidence rate and the positive coincidence rate were 100%. The ELISA detection method established in this study can be used to detect the level of Clostridium perfringens β2 toxin antibody in animal serum, which provides an effective detection method for understanding animal cPB2 toxin infection and antibody level, and has broad application prospect in clinical seroepide miological investigations and vaccine immunity evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration of ideological and political teaching reform of biologicology #br# GU Ning, ZHU Ruijiao, NIE Huan 2022, 39 (4):  117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.117 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF   Save Biologicology is a basic course offered by biology majors, rich in knowledge and ideological and political elements, and is a good carrier of ideological and political education. Based on the characteristics of the curriculum content, the ideological and political teaching mode of biologicology was explored and practiced from five aspects: the necessity of ideological and political education, carrying out ideological and political elements, teaching methods, experimental teaching and assessment methods. It aimed to achieve the talent training goal for the unity of value guidance and knowledge transfer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of biology “online + home” practice model during the prevention and control of COVID-19 LUO Jianchuan, SHEN Xiansheng 2022, 39 (4):  121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.121 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF   Save During the prevention and control of COVID-19, online teaching by teachers and students in colleges and universities has gradually become “normalized”, but online teaching for internship courses alone cannot meet the teaching needs. In order to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on teaching activities, the biology field practice teaching team adjusted the teaching design in a timely manner, continuously improved the teaching links, and carried out the biology field practice teaching using the “online + home” model. The online includes online lectures, reports and exchanges, virtual visits, virtual simulation experiments, etc., while the home makes full use of the offline resources of the students’ families to carry out fieldwork, species identification and retrieval, and specimen making. Practice has shown that the internship model has achieved good teaching results by integrating and sorting out online teaching resources, exploring and using offline resources at home for students. The design, implementation and effects of the internship model are analyzed and summarized, with a view to providing reference for the later professional education and the teaching methods of related courses during the prevention and control of COVID-19. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cultivating path of young experimental teachers for biology under the background of outstanding teacher fostering project GUO Haiyong, ZHOU Xiaofu, ZHANG Xingzheng, WANG Renjun, ZHAO Yongbin, HAO Xilian 2022, 39 (4):  121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.125 Abstract ( 133 )   PDF   Save In order to build a team of high-quality professional and innovative experimental teachers, speed up the construction of high-level normal undergraduate education, and provide guarantees of teachers for the implementation of “outstanding teacher fostering project” in the new era, this paper explored the cultivating paths of youth biology experimental teachers in normal colleges or universities. Some improvement paths, such as the deep integration of scientific research and experimental teaching, the overall design of experimental courses, the reform of “student-oriented” education and teaching methods and modes, the led and trained education feelings, the constructed teaching and research community, the built a platform for quality teaching and research, and the reformed the evaluation and professional title engagement mechanisms, were adopted to stimulate the teaching and research enthusiasm and innovative development potential of young biology experimental teachers.The comprehensive professional quality and practical teaching ability of young biology experimental teachers has been significantly improved through the innovative practice of cultivating paths in school of life science of our university, and which would give some enlightenment to the construction of young experimental teaching staff in local normal university. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of indoleacetic acid on themitosis peak in garlic apical cells LU Juan, ANG Yujie, WANG Ping, QU Changqing 2022, 39 (4):  125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.128 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF   Save The mitosis of garlic tips was studied from 8 a.m to 4 p.m, and the garlic was cultured in water and indoleacetic acid solution (10-9 mol/L). Results showed that the staining effect of garlic tips by modified phenol magenta dye solution was better than that by gentian violet and safranine. The mitosis peak and the second peak of garlic tips cultured in water were at 2 p.m and 10 a.m, the mitotic index was between 1.91% and 3.68%, and the proportion of the metaphase and anaphase cells was between 0.38% and 1.47%. But the peak of garlic tips mitosis cultured in indoleacetic acid solution was at 8 a.m, then the mitotic index showed almost downward trends, the mitotic index was between 1.91% and 9.11%, and the proportion of the metaphase and anaphase cells was between 0.80% and 3.55%. Therefore, in order to improve the mitosis experimental success rate and effect, it is recommended to culture garlic in indoleacetic acid solution (10-9 mol/L). Related Articles | Metrics