Table of Content

18 February 2021, Volume 38 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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A non-classical model organism： advances in the research of Naegleria gruberi#br# XU Jiaxi, YANG Qinglin, WEI Zelin, XU Guoliang 2021, 38 (1):  1.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.001 Abstract ( 456 )   PDF   Save Model organisms are used to reveal biological phenomena with a universal pattern. Traditionally, only a few organisms have been extensively studied, but modern research tools enable researchers to expand the collection of model organisms to include seldom-studied and unusual organisms. Naegleria gruberi, as a free-living protist, has long been regarded as a research model for the assembly of basal body and flagellum due to its rapid transition between two highly distinguishable states,crawling amoeba and swimming flagellates. Recently, Naegleria genome sequencing has provided us with a new research perspective. This article focuses on the introduction of new functional studies and biological features revealed by genome sequencing, including facultative anaerobic metabolism, a wide range of signaling cascades, primitive biological status and single-cell meiosis, which provides novel perspectives and references for future studies in N. gruberi. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation of key genes for hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cell growth based on genome-scale metabolic model#br# XU Yizhou, WANG Zhuo 2021, 38 (1):  8.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.008 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF   Save Since the altered metabolism is the most significant characteristic in tumor cells, cancer can also be regarded as a kind of complex metabolic diseases.At the meantime, genome-scale metabolic models have appeared as a growing success in exploring mechanism of various metabolic diseases as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets, including several cancers. By comparing the metabolism difference of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor cell and normal liver cell, we found that AKG plays an important role in regulating tumor growth, so it can be targeted in cancer treatment, while the altered catalytic mechanismin HCC tumor cells indicated that TECR might be the potential anti-tumor gene. Furthermore, several key metabolic reprogramming processes have taken place in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. In addition, the depletion of DHCR24 and HMGCS2 can help tumor cells avoid apoptosis, which have been experimentally proved by previous study; the presence of IDI2 may contribute to improving cell proliferation and the ability of invasion and migration. We also found that intermediate products in choline metabolism are able to accelerate cancer progression by enhancing pro-inflammatory pathways through fatty acids biosynthesis. To conclude, lethal genes and synthetic lethal gene pairs identified in this study have important influences on tumor cell growth, and they can be potential targets for further clinical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the interferon-β regulation and structure of IRF6 WEI Diyang, YAN Liming, LI Weiran, JIA Yilin 2021, 38 (1):  14.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.014 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF   Save Our study aimed at verifying the interaction between IRF6 and IFN-β and providing foundation for the structural determination of IRF6. In this study, high throughput cloning, expression and purification were used to get a highly purified and soluble expression of the N-terminal domain of IRF6 (amino acid from 1 to 128). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to qualitatively validated the definite interaction between the N-terminal domain of IRF6 with a dsDNA fragment from the promotor of IFN-β. The complex of the protein and the ds-DNA fragment was used, and hanging drop vapor diffusion method was applied for crystallization. Finally, a crystal of a high resolution of 2.68 was obtained by the method of crystallography, which could provide sufficient information for the structural analysis. Our study verified the N-terminal domain of IRF6 was a DNA-binding region which regulates the transcription and function of IFN-β. Crystals of high quality of IRF6 could be obtained by means of assembling the protein-dsDNA complex, which laid the foundation for the 3D structure determination of IRF6. The research was of great significance of studying the function and regulatory mechanism of IRF6 and IFN. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification of genes associated with cancer prognosis in glioma based on Chinese glioma genome atlas and the cancer genome atlas databases#br# LYU Junjie, ZHANG Yihua, DENG Gui, LIU Jiaxin, YU Zhengyu, REN Fubin, CHEN Lina 2021, 38 (1):  18.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.018 Abstract ( 657 )   PDF   Save CGGA(Chinese glioma genome atlas) and TCGA(the cancer genome atlas) databases were used to mine glioma prognostic marker-related genes, combined with differential analysis, survival analysis, co-expression analysis, clinical correlation analysis and ROC curve to evaluate the predictive ability, and TCGA verification, PLAT, IGFBP2, BCAT1 and SERPINH1 genes that can be used as independent prognostic markers were got. The analysis showed that these four genes not only are independent prognostic factors, but also have good prognostic prediction ability in different populations, indicating that those genes have potential application value. Then the analysis of SERPINH1 splicing events reveals that they are important factors affecting the prognosis of patients, which will provide a basis for further understanding the characteristics of prognostic genes in glioma. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of candidate compounds for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)based on drug reposition strategy ZOU Min, LI Ruifeng, CHEN Min, YAN Xiaoyan, SHI Huiqing 2021, 38 (1):  23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.023 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF   Save The purpose of this article is to use drug repositioning (DR) strategies to predict candidate compounds for multiple myeloma, and to provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The GEO database was used to retrieve and screen the multiple myeloma expression profile chip data, GEO2R software was used to extract differentially expressed genes (DEGs); DAVID and Panther databases were used to enrich and differentially analyze differentially expressed genes; and the STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network analysis; the differentially expressed genes were introduced into the CMAP connection map, and candidate compounds for MM were calculated and obtained, and the candidate compounds were further searched and analyzed. It was found that a total of 53 differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 10 differentially up-regulated genes and 43 differentially down-regulated genes; GO analysis showed that biological processes involved 22 functional clusters, molecular functions involved 5 functional clusters, and cellular components involved 5 functional clusters; KEGG analysis involved 10 pathways; analysis of protein-protein interaction network showed that VCAM1, CCR2, CCL3 and CXCL12 genes were the core enriched genes with the highest enrichment; the top 20 were calculated by CMAP connection map candidate compounds, of which LY-294002 and Tanespimycin might have potential therapeutic effects on MM, but further experimental research and clinical verification were needed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of shRNA targeting interference of UL27 and UL54 genes on HSV-2 replication PAN Xiaoyu, LYU Yancheng, SONG Qifang, HAN Jinhui, ZHU Junfang 2021, 38 (1):  29.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.029 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF   Save To investigate the effects of recombinant expression vector shRNA (small hairpin RNA) of HSV-2(Herpes simplex virus type 2) genes (including UL27 and UL54 genes) on HSV-2 replication, the recombinant expression vector shRNAs were transfected into HEK293 cells with liposome, and the transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry. The relative expression levels of UL27 and UL54 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression levels of UL27 and UL54 protein were detected by Western Blot, the titer of progeny virus was determined by TICD50, and the cell survival rate was detected by MTT method. The results showed that the inhibition rates of UL27 and UL54 mRNA expression in the group of UL27 shRNA75 + UL54 shRNA1081 were (88.10±1.95)% and (85.53±2.28)%, respectively. And the expression of gB protein and ICP27 protein and the titer of progeny virus were decreased significantly. The survival rate of HEK293 cells was (97.30±2.91)%. Compared with the single interference groups, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). These results indicated that the combined interference of UL27shRNA75 and UL54shRNA1081 could significantly inhibit the replication of HSV-2 in HEK293 cells, which will provide a basis for the future research of HSV-2 multigene therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on Hela cells death induced by thymosin LI Yalin, WEI Rui, SHI Xiuchao 2021, 38 (1):  33.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.033 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF   Save In order to investigate the growth inhibition effect of thymosin alpha 1(Tα1) on tumor cells, this study detected the effect of Tα1 on the growth and proliferation of Hela cells of cervical cancer in vitro. The morphology of Hela cells was observed by microscope, the survival and growth of the cells were assayed by MTT. PCR and Westorn Blot were used to detect the expression of lc3 after the Hela were treated with Tα1 in different concentrations. The results showed that Tα1 induced the death of Hela and expression of lc3, and the expression quantity of lc3 were positively related with Tα1 concentration within a certain range. From the finding， we suggested that Tα1 induce the Hela cells death in vitro by autophagy probably. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition of Lactobacillus plantarum UD01 on biofilmformation of Fusobacterium nucleatum ZHONG Yanting, YANG Hong 2021, 38 (1):  36.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.06.036 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF   Save In order to screen the probiotic which can inhibit the formation of Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm under oral neutral pH, F. nucleatum was treated with pH 6.6 cell-free supernatant (CFS) from different probiotics, and its biofilm was determined by crystal violet semi-quantitative method.Lactobacillus plantarum UD01 was selected, due to its CFS(pH 6.6) could reduce the F. nucleatum biofilm.The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) was determined by the micro-dilution method, and the MBIC was 250 μL/mL. The results of SEM and CLSM showed that F.nucleatum biofilm decreased and became thinner, besides, its structure was looser after treated with UD01 CFS(pH 6.6). Growth curve, qPCR of adhesion-associated outer membrane protein genes, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) experiments indicated that UD01 CFS (pH 6.6) could not inhibit the growth of F. nucleatum, and its possible action mechanism against F. nucleatum biofilm was to down-regulating the expression of adhesion-associated outer membrane protein genes, reduced the secretion of extracellular protein and polysaccharide, thereby reduced the adhesion ability of F. nucleatum, and ultimately inhibited F.nucleatum biofilm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Enhancing the thermostability of Rhizomucor miehei lipase through coevolution of the propeptide and the mature region#br# WANG Jue, HU Lili, ZHANG Yumin, WU Na, LI Rui 2021, 38 (1):  41.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.041 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF   Save The present study enhanced the Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) thermostability through the rational design and the directed evolution, including 2 rounds of error-prone PCR, 2 rounds of site-directed mutagenesis and 4 rounds of saturation mutagenesis totally. Nine enzyme mutants were obtained and all of these mutants could maintain the activities after being the heat treatment at 70 ℃ for 2 h. The activity of the mutant M9(D48V/V67A/S168P/S240A/S311C/D313H) could reach (1 316±31)U/mg after the heat treatment, which was 5.2-fold of wild type at 37 ℃ (the wild type RML has no activity after the heat treatment). With sequencing analysis, the mutant sites D48V and V67A were located on the propeptide of the gene, and the mutant sites of S168P, S240A, S311C and D313H were located on the mature region. After saturation mutation of the two mutants on the propeptide, the thermostability of the mutant changed, which indicated that the mutation of the propeptide could affect the thermostability of the whole RML gene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic relationship analysis of Dendrobium plants based on chloroplast matK and rbcL gene#br# LIN Xiaoxia, LU Yan, LI Huili, ZHOU Ping, GUO Xinhong, YIN Liping 2021, 38 (1):  46.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.046 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF   Save Dendrobium officinale is a Chinese herbal medicine and mainly cultivated artificially with multiple botanical origins. A total of 22 D. officinale samples were collected from six different localities of China. The chloroplast genes matK and rbcL form 22 samples were amplified using PCR, and the purified PCR products were sequenced. These samples sequences with 33 matK and 30 rbcL sequences of different Dendrobium species were analyzed on sequence features, genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships. The average length of matK sequences were 1 708 bp, and average GC content was 32% with 768 conserved (polymorphic) sites and 871 parsimony informative sites; the average length of matK sequences were 1 332 bp, and average GC content was 42.9%, 802 conserved (polymorphic) sites and 24 parsimony informative sites. In genetic diversity, the haplotypes (H) of matK sequence was 32, values of haplotype polymorphism (Hd) was 0.842, and nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.270 16. For rbcL sequence, H was 10, Hd was 0.664, and π was 0.026 11. The genetic diversity of the populations of D. officinale was very high. In the phylogenetic trees, both gene matK and rbcL presented almost in all samples as a group with the D. officinale and consistent with their geographical distributions. In conclusion, the matK sequence had higher genetic diversity for phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium. There was obvious regional characteristics in evolution for germplasm resources of D. officinale in six different provinces of China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular identification and analysis of Coptischinensis var.brevisepala in Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province#br# AO Zhiguang, WEI Lehua, YANG Lei, LI Dong, LI Jianbin, SONG Liangke, 2021, 38 (1):  51.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.051 Abstract ( 211 )   PDF   Save The DNA barcode to molecularly identify the wild Coptis species in Houhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei Province and provide a preliminary basis for the protection and potential development of Coptis in the protected area. The total DNA of 12 Coptischinensis and their close related species were extracted, ITS2 and psbA-TrnH PCR were amplified and sequenced.Homologous sequences were also downloaded and selected according to sequence alignment from GenBank database. All the sequences were aligned, and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed. A total of 82 ITS2 sequences and 24 psbA-TrnH sequences were obtained. Different species of Coptis were clustered separately. The average K2P genetic distances for Coptischinensis, Coptischinensis var.brevisepala and Coptis spp. were 0.017, 0.008 and 0.051, respectively. Combined morphological identification and the DNA barcode molecular identification technology, different Coptis species could be well distinguished and identified. The wild Coptis spp. in Houhe National Nature Reserve of Hubei was successfully identified as Coptischinensis var. brevisepala and their ITS2 and psbA-TrnH sequence lengths were 200 and 258 bp, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic changes of amino acid content in nutrient organs of Mulgediumtataricum#br# LI Longmei, NIU Junmei, SU Yumeng, TIE Ying, ZHANG Bo, SHANG Xiaorui, WANG Ruigang 2021, 38 (1):  56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.056 Abstract ( 220 )   PDF   Save Using a combination of outdoor experiments and indoor analysis, the nutritional value and edible value of Mulgediumtataricum was analyzed by analyzing the amino acid content and crude protein content. The results showed that the crude protein content of Mulgediumtataricum in the seedling stage was the highest, and most of crude protein was concentrated in the leaves, accounting for 23.27%-55.60% of the whole plant. With the gradual growth of Mulgediumtataricum, the amino acids content showed a decreasing trend in the roots, stems and leaves; there was a significant positive correlation in 17 amino acids between roots and stems of Mulgediumtataricum. Comprehensive analysis showed that Mulgediumtataricum was rich in amino acids and was a forage good quality. The above-ground part (root and stem) of Mulgediumtataricum had higher amino acid content than the root and had the highest dry weight during the flowering stage. Therefore, the flowering stage of Mulgediumtataricum was recommended as the best stage for domestic animals.It is of great significance and reference value to analyze the contents of amino acid and crude protein in different growth stages of Mulgediumtararicum and its different organs, so as to evaluate the application of it in food and other aspects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on bacteriostasis and stability of clove extract SUN Changhua, YU Zhiyong, DING Juanfang, LIU Niting 2021, 38 (1):  61.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.061 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF   Save The optimization of clove bacteriostatic components extraction technology was studied. Bacteriostasis of clove extract was detected by oxford cup method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration and bacteriostatic stability of the extract were discussed. Results showed that： under the extract condition of 85% ethanol, in the ratio of material to liquid 1∶ 10, the extraction temperature of 80 ℃ and with the ultrasonic extraction time of 80 min, the obtained clove extract had good antibacterial effect against bacteria. Among which, clove extract had the best antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis, the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.053 1 g/mL, while the minimum inhibitory concentration of clove extract against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was 0.106 3 g/mL. The clove extract had strong stability to ultraviolet light and good thermal stability. Most metal ions had no obvious effect on the antibacterial effect, and the antibacterial stability in weak acid and neutral environment was very good except for strong acids and alkaline environment. Therefore, the clove extract can be applied to the preservation of foods and various processing conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different nitrogen forms on Potamogeton Crispusunder in response to Cd stress#br# QIU Weijian, GENG Mengdie, QIAN Chengyuan, GUO Yun, WEI Chao, CHENG Xiaoying, HUANG Xiaofeng 2021, 38 (1):  66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.066 Abstract ( 236 )   PDF   Save In order to study the influence mechanism of different forms of nitrogen (NO-3-N and NH+4-N) on the growth and development of plants under Cd stress, the contents of soluble protein, MDA, H2O2, O·-2, SOD, POD, and CAT activifices were measured and analyzed with Potamogeton crispusunder L. turions as the experimental material. The results showed that after adding Cd, the root, stems, and leaves of Potamogeton crispusunder L. were significantly stressed, while both NO-3-N and NH+4-N alleviated the stress. Also, compared with NH+4-N+Cd group, the contents of O·-2, H2O2 and MDA in NO-3-N+Cd group were lower associated with the activities of SOD, POD and CAT. NO-3-N had a more significant positive role in alleviating Cd stress to Potamogeton crispusunder L. By comparing the antioxidant system enzymatic activities of different organs of Potamogeton crispusunder L., the order of sensitivity to Cd stress was as follows: root> leaf> stem. Related Articles | Metrics

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Accumulation of heavy metal in 11 native plants growing in mercury(gold)-mining area of Danzhai County#br# GOU Tizhong, SONG Wei, YAN Hongguang 2021, 38 (1):  72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.072 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF   Save In order to screen plants growing on a contaminated site to determine their potential for heavy metal accumulation, the concentrations of As, Hg, Se, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the rhizophere soils, roots and shoots of 11 native plants growing in Danzhai mercury(gold)-mining area were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the heavy metal contamination of soil was evaluated by single pollution index(PI), bioaccumulation and translocation of the heavy metal in plants were evaluated by the means of bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and biological translocation factor (BTF). The results of PI showed that the soils were severely polluted by As, Hg and Se, and were slightly polluted by Zn and Pb, but were not contaminated by other heavy metal. Based on BCF and BTF values, 11 native plants were classified into 3 types: Pteris vittata was hyperaccumulating plant of As, moreover, Solanum nigrum was accumulating plant of Cd, Aster subulatus was accumulating plant of Cu and Zn; A. subulatus was root compartment plant of Se， Pogonatherum crinitum was root compartment plant of As and Cr; Xanthium sibiricum, Nicandra physalodes, Bidens pilosa, Miscanthus sinensis, Phytolacca acinosa, Chenopodium album and Boehmeria nivea were excluder plants. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of oligochitosan on the growth and stress resistance of rice seedlings under abiotic stress#br# YIN Yajie, ZHANG Zongjie, XIA Xian, WANG Jingsong, LIANG Yunxiang, HU Yuanliang 2021, 38 (1):  77.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.077 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF   Save The effects of low temperature, drought, and salt stress on the growth and resistance of rice seedlings were studied by spraying different concentrations of oligochitosan with the molecular weight of 2 000-3 000. The rice seedlings were divided into one normal control group and eight treatment groups. The treatment groups were sprayed with 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 125, 250 and 500 mg/L oligochitosan, respectively, the leaf samples were collected regularly, and then the physiological indicators were determined.The results indicated that the groups sprayed with 25 and 50 mg/L oligochitosan showed lower relative conductance in seedlings under low temperature stress.The leaf relative conductance decreased significantly after return to normal growth for 24 h. After the rice seedlings restored growth by low temperature stress for 72 h, its stem height increased significantly by 19.85% and 24.4%, respectively; and the main root length of it increased significantly by 49.50% and 42.3%, respectively.After return to normal growth for 24 h, the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the treatment group sprayed with 50 mg/L oligochitosan was decreased significantly. By analyzing the leaf relative conductance, the results showed the rice seedlings were greatly affected by the drought and salt stress. The damage of drought stress to rice leaves could be decreased when the concentration of oligochitosan was 12.5, 25, 50 and 125 mg/L.Moreover, the negative effect of salt stress could be alleviated through spraying with 25 and 50 mg/L oligochitosan. In conclusion, not only the stress resistance, but also the growth of rice seedlings was improved by appropriate concentrations of oligochitosan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Two new records of Apiaceae in Tibet ZHANG Chaoqi, XU Yuanjiang, QUAN Hong, ZHENG Weilie, LAN Xiaozhong 2021, 38 (1):  81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.081 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF   Save The purpose of this study was to find out the distribution of plant resources in Tibet region and enrich the diversity of species in Tibet. First hand data obtained from the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Tibet autonomous region were used for taxonomic identification of plant specimens and relevant tool books. The results showed that two species including Selinum cryptotaenium DE Boiss. (umbiaceae) and Pternopetalum subalpinum hand. -Mazz. were new recorded plants in Tibet Autonomous Region. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of salinity stress on blood ion concentration and carbonic anhydrase gene expression in Sinonovaulaconstricta#br# CHEN Ming, LIN Zhihua, XU Xian, HE Lin 2021, 38 (1):  83.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.083 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF   Save tNa+, K+ and Cl－ concentrations in blood and mRNA expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) gene in Sinonovaulaconstricta exposed to five salinity (salinity 5, 15, 20, 25 and 35) at different time (4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h) were measured.The results showed that: the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl－ in the blood of sinonovaulaconstricta increased with the rise of salinity. The concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl－ in the low salt group decreased firstly and then stabilized, and those in the high salt group increased firstly and then stabilized. The qPCR results showed that the CA gene was expressed in all tissues, and the highest expression was found in gill. After salinity stress, the expression level of CA gene mRNA in each experimental group increased and then decreased with time after 24 h, and finally stabilized. The expression levels of CA mRNA in salinity 5 and salinity 35 groups were more obvious than those in salinity 15 and salinity 25 groups.The results showed that the concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl－ in the blood and the CA gene changed under a salinity stress, adjusted to regulate the ion concentration in vitro and in vivo to maintain the balance of osmotic pressure.The role of ion concentration and CA gene in acute salinity stress provided basic data for the molecular physiological mechanism of Sinonovaulaconstricta in adapting to changes in salinity environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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The mechanism of thylakoid membrane adapting to light stress CHEN Ru, ZHU Li, HOU Xin 2021, 38 (1):  88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.088 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF   Save tIn photosynthesis, the light absorption, electron transfer and energy conversion require the participation of four major protein complexes embedded in the thylakoid membranes, including photosystem II (PSII), cytochrome b6f complex (Cytb6/f), photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. Land plants are often threatened by highly intensive light stress. In order to adapt to such an adverse environment, plants have gradually evolved a complicate adaptation mechanism to avoid photo damage. In this paper, the structural composition of thylakoid membrane lipids, and protein components of four major photosynthetic protein complexes locating on thylakoid membrane, as well as their regulatory mechanism involving in photo damage and repair of the photosystem under highly intensive light stress were reviewed. In addition, we pointed out that the structures and functions of numerous of low-abundance chloroplast small proteins are largely unknown due to the technical limited in the current research, and prospected the future research direction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the mechanism and clinical application of FAM83 protein in regulating tumorigenesis#br# LIU Nanxi, CHEN Xingzhen, ZHOU Cefan, TANG Jingfeng 2021, 38 (1):  93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.093 Abstract ( 428 )   PDF   Save Based on the structural and biological characteristics of the FAM83 protein family, this paper reviewed the regulatory factors, such as MicroRNA and protein posttranslational modification, for FAM83 proteins dysregulated expression and the functional activity in tumor cells and their potential mechanisms for tumorigenicity (MAPK, Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways), as well as their application in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment (molecular marker diagnosis and tumor drug resistance). The FAM83 genes were found to be up-regulated in various tumor cells and associated with cellular biological processes such as proliferation, migration, invasion, transformation and drug resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the FAM83 protein in tumor therapy were discussed. In the future, the unique functions of each FAM83 protein will be explored to provide theoretical basis for future novel targets of the FAM83 protein family for cancer treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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A review on the saline-alkaline tolerance of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.） LIU Duo, BAI Shuang, YANG Qingshan , QI Xuebin, LIANG Zhijie, GUO Wei, LI Ping 2021, 38 (1):  98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.098 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF   Save In this paper, the effects of saline-alkali stress on alfalfa were summarized, including the effects of salt and alkali stress on seed germination, growth and development, photosynthesis, osmotic regulation, antioxidant regulation, molecular mechanism of salt alkali, ion balance regulation and so on. Furthermore, the mechanism of alfalfa response to saline-alkali stress was expounded at the same time, the mechanism and feasibility of improving the saline-alkali tolerance of alfalfa through exogenous substances and mycorrhiza was further elaborated, aiming to provide support and practical guidance for planting alfalfa in saline alkali land, realizing ecological restoration of saline alkali land and excavating reserve cultivated land resources. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of ecological function of rubber plantation ecosystem QI Dongling, LANG Guoyu, CHEN Bangqian, SUN Rui, XIE Guishui, WU Zhixiang 2021, 38 (1):  102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.102 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF   Save This study analyzed the existing literature, reviews conducts ecological cognition and evaluation on the development of rubber plantations in China, and refered to the classification method of ecosystem services proposed by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework working group. Combined with the actual development of natural rubber industry in China, the research progress in the ecological function of rubber plantation was summarized and analyzed. It was concluded that rubber plantation has the function of ecosystem service, and it can bring benefits to human and environment for a long time. And the research direction in future was discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of novel fixed-bed bioreactor in cell-based pseudorabies virus production#br# NIE Jianqi , SUN Yang , YANG Yankun , LIU Xiuxia, LI Ye, BAI Zhonghu 2021, 38 (1):  106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.106 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF   Save To overcome the drawback of complex structure and foaming aeration of available fixed-bed bioreactor, a simple structure fixed-bed bioreactor with bubble free aeration was developed. The mixing time, kLa, cell distribution and cell capture ability of the reactor were tested. Then, the bioreactor was inoculated with Vero cells in low density to produce pseudorabies virus. The results showed that the mixing time and kLa of this bioreactor were comparable to that of STR. Also, the bioreactor showed good cell capture ability and homogeneous distribution. Vero cells grew well in this bioreactor with low cell inoculum density, and the cumulative virus particles on the 5th day post infection reached 10.37 log10 TCID50, corresponding to 2.3×105 doses of vaccine. This research could provide new bioreactor and technology for cell-based vaccine production. Related Articles | Metrics

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The design and performance of the mollusk teaching and   a scientific investigation practice project#br# KANG Cuijie 2021, 38 (1):  111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.111 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF   Save Social practice is an important way to know the society and self-improvement for college students. However, it is a difficult point that how to make the effective combination between professional knowledge study and social practice. In the previous work, the author has tried a teaching method named scientific investigation which combined the teaching of mollusk with the social practice of students. In this article, we introduced the design, implementation and effect of this method, so as to offer references for the summer social practice project performance in the new era. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the pathways to empower biology education with technology based on the reconstruction of classroom structure#br# ZHANG Chunlei 2021, 38 (1):  114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.114 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF   Save To develop students′ core literacy, three ways of using technology to empower biology education are clarified based on the roles of technology playing in the six-element classroom structure model: extending learning space and time, visualizing teaching content and supporting teaching methods. Through specific biology teaching examples, three methods of using technology as "resource", "tool" and "environment" in teaching are revealed. Finally, based on the new classroom structure model, innovative strategies of applying technology in biology education are proposed: using educational value and rationale to guide the innovative application of technology; selecting appropriate technology for instructional integration according to the characteristics of subject content and teaching methods; using technology to support students′ personalized learning; applying technology products and services flexibly and creatively based on the nature of technology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and exploration of enzymology teaching module in undergraduate teaching#br# LI He, YANG Zhenming, YOU Jiangfeng, GAO Jie 2021, 38 (1):  118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.118 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF   Save In order to solve the problem that enzymology is difficult to be incorporated into the undergraduate teaching system in the form of an independent course, the core knowledge of enzymology is integrated into theoretical teaching module, experimental teaching module, simulation teaching module, skill competition teaching module and practice teaching module, which are penetrated into the undergraduate training process. Taking theory and experiment courses, skill competitions, practice courses and graduation projects as the implementation carrier, we utilize teaching resources economically and fully coordinate the relationship among the five teaching modules. Therefore, students can systematically master enzymology knowledge from five aspects of "principle-design-analysis-operation-application", and then form a complete knowledge structure and a broad range of knowledge, subtly cultivating students′ interest and innovative ability. This study summarizes the application and exploration of enzymology teaching module in undergraduate teaching, in order to provide useful teaching reform experience for related subjects of enzymology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on training path of full-time professional engineering masters of biochemistry engineering field based on university-enterprise cooperation#br# LI Yongli, ZHOU Wenxue, HU Jianhua, LIU Zhanying 2021, 38 (1):  122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.122 Abstract ( 202 )   PDF   Save With the deepening of education reform of engineering master, the full-time professional engineering masters account for the majority of graduate students′ enrollment at each university. However, many universities still have the problem of simply imitating the full-time academic master of engineering training model in the cultivation of full-time professional engineering masters, the original object and intent of the postgraduate education for this category is not well realized. This article took the full-time professional engineering master program, focusing on the training objectives, curriculum setting, tutor system standards, thesis topic selection, tutorial guidance and supervision, and quality control involved in the training process of the full-time professional engineering masters based on the university-enterprise cooperation model, and then the effect of culture model was evaluated. We hope to provide a new insight for the improvement of the training quality of such type of professional engineering degree postgraduate students. Related Articles | Metrics

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Understanding the levels of a subject′s core competence,carrying out the in-depth learning step by step：take the teaching of photosynthesis for example DIAO Ling , ZHONG Nengzheng 2021, 38 (1):  126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2021.01.126 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF   Save Taking photosynthesis teaching for example, there are some differences in teaching content and requirements during the period of junior middle school, high school and university, but the teaching is all supposed to help students understand the connotation of the concept of photosynthesis as well as recognize the importance of photosynthesis, which enables students to further develop the life concept of structure and function, the life concept of material and energy and the life concept of evolution and fitting in. While taking part in the inquiring activities, students are supposed to form the scientific way of thinking, to cultivate scientific attitude and responsibility at the same time. The real, specific and valuable problem-solving situation is the carrier to form the driving task, and to guide students to solve the task and construct new knowledge, new understanding and new application. Performing deep learning based on real problem situations is an important way to cultivate students′ core literacy. According to the cognitive characteristics of students of different ages, teachers of each learning stage should help students gradually explore the nature and law of life, improve the concept of life, and then form a correct view of nature and world. Related Articles | Metrics