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Research progress of UDP-sugar biosynthesis CHEN Guihang, LI Chun, FENG Xudong Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 95-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.095 Abstract （2464）      PDF       Knowledge map    Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-sugar is an important type of sugar donors for glycosylation modification. The in vivo synthesis of UDP-sugar was summarized from three aspects: synthase pathway, phosphorylase pathway and kinase pathway. Due to the lack of key enzymes, only UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) could be quickly obtained from the above three pathways. At the same time, with UDP-glucose as the starting material and UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP GlcA) as the intermediate, the rapid interconversions between UDP-sugars could be realized by specific functional enzymes. The latest progress in UDP-sugar synthesis catalyzed by specific functional enzymes was reviewed, and the important roles of dehydrogenase, decarboxylase, isomerase and reductase in UDP-sugar interconversions were discussed. The existing problems of UDP-sugar synthesis were analyzed and the future research direction of UDP-sugar synthesis was prospected, aiming at providing new ideas for tapping the potential of UDP-sugar donors and realizing glycosylation modification with efficiency and low cost. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of protein N-glycosylation modification in prokaryotes #br# #br# TAN Yahong, GAO Lijuan, SONG Wenxia, LU Xuemei Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (5): 87-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.05.087 Abstract （929）      PDF       Knowledge map    N-glycosylation of proteins is the major post-translational modification occurring in nature and has important biological effects. It has been found that protein N-glycosylation is not restricted to eukaryotes, but also exists in prokaryotes. The research progress for prokaryotes protein N-glycosylation and the effects of glycosylation on the physiological function of organisms were summarized. The structure of N-glycosyltransferase and its recognition characteristics for substrates were also analyzed, and the application of the prokaryotic N-glycosylation system in glycosylation engineering was discussed, with a view to providing solutions for the design of new vaccines and disease treatments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bax and Bak regulate ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway HAN Jing, ZHAO Guoping Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (3): 6-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.03.006 Abstract （925）      PDF       Knowledge map    Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with wild-type (WT), Bak/Bax double knockout (Bak/Bax-DKO), Bak knockout (Bak-KO) and Bax knockout (Bax-KO) were used to investigate the role and possible mechanisms of pro-apoptotic protein Bak/Bax on the erastin-induced ferroptosis. The survival rates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, the levels of GSH/GSSG were measured by testing kits. In addition, the expression levels of target genes and proteins were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western Blot. The results showed that knockout Bak and Bax inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis significantly, and the expression levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protein and mRNA were increased significantly in Bak/Bax-DKO cells. Further studies showed that the absence of Bax also inhibited erastin-induced ferroptosis and promoted the expression levels of GPX4. However, no significant changes on erastin-induced ferroptosis and GPX4 expression were found in Bak-KO cells. These results indicated that Bak and Bax promoted erastin-induced ferroptosis via Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway and Bax rather than Bak played a key role. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in repairing photoaged skin with collagen peptide YIN Cuiyuan, LIU Lu, HE Linlin Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (1): 9-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.01.014 Abstract （892）      PDF       Knowledge map    The repair effects of collagen peptide (CP) on photoaged skin were introduced from three aspects: in vivo animal trials, in vivo clinical trials and in vitro cell trials. The effects of CP on extracellular matrix components and antioxidant indexes of mice dorsal skin under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation were analyzed from in vivo animal trials and the effects of CP on repairing photoaged skin by inhibiting the decrease of collagen and hyaluronic acid contents in mouse skin under UV irradiation were summarized. It was discussed that CP could promote collagen synthesis and inhibit collagen degradation respectively by inhibiting the abnormal changes of antioxidant indexes, the mechanism of CP repairing photoaged mouse skin was elucidated. The effects of oral CP on female skin hydration and collagen content were analyzed from in vivo clinical trials, and it was concluded that the effects of CP on repairing photoaged skin were through inhibiting the decrease of hydration and collagen content in the skin of female under UV irradiation. It was concluded that skin photoaging was closely related to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway and the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway from in vitro cell trials and signaling pathway levels, and that CP could also dose-dependently promote the proliferation, migration and adhesion of skin fibroblasts under UV irradiation, thus increasing cell viability and accelerating wound healing. It was also discussed that the mechanism of CP repairing photoaged skin fibroblastswas through inhibiting the activation of MAPK signaling pathway and the weakening of TGF-β signaling pathway in skin fibroblasts under UV irradiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the development trend of synthetic biology industry under the background of “14th Five-Year Plan” WANG Haoqi, GAO Hao, XIN Fengxue Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (3): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.03.001 Abstract （804）      PDF       Knowledge map    Synthetic biology is revolutionizing the biotechnology industry, which is increasingly applied in natural products, medicine, energy, industry, et al. With the promulgation of the “14th Five-Year Plan” for the development of biological economy, the heat of synthetic biology, known as the “third biotechnology revolution”, is rising. Synthetic biology is poised to disrupt many traditional industries with more economical and environmentally friendly features. The industry policies of synthetic biology and the domestic synthetic biology industries in China were reviewed. The synthetic biology focused on the fields of biochemicals, biopharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, medical beauty and cosmetics, and its future development was also prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the effect of Chlorella liquid fertilizeron three plants growth ZHONG Huiqi , HAN Pei , LU Qian , LENG Lijian, LI Jun , ZHOU Wenguang Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 66-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.066 Abstract （744）      PDF       Knowledge map    To explore the promoting effect of Chlorella as liquid fertilizer on plant growth, Chlorella were investigated as liquid fertilizer in water culture experiment and soil culture experiment respectively. The results of water culture experiments showed that application of 0.05 g/L Chlorella NCU-2 could promote the growth of Hydrocotyle verticillata and Epipremnum aureum. Compared with that of the water control, the number of leaves increased by more than 60% and the total leaf area increased by 84.63%-367.08% on Hydrocotyle verticillata. Meanwhile, the stem length increased by more than 67.78%, and the total leaf area increased by 70.92%-123.70% on Epipremnum aureum. The results of soil culture experiments showed that application of 0.04 g Chlorella NCU-2 could promote the growth of Capsicum annuum Linn. Compared with that of the water control, the plant height and the fruit number of Capsicum annuum Linn increased by 10%, 48.48%-112.12%, respectively. After the application of Chlorella NCU-2, the contents of available potassium and organic matter in the soil increased by 11.30%-20.04%. The results implied that Chlorella NCU-2 could not only promote the growth of three plants, but also improve the soil physicochemical properties, which had a certain reference significance for further exploring the growth promoting effect of Chlorella on plants and practical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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The phylogeny of Magnoliaceae based on chloroplast genome ZHU Bin, QIAN Fang, WANG Xiaoshuang, LIU Yingliang Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 53-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.053 Abstract （670）      PDF       Knowledge map    In the present study, 41cp genomes of Magnoliaceae species were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship. Results showed that the cp genomes of tested species were significantly variable at genome size (142723-160183 bp) and gene contents (116-138 genes). Three phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the whole chloroplast genome sequences (WCGS), coding sequences (CDS) and matK gene sequences, respectively. It is demonstrated that the three methods had consistent clustering results of the well-defined Magnoliaceae species, supporting the conclusion of traditional morphological classification. And the phylogenetic tree constructed based on WCGS had the highest bootstrap values (BVs), thus, the phylogenetic relationship was likely more appropriate to reveal the evolutionary process. Based on WCGS phylogenetic trees, the Liriodendron genus had a closed relationship to Magnolioideae species. Among these Magnolioideae species, Magnolia odoratissima showed a relatively distant relationship to other species. Our study clarified the appropriate methods for phylogenetic analysis of Magnoliaceae species, and constructed the phylogenetic relationship among selected Magnoliaceae species at chloroplast DNA level, which could be benefit to accurate identification and genetic resources conservation of Magnoliaceae species. Related Articles | Metrics

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Annexin V-FITC/PI detection of apoptosis experiment WEI Yuan, WANG Honggang, CHEN Chengbin, WANG Chunguo, SONG Wenqin, LI Dengwen, ZHAO Liqing Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 119-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.119 Abstract （670）      PDF       Knowledge map    An experimental course was set up to show how to detect apoptosis with Annexin V-FITC/PI to undergraduate students. Firstly, Etoposide (VP-16) was added to the Jurkat cells to induce the apoptosis, and then the apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit and photographed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that viable apoptotic cells showed green fluorescence under UV excitation, while late apoptotic and non-viable non-apoptoic cell showed red fluorescence. The number of cells was normal which had been counted in the control group. The apoptosis rate of different stages of cells increased to drug concentration increased after treated with drugs. The viable apoptotic cells and late apoptotic cells accounted for the highest proportion. While the cells were killed substantially, few early apoptotic cells remained when treated with high drug concentration. This experiment combined the Annexin V-FITC/PI kit with fluorescence microscopy, breaking the limitations of experimental conditions such as teaching funds, scale and instruments. Because this method costs relatively low, it is very suitable for large classes. On the other hand, the results are intuitive, so it is convenient for the students to understand the apoptosis principles and master the assay protocols. It meets the teaching requirements for undergraduate students teaching work, featured by high comprehensive, well-designed and researched. So that this apoptosis assay method effectively improves the level and quality of cell biology experimental teaching work. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospect of 100-year research of collagen and prospect ZHANG Guifeng, GAO Jianping, XU Liming, LUO Xi, ZHAO Lingyun Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (1): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.01.001 Abstract （660）      PDF       Knowledge map    Collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix, is the most abundant protein in vertebrates. The history of collagen research is inextricably linked to the process of understanding the nature of life, which has taken centuries to establish from the fiber theory to cell theory. Over the past hundred years, the application of collagen has gradually expanded from leather preparation and adhesives to food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomaterials. In recent years, it has expanded to tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and stem cell targeted transformation. The history of collagen research, the scope of application, the application of related technologies, and the milestones or results achieved were reviewed in the light of the available literature reports and related research experiences. The aim was to provide researchers in the field of collagen with the latest trends in collagen research, so that they can fully understand the relationship between technological advances and scientific research, while helping to promote the intersection and integration of different research fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and identification of variant strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and analysis of genetic evolution XIN Zhonghao, GUO Xiaozhen, LU Xiaohan, JIAO Anqi, LIU Liping, YU Jiang, HUANG Bin, SUN Shuhong, WU Jiaqiang Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 12-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.012 Abstract （626）      PDF       Knowledge map    Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is an acute, highly contact intestinal infectious disease of pigs caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). To understand the genetic evolutionary trend of PEDV in Shandong, RT-PCR was performed on clinical material collected from 2020-2021 with suspected epidemic diarrhea. Subsequently, the supernatant of the treated disease material was inoculated into Vero cells for PEDV virus isolation and verified using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and a PEDV strain, named QH-202105, was successfully isolated. the isolate was passaged and cultured to the 10th generation, its RNA was extracted, amplified and whole genome was sequenced, and the whole genome and S gene of the isolate were combined with the reference sequence downloaded from NCBI. The results showed that the isolate had the highest nucleotide homology with USA/Colorado/2013 at 99.1% and the lowest homology with CHM2013 at 96.5%. Amino acid sequence analysis of the S gene showed that the isolate QH-202105 had more than 60 mutations in the N terminus of the S gene, two amino acid insertions (including four amino acid insertions in QGVN at amino acids 59-62 and an insertion in amino acid N at position 145) and two amino acid deletions (deletion in amino acids 115-118 and deletion in amino acids 167-168). The results of evolutionary tree analysis showed that the isolated strain QH-202105 was a G2 gene group, which was the closest relative to CH/HNAY/2015 and CH/ZJCX-1/2012 and belonged to the same evolutionary branch. Based on this result, PROVEAN was applied to predict the function of the mutated amino acid in the S protein of QH-202105, and the result showed that the mutation at 1361 (G→C) was determined to be “Deleterious”, and it could be assumed that the mutation here might have an indirect effect on the invasiveness of the virus.The results of the study could provide reference data for the prevalence and prevention and control of PEDV variants in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on glycoside hydrolases gene family of plant pathogen PAN Fengying, LIU Lulu, SUN Dayun, GUO Zexi, QU Junjie, YIN Ling Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (6): 94-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.06.094 Abstract （619）      PDF       Knowledge map    This paper reviews the research progress of plant pathogen glycoside hydrolases (GHs) gene family in several aspects, including classification, enzyme activity, distribution characteristics and roles in pathogen infection. GHs’ roles in pathogen infection were focused. GHs play the role of virulence factors/pathogenic factors promoting pathogen infection and the role of elicitors or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) inducing plant immunity. GHs decompose plant cell walls into damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to induce plant immunity and the specific binding or breakdown pathogen/microbe-associated molecular patterns (P/MAMPs) to suppress plant immunity. On these bases, the molecular mechanism of plant pathogen GHs regulating plant immunity and existing problems were summarized.It provided reference for in-depth studies of more functions of GHs, as well as for better utilization of these GHs family members in crop improvement and disease control strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Functional comparison of phenazine synthetic proteins PhzA and PhzB KONG Deyu, WANG Zheng, NIE Chenxi, ZHANG Xuehong Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (5): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.05.001 Abstract （607）      PDF       Knowledge map    In order to explore the functional differences between PhzA/B and the effects on the synthesis of PDC and PCA, after comparing, screening and synthesizing the phzA and phzB genes from different bacteria were studied. The result showed that PDC and PCA could be detected in seven mutants, in which heterologous phzB genes replaced the endogenous phzA and phzB gene at the same time. However, PDC could not be detected in the secondary metabolites of five mutants, in which two heterologous phzA genes replaced the endogenous phzA gene and three heterologous phzB genes replaced the endogenous phzB gene, and the simultaneous presence of phzAB wound promote the synthesis of PCA. Moreover, structural analysis showed that there were some differences in some regions of PhzB proteins from different bacteria. The protein structures of PhzA and PhzB were similar, but PhzA lacked the corresponding active amino acid sites of PhzB. In conclusion, PhzA/B proteins from different bacteria had relatively high sequence similarity, but had certain differences in structure and function. They all played an important role in the synthesis of phenazine compounds. Among them, the function of PhzB protein was important to catalyze the synthesis of PDC, while PhzA protein could promote the synthesis of PCA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pioneer transcription factor DUX4 inzygotic genome activation during human embryo development #br# #br# LIU Yubing, LIU Chenchen, QIAN Richeng Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 94-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.094 Abstract （606）      PDF       Knowledge map    Mammalian life starts from zygote, which the oocyte is fertilized by the sperm. Subsequentmaternal-to-zygotic transition(MZT)is a crucial process in preimplantation embryo development.Pioneer transcription factors play a crucial role in the establishment of chromatin accessibility and zygotic genome activation initiation in early embryos through binding to specific sequences of target genes. However, the regulatory networks of pioneer transcription factor in human embryos remain unclear. Using the model of human embryonic stem cells, it has been found DUX4(double homeobox 4, DUX4) protein is the pivotal initiating factor for zygotic genome activation.The progress of human DUX4 in cell models and early embryo genome activation was summarized. Understanding the mechanism of zygotic genome activation in human preimplantation embryos may be helpful to optimize the in vitro culture system and to increase the success rate of assisted reproduction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and characterization of fructokinase and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase genes in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua ZHAO Liqiang , ZHAO Derui, SHAN Chunmiao, ZHANG Shengxiang , SHI Yuanyuan, WU Jiawen Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (4): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.04.001 Abstract （604）      PDF       Knowledge map    Fructokinase (FRK) and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMPP) are key enzymes of polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway in Polygonatumcyrtonema Hua (PC). In this study, the two key enzyme genes were cloned using RT-PCR technology based on transcriptome sequencing data, and the properties and structural characteristics of the two enzymes were analyzed. The ORFs of PCFRK and PCGMPP were 1725 and 1086bp in length and encoded proteins with 574, 361 amino acids, respectively. PCFRK has two characteristic conserved motifs of the phosphofructokinase B family; PCGMPP had a conserved site and an active site of the pyrophosphorylase family. The homology comparison showed that PCFRK had the highest similarity to the FRK of Apostasiashenzhenica, while PCGMPP had the highest similarity to the GMPP of Asparagus offcinalis. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression level of PCFRK and PCGMPP in rhizome was significantly higher than that in other tissues, which was consistent with the polysaccharide content in rhizome of PC. This study provided the basis for the functional study of PCFRK and PCGMPP and the further study on plant polysaccharides biosynthesis pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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SREBP1c-ACCα/FAS and SREBP1c-FABP3 axially regulate intracellular lipid synthesis and transport in HepG2 FU Changzhen, ZHENG Ying, LU Yao, WANG Renjun, LIU Qingping Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 9-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.009 Abstract （575）      PDF       Knowledge map    SREBP1c is a key regulator of de novo synthesis and intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). In this study, the potential relationship between disruption of the synthesis /transport of LCFAs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was axially regulated by SREBP1c-ACCα/FAS and SREBP1c-FABPs, was investigated. The adenovirusAd-SREBP1c was prepared for mediating the overexpression of SREBP1c, and the intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was measured by enzymatic assay followed by transfection of HepG2 cells with Ad-SREBP1c. The transcription and translation levels of ACCα, FAS, FABP3 and FABP4 were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Ad-SREBP1c virus titer was 1.6×109GFU/mL. The transcription and translation levels of SREBP1 were enhanced by 89.73-fold (P<0.01) and 7.27-fold (P<0.01), respectively, 24 h after transfection in HepG2 cells mediated by Ad-SREBP1. The mRNA levels of ACCα and FAS for downstream LCFAs synthesis were increased by 1.55-fold (P<0.01) and 3.42-fold (P<0.01), respectively, and with increasement each by 1.23-fold (P<0.05) and 1.43-fold (P<0.01) in protein expression levels. The FABP3 mRNA and protein levels were elevated by 4.03-fold (P<0.01) and 2.06-fold (P<0.01) respectively, while no significant change was observed in FABP4. Meanwhile, intracellular TG contents of HepG2 cells of 24 h and 48 h after transfection by Ad-SREBP1c were increased by 1.24-fold (P<0.05) and 2.41-fold (P<0.01), respectively. SREBP1c-ACCα/FAS could axially regulate the de novo synthesis of LCFAs, and SREBP1c-FABP3 could axially mediate the intracellular transport of LCFAs at the same time, which was probably the key mechanism contributing to the development of NAFLD due to cytosolic ectopic lipid deposition. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis in microbial and edible fungi mutation breeding LU Huan, SHEN Ling, SHANG Xiaodong, LIU Jianyu, WANG Ruijuan, YANG Hui Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (4): 92-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.04.092 Abstract （555）      PDF       Knowledge map    The concept, mutagenesis mechanism and factors affecting the mutagenesis effect of atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis were mainly described. The application of ARTP mutagenesis technology in improving microbial strains such as bacteria, actinomycetes and yeast and improving their biosynthesis ability, as well as in breeding new strains of edible fungi, was introduced in this paper with the main contents of mutagenesis breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi as the main contents. The advantages and challenges of ARTP mutagenesis technology in the breeding of microorganisms and edible fungi were analyzed. It also showed that the research focuses in the future were to improve the technical level of rapid screening of target strains combined with high-throughput sequencing, transcriptome and proteomics, to deeply explore the genetic law of microorganisms and edible fungi mutated by ARTP and the mechanism of regulating the synthesis of bioactive substances. It was hoped that the result would provide new ideas for the research of edible fungi and microbial breeding through the establishment and application of new technologies, and then promote the germplasm innovation and industrial sustainable development of microorganisms and edible fungi. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1): a new drug target for solid tumors SHU hang, JIN Tengchuan, WANG Hua Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 1-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.001 Abstract （529）      PDF       Knowledge map    DDR1, a member of the discoidin domain receptor family (DDRs), is widely expressed in human normal tissues and is closely related to the genesis and development of tumors. Based on the structure and biological characteristics of DDR1, this paper reviews the research progress of DDR1 in tumor, expounds the effects of DDR1 on tumor cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, epithelial interstitial transformation, and cell metabolism, as well as the important role of DDR1 in tumor microenvironment, and summarizes the progress of anti-tumor drugs targeting DDR1. The study aims to provide theoretical basis and clinical reference for DDR1 as a new target for solid tumor therapy in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the definitions of transpiration parameters in plant physiology textbook #br# #br# LI Zhongguang, LI Xiaoer, Chen Hongyan Journal of Biology    2022, 39 (3): 128-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2022.03.128 Abstract （495）      PDF       Knowledge map    Aiming at the different descriptions and even opposite definitions of transpiration parameters in different plant physiology textbooks, the transpiration ratio (TR), transpiration coefficient (TC), transpiration efficiency (TE), water requirement (WR), and water use efficiency (WUE) were analyzed and discussed by referring to the different plant physiology textbooks both at home and abroad. The concepts of TR, TC, TE, WR, and WUE were further amended and unified. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on nitrogen metabolism characteristics of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacteria HUANG Shiwei, TIAN Yun, MA Shu, LU Xiangyang Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (1): 91-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.01.091 Abstract （491）      PDF       Knowledge map    The related reports of HN-AD bacteria in recent 40 years were reviewed. The types of HN-AD bacteria, common application and nitrogen removal effect, nitrogen metabolism pathways, key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism and common influencing factors of nitrogen metabolism process of HN-AD bacteria were expounded, in order to provide theoretical basis for mining more efficient HN-AD bacteria and applying them in practical wastewater treatment. At present, most of the application research on HN-AD bacteria were in laboratory, the research on the nitrogen removal molecular mechanism is still not enough in-depth. In the future, the role of key enzyme-coding genes in the nitrogen metabolism process of strains can be further clarified by means of gene knockout, and efficient nitrogen removal engineering bacteria can be constructed by means of gene recombination or somatic cell fusion to cope with more complex wastewater environment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on NAD+metabolism and its effect on aging-related diseases YANG Honghui, SUN Yuan, WANG Xinbo, YAN Wei Journal of Biology    2023, 40 (2): 101-.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.02.101 Abstract （487）      PDF       Knowledge map    In this work, we reviewed the research progress of NAD+metabolism mechanism and its effect on aging-related diseases, focusing on the signaling pathways and cellular processes involved in NAD+, as well as its role in health and diseases from the aspects of NAD+biosynthesis pathway, consumption pathway and its regulatory mechanism. Based on the mechanism of action of precursors and key enzymes in the NAD+metabolic network, the potential therapeutic approaches of NAD+metabolism regulation on aging-related diseases were discussed, providing new perspectives for understanding the complex causal relationship between NAD+levels decline and aging-related diseases. The issues to be solved in the process of NAD+research and development were summarized from the aspects of the distribution and transportation of NAD+and its precursors, the production and repair of toxic metabolites, and the monitoring and measurement of NAD+metabolic dynamics, and finally, the broad prospects for disease treatment and drug development with NAD+as the target were prospective. Related Articles | Metrics