Abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a widespread transcription factor in the body that exerts its regulatory role in hypoxia, and activation of HIF-1α and its signaling pathway promotes cell survival and increases protection against damaging stimuli.Mycobacterium tuberculosisis a highly infectious intracellular infectious bacterium, and its infection is exposed to adversities such as hypoxia, nitric oxide, and nutrient deficiencies. During hypoxia, HIF-1α regulates the cellular immune response toMycobacterium tuberculosisby affecting energy metabolism pathways within the macrophage, and it plays an important role in macrophage anti-tuberculosis immunity. The aim of this paper was to summarize the role ofM. tuberculosis-induced activation of the host HIF-1α pathway in immune regulation, and to provide a reference for the study of the pathogenic mechanism ofM. tuberculosisand vaccine development.

Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, host cell, HIF-1α pathway, immunoregulation, immune response