Abstract: This paper summarizes the immune regulation function of type I interferon in the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Type I interferon can be used as a marker of active tuberculosis and aggravate the pathogenic process of tuberculosis. At the same time, type I interferon also participates in the immune defense process of anti-tuberculosis and effectively reduces the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, this paper summarizes the mechanism of host type I interferon expression and signal pathway activation induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection at different levels, and discussed that some components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can escape host immunity by regulating the response level of type I interferon, so as to promote its survival in the host. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress of host type I interferon response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its immunomodulatory function, so as to provide new ideas for the screening of anti-tuberculosis drug targets and the development of vaccines in the future.

Key words: tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, type I interferon, immunoregulation, immune escape