生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 24-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-1736.2022.03.024

• 病毒学专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型冠状病毒T细胞免疫的人群特征

  

  1. 中国科学技术大学 生命科学与医学部， 合肥 230000
  • 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-06-17
  • 通讯作者: 金腾川，教授，研究方向为感染与免疫的结构生物学，E-mail： jint@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:邓莎莎，博士研究生，研究方向为生物化学与分子生物学，E-mail: dsszzu@mail.ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院先导项目（XDB29030104）

Population characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity

  1. Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 23000, China
  • Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-06-17

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摘要： 通过分析2019冠状病毒病COVID-19患者、COVID-19康复患者、未暴露群体和疫苗接种人群的新冠病毒特异性T细胞应答及新型冠状病毒T细胞免疫的人群特征，指出新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起COVID-19患者T细胞应答，T细胞活化程度与疾病严重程度密切相关；COVID-19康复患者体内存在记忆T细胞，能对外来的新冠抗原产生免疫应答；部分未暴露健康人群的T细胞也能被SARS-CoV-2抗原激活，预示了交叉反应和预存免疫的存在；疫苗接种人群体内存在特异性记忆淋巴细胞从而抵御新冠病毒入侵。同时总结了目前最受关注的几类新冠突变株（阿尔法变种、贝塔变种、伽马变种、德尔塔变种和奥密克戎变种），以及目前针对它们的细胞免疫的有效性，为开发有效的预防和治疗方法提供理论基础。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒, T细胞反应, 免疫, 康复患者

Abstract: The specific T cell responses of COVID-19 patients, convalescent patients, unexposed individuals and vaccinators, and summarized the population characteristics of T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were reviewed. SARS-CoV-2 can significantly induce T cell responses in COVID-19 patients, and the degree of T cell activation is closely related to the severity of the disease. There are bulk of memory T cells in convalescents that can respond to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Some T cells of unexposed healthy people can be activated by SARS-CoV-2 antigen, indicating the existence of cross-reaction and preexisting immunity. Vaccination population can induce the production of specific memory lymphocytes to defend against SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Several highly pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants) were summarized, as well as the effectiveness of current cellular immunity against them, providing a theoretical basis for the development of effective prevention and treatment approaches.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, T cell response, immune, convalescents

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