生物学杂志 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2019.06.001

• 特约综述 •    下一篇

肠道病毒组与人体健康研究进展

  

  1. 中国科学技术大学 生命科学与医学部 中科院天然免疫与慢性疾病重点实验室 合肥微尺度物质科学国家研究中心分子医学部, 合肥 230026
  • 出版日期:2019-12-18 发布日期:2019-12-12
  • 通讯作者: 朱书,博士,教授,研究方向为肠道微生物与免疫相互作用及其对人体健康与疾病的影响,并开发靶向肠道微生物或免疫的药物干预自身免疫疾病、肿瘤和神经系统疾病,E-mail:zhushu@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陶万银,博士,特任副研究员,研究方向为微生物与宿主相互作用,E-mail:taoustc@ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    科技部国家重点研发计划(2018YFA0508000);中国科学院先导计划(XDB29030101);国家自然科学基金(81822021、91842105、31770990)

Gut virome in health and disease

  1. School of Life Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for physical Sciences at microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • Online:2019-12-18 Published:2019-12-12

摘要: 肠道微生物包括在肠道中定植的数量巨大的细菌、古细菌、真菌和肠道病毒等。当前对肠道微生物的研究大多集中于对细菌的研究,而随着研究的深入肠道病毒数量、种类以及对人体健康和疾病的影响也越来越受到重视。肠道病毒的研究传统上集中于经典病原体的感染致病机制以及宿主对病原的免疫应答等。近年来通过高通量测序技术对肠道中病毒核酸序列分析,揭示了动态和多样化的肠道病毒组,除了已知的肠道病毒病原体外,还发现了许多新的共生病毒,包括感染细菌的噬菌体、感染真核细胞的病毒以及已整合到宿主基因组的内源性逆转录病毒元件等。多项研究分别报道了肠道病毒组和疾病之间存在关联。病毒可以直接或间接调节肠道中的原核生物生长和宿主基因表达,发挥了“跨界”调控作用。因而肠道病毒与其他肠道微生物及宿主之间复杂的相互作用机制被认为是影响和干预肠道感染性疾病、炎性肠炎和肠道肿瘤等多种疾病的重要因素。回顾了近年来肠道病毒组研究的热点和进展,并展望了今后的发展方向。

关键词: 肠道微生物, 肠道病毒, 免疫, 肠道肿瘤

Abstract:

Gut microbiota contains tens of trillions microbes, including bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses that resident in our intestinal tract. Extensive researches in recent years highlight that human physiology, metabolism, nutrition, immune function and central nerve system are influenced by gut microbiota. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, which refers to a profound imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, has been linked with many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, neural disorder disease and cancer. The majority of studies to date, however, have been focused on the influence of gut commensal bacteria. Recently, a growing number of evidences indicate that gut virome plays a fundamental role in our health and disease as well. The human gut virome is composed of a diverse collection of single strand or double strand, DNA or RNA viruses, such as phages that infect bacteria or archaea, eukaryotic viruses that able to replicate in human cells, food-derived plant or animal viruses, as well as endogenous retrovirus elements that integrated in our genome. As sequencing data continually accumulated, it is clear that there are huge amount of viruses harboring in human intestine. Each individual person harbors unique and dynamic gut virome. Emerging data indicate that enteric viruses regulate, and are in turn regulated by other microbes through a series of processes termed "transkingdom interactions". Despite recent rapid advances, there are still major gaps in understanding the biological function and detailed mechanism of gut virome. Although still technically challenge, more functional studies are necessary to understand how gut virome interact with host in addition to association studies. Here we summarize some of the most recent progresses on gut virome in health and disease. Meanwhile we also highlight current challenges and discuss future direction in the field.


Key words: gut microbiota, gut virome, immune response, colorectal cancer

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