Abstract: The spatial distribution of eukaryotic nucleosomes affects the transmission of genetic information and is the basis of epigenetic and genetic engineering. Mathematical modeling is the basic way to study the three-dimensional structure and gene regulation of DNA, but the spatial dimension modeling is a problem for scientific research. To compare the distribution of nucleosomes around the transcription start site of single-cell and multi-cell biological genes, we used high-resolution yeast and Drosophila nucleosome localization experimental data to construct a nucleosome distribution model. In the model construction, the fitting effects of polynomial, Fourier series, Gaussian function and sine function were comprehensively compared, and the sinusoidal complex function was finally determined as the nucleosome distribution model of yeast and Drosophila. On this basis, the scale and frequency domain analysis of the periodic characteristics and evolutionary imprints of yeast and Drosophila nucleosome distribution showed that there were significant differences in the tissue structure between yeast and Drosophila chromosomes. The research ideas in this paper have an important reference value for using mathematical modeling and signal processing methods to obtain genomic structure information.

Key words: nucleosome, eukaryotic model organism, transcription initiation site (TSS), fruit fly, yeast, sinusoidal composite model