生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 98-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.05.098

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

武陵洞蛭和天目山蛭咽部颚片及颚齿的比较形态学研究

向海洋， 向冬琴， 颜奥然， 廖金屏， 殷梓涵， 刘志霄   

  1. 吉首大学 生物资源与环境科学学院， 吉首 416000
  • 出版日期:2025-10-18 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 刘志霄，博士，教授，主要从事动物生态学和保护生物学研究，E-mail：zxliu1965@163.com
  • 作者简介:向海洋，硕士研究生，研究方向为动物生态学，E-mail：2022700552@stu.jsu.edu.cn；向冬琴，硕士研究生，研究方向为动物生态学，E-mail：xdq1212@163.com；向海洋和向冬琴为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目（32160241）； 湖南省自然科学基金项目（2021JJ30554）； 吉首大学研究生科技创新项目（JDY2024068）； 吉首大学研究生科技创新项目（Jdy23089）

A comparative morphological study of the jaws and denticles in the pharynx of Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis and Haemadipsa tianmushana

XIANG Haiyang, XIANG Dongqing, YAN Aoran, LIAO Jinping, YIN Zihan, LIU Zhixiao   

  1. College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
  • Online:2025-10-18 Published:2025-10-14

摘要： 利用体视镜（SM）和扫描电镜（SEM）对武陵洞蛭（Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis）和天目山蛭（Haemadipsa tianmushana）咽部颚片及颚齿的形态结构进行观察和比较研究，结果显示：武陵洞蛭的3枚颚片细小，质地柔软，颚片之间间距较大，颚齿细小，数量为80~90颗；天目山蛭的3枚颚片发达，质地坚硬，颚片之间间距很小，颚齿粗大，数量为110~120颗。此外，在天目山蛭相邻颚齿的基部发现有唾液腺的分泌孔，而在武陵洞蛭的颚片上并没有发现唾液腺分泌孔结构。颚片和颚齿的形态结构以及颚齿的数量与蛭类的食性密切相关。天目山蛭属于“泛吸血性”类型，而武陵洞蛭在溶洞中衍生出了“专吸蝠血性”，其颚片和颚齿已发生明显的适应性进化。研究为中国洞蛭属（Sinospelaeobdella）区别于山蛭属（Haemadipsa）提供了新的形态学证据，有助于山蛭科（Haemadipsidae）分类学、功能形态学、行为生态学和进化生态学的深入研究。

关键词: 武陵洞蛭, 天目山蛭, 颚片, 颚齿, 吸血性, 山蛭科

Abstract: The morphology of the jaws and denticles ofSinospelaeobdella wulingensisandHaemadipsa tianmushanawas examined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main results showed that inSinospelaeobdella wulingensis, the triple jaws were minute and soft in texture, with large spacing between the jaws, and with approximately 80－90 denticles in a single row on the free margin of the jaws. In contrast, inHaemadipsa tianmushana, the triple jaws were well-developed, and hard in texture, with small spacing between the jaws, and with approximately 110－120 denticles in a single row on the free edge of the jaws. Salivary gland secretory pores were exclusively observed at the base of adjacent denticles inHaemadipsa tianmushana. The morphological features of the jaws and the number of denticles of leechers were closely related to their feeding habits. WhileH. tianmushanais an obligate blood-feeder,S. wulingensisis a facultative blood-feeder. These differences suggested morphological adaptations have occurred in their jaws and denticles of these two species. This study provided new morphological evidences for distinguishingSinospelaeobdellafromHaemadipsa, and contributes to further investigation on taxonomy, functional morphology, behavioral ecology and evolutionary ecology for Haemadipsidae.

Key words: Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis, Haemadipsa tianmushana, jaw, denticle, blood-sucking, Haemadipsidae

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