生物学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 97-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2024.02.097
外泌体是一种由多种细胞分泌的30~150 nm的小囊泡,在组织细胞生理和病理情况下皆可持续分泌,存在于多种体液当中,通过转运蛋白质、脂质、核酸等方式影响或改变受体细胞的行为,在细胞间通讯、免疫调节等方面发挥重要作用。以水生生物外泌体为切入点,对外泌体的组成特征以及不同种类水生生物的外泌体功能进行综述,并对影响生物外泌体分泌的环境因素进行分析,探讨外泌体释放量与环境因素的关系,旨在为水生生物外泌体和环境保护提供新的研究思路。
Exosomes are small, membrane-bound vesicles with a diameter ranging from 30 to 150 nm. They are actively released by diverse cell types and exhibit sustained secretion under both physiological and pathological conditions of tissue cells. Exosomes can be found in various body fluids and exert their influence on recipient cells through the delivery of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules. These molecular cargos enable exosomes to modulate and alter the behavior of target cells, thereby playing significant roles in intercellular communication and immune regulation, among other crucial cellular processes. This article took aquatic-derived exosomes as a focal point, providing a comprehensive synthesis of their compositional characteristics and elucidating the functional diversity of exosomes that observed across different aquatic organisms. Moreover, it undertook an in-depth analysis of the environmental factors impacting the secretion of exosomes, aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between exosome release quantity and these environmental cues. This review presented novel research insights for the study of aquatic-derived exosomes in the context of environmental conservation.