生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 10-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.05.010

• 合成生物学专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

转录调控因子型生物传感器的特性、优化与应用

彭佳妮1， 孙　喆1,2， 张学礼1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所， 天津 300308； 2. 国家合成生物技术创新中心， 天津 300308
  • 出版日期:2025-10-18 发布日期:2025-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 孙喆，博士，研究员，研究方向为转录调控与合成生物技术，E-mail：sunzhe@tib.cas.cn；张学礼，博士，研究员，研究方向为生物制造与基因编辑，E-mail：zhang_xl@tib.cas.cn；孙喆和张学礼为共同通信作者
  • 作者简介:彭佳妮，硕士，研究方向为合成生物技术，E-mail：pengjiani@tib.cas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC2106200）； 天津市合成生物技术创新能力提升行动项目（TSBICIP-CXRC-064）

Characterization, optimization and application of transcription regulatory factor-based biosensors 

PENG Jiani1, SUN Zhe1,2, ZHANG Xueli1,2   

  1. 1. Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China;
    2. National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
  • Online:2025-10-18 Published:2025-10-14

摘要： 随着合成生物学与微生物代谢工程的快速发展，微生物细胞工厂的构建取得显著进展，为传统依赖化石资源的工业生产向以可再生资源为基础的绿色生物合成转型提供支撑。通过微生物细胞工厂实现化学品的生物合成，不仅有显著的环境与经济效益，还为大宗和高附加值化学品及生物燃料等的可持续生产提供了关键技术支持。然而，微生物的代谢工程改造在当前仍面临诸多问题，包括中间代谢物积累、关键酶活力不足以及目标产物产量和转化率低等，制约了其工业化应用。针对这些问题，转录调控因子型生物传感器凭借其信号感受和输出能力，在动态优化微生物代谢通量，提高关键酶活性及优势菌株高通量筛选中发挥着重要作用，成为解决相关瓶颈的关键工具。系统综述了转录调控因子型生物传感器的分类与特性，归纳了其在信号感知元件、信号转导元件及信号输出元件优化中的策略。同时，探讨了其在代谢流动态调控、代谢途径优化及高通量筛选中的实际应用，并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 转录调控因子, 生物传感器, 动态调控, 高通量筛选, 合成生物学

Abstract: With the rapid advancement of synthetic biology and microbial metabolic engineering, the construction of microbial cell factories has achieved significant progress, facilitating the transition from traditional fossil resource-dependent industrial production to green biosynthesis based on renewable resources. Microbial cell factories enable the biosynthesis of chemicals, offering substantial environmental and economic benefits while providing critical technological support for sustainable production of bulk chemicals, high-value-added compounds, and biofuels. However, microbial metabolic engineering still faces numerous challenges, including the accumulation of intermediate metabolites, insufficient catalytic activity of key enzymes, and low yields and conversion rates of target products, all of which hinder its industrial application. To address these challenges, transcription factor-based biosensors have emerged as essential tools. Their ability to sense and transmit signals allows dynamic optimization of microbial metabolic fluxes, enhanced activity of critical enzymes, and high-throughput screening of superior strains, effectively mitigating these bottlenecks. This review systematically summarized the classification and characteristics of transcription factor-based biosensors, highlighting key strategies for optimizing signal sensing elements, signal transduction components, and output modules. Furthermore, it explored their practical applications in dynamic metabolic flux control, metabolic pathway optimization, and high-throughput screening. Finally, this review provided a perspective on future directions in this field, aiming to guide further advancements in biosensor development and applications.

Key words: transcriptional regulators, biosensors, dynamic regulation, high-throughput screening, synthetic biology

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