生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 50-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.04.050

• 高原动物环境适应专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

镜铁山旱獭体表媒介种群分布与鼠疫血清学特征

李建兵1， 赵文龙2， 李世雄1， 尹小刚1， 祁　瑞2   

  1. 1. 嘉峪关市疾病预防控制中心， 嘉峪关 620202； 2. 兰州大学 公共卫生学院， 兰州 730000
  • 出版日期:2026-08-18 发布日期:2026-08-21
  • 通讯作者: 祁瑞，博士，教授，研究方向为流行病学研究，E-mail：qir@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李建兵，研究方向为鼠疫防控和地方病防控，E-mail：jygljb@126.com；赵文龙，硕士研究生，研究方向为流行病学研究，E-mail：zhwenlong2023@lzu.edu.cn；李建兵和赵文龙为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    嘉峪关市重大专项科技计划项目（24-06）； 甘肃省疾控局公共卫生计划项目（GSJKKY2025-04）

Population distribution of ectoparasitic vectors on the marmot and serological characteristics of plague in marmots in Jingtieshan

LI Jianbing1, ZHAO Wenlong2, LI Shixiong1, YIN Xiaogang1, QI Rui2#br#   

  1. 1. Jiayuguan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiayuguan 620202, China;
    2. School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Online:2026-08-18 Published:2026-08-21

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摘要： 本研究于2024年5—9月在祁连山镜铁山区域开展鼠疫主要宿主及其媒介的种群密度和分布特征以及旱獭鼠疫血清学特征等调查研究，以了解当地动物间鼠疫流行情况。通过路线法和样方法调查得出：5月份旱獭密度分别为0.11只/hm2和0.46只/hm2；7月份旱獭密度分别为0.12只/hm2和0.58只/hm2。通过探洞，5月份和7月份旱獭洞的洞干染蚤率分别为2.00%和2.78%；洞干蚤指数分别为0.09和0.12；洞干染蜱虫率分别为5.33%和5.56%，洞干蜱虫指数分别为0.06和0.08。出蛰期旱獭染蚤率为44.32%，蚤指数为3.80；旱獭染蜱虫率为26.70%，蜱虫指数为1.15。通过基因鉴定以及系统发育分析，喜马拉雅旱獭体表寄生媒介的物种有草原硬蜱、谢氏山蚤、斧形盖蚤以及细钩盖蚤，其中斧形盖蚤（94.01%）为优势蚤种。经血清学检测（包括胶体金法和间接血凝法）发现，旱獭血清抗体阳性率为4.55%（8/176）。这些血清抗体阳性的旱獭平均年龄为3.75 a，且主要在5月份（3只）和7月份（4只）被检出。S215省道沿线以及调查样地的旱獭活动活跃，当地旱獭密度及其体表寄生媒介生物数量均处于较高水平。旱獭血清抗体阳性率以及抗体阳性旱獭的年龄提示该疫源地在近几年内可能曾发生动物间鼠疫流行，因此该疫源地仍存在动物间鼠疫流行的风险，应持续开展监测工作。

关键词: 鼠疫, 喜马拉雅旱獭, 疫源地, 密度, 媒介

Abstract: From May to September 2024, an investigation of the population density and distribution of the primary plague host and its ectoparasitic vectors, and the plague serological characteristics of marmots was conducted in the Jingtieshan area of the Qilian Mountains, aiming to understand the prevalence of plague among local animals. In May, the marmot densities obtained by the line transect method and the quadrat sampling method were 0.11 individuals/hm2and 0.46 individuals/hm2, respectively. In July, these densities were 0.12 individuals/hm2and 0.58 individuals/hm2, respectively. Through burrow exploration, the burrow flea infestation rates of marmot burrows in May and July were 2.00% and 2.78%, with burrow flea indices of 0.09 and 0.12, while the burrow tick infestation rates of marmot burrow in May and July were 5.33% and 5.56%, with burrow tick indices of 0.06 and 0.08. The flea infestation rate in marmots was 44.32%, and the marmot flea index was 3.80. The tick infestation rate in marmots was 26.70%, and the marmot tick index was 1.15. Through genetic identification and phylogenetic analysis, the parasitic vectors found on the body surface of the marmots includeIxodes crenulatus, Oropsylla silantiewi, Callopsylla dolabris, andCallopsylla sparsilis, and among them,C. dolabriswas predominant, accounting for 94.01% of the total flea population. Serological tests （including colloidal gold and indirect hemagglutination assays） revealed that the positive rate of marmot serum antibodies was 4.55% （8/176）. The average age of these marmots with positive serum antibodies was 3.75 years, and they were mainly detected in May （3 individuals） and July （4 individuals）. High marmot activity was observed along Provincial Highway S215 and within study sites, and the densities of marmots and their surface-dwelling parasites were both high. The positive rate of serum antibodies in marmots and the ages of antibody-positive marmots suggested that an animal plague epidemic may have occurred in this natural plague focus in recent years, indicating a risk of plague transmission among animals in this area, and continuous plague surveillance should be carried out.

Key words: plague;Marmota himalayana, plague focus, density, vector

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