生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 116-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.06.116

• 教学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

果蝇遗传多样性综合实验的设计和实践

安赛男1， 孔　烨2， 姜　姗2， 沈虹宇1， 曹英华1   

  1. 1. 北京师范大学珠海校区 实验教学平台， 珠海 519087；
    2. 北京师范大学珠海校区 未来教育学院， 珠海 519087
  • 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-12-19
  • 作者简介:安赛男，实验师，主要从事遗传学教学和研究工作，E-mail:ansn@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    2023年北京师范大学珠海校区教学建设与改革项目(jx2023037)

Design and practice of comprehensive experiments on the genetic diversity of Drosophila

AN Sainan1, KONG Ye2， JIANG Shan2, SHEN Hongyu1, CAO Yinghua1   

  1. 1. Platform for Experiment Teaching, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China;
    2. College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
  • Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-12-19

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摘要： 基于果蝇物种丰富、易于采集和实验室培养的特点，对原有遗传学实验进行整合和补充，设计以果蝇为实验材料的遗传多样性系列实验，包含果蝇观察、采集及培养、DNA条形码技术鉴定果蝇物种、唾腺染色体标本制备和观察、同工酶标记实验和SSR分子标记实验等5个实验，从表型、染色体、蛋白质和DNA分子层面揭示果蝇的遗传多样性，具有多层次、渐进式、探究性的特点。通过实验材料将实验联系起来，有助于增强学生对遗传学知识和技术的系统理解以及提高学生的综合性实验能力。

关键词: 遗传多样性, 遗传学, 实验教学, 果蝇, 综合性实验

Abstract: Considering the abundance ofDrosophilaspecies and their ease of collection/culture, a serial experiment on genetic diversity was designed usingDrosophilaflies as experimental materials. These experiments integrated and extended the established experimental system. The experimental series comprised 5 components: observation, collection, and culture ofDrosophila, species identification via DNA barcoding, creation and observation of salivary gland chromosome specimens, isozyme analysis, and SSR analysis. These experiments collectively assessed the genetic diversity ofDrosophilaat the phenotypical, chromosome, protein, and DNA levels. This multi-tiered approach featured progressive and exploratory characteristics. Using consistent experimental samples throughout the series enables students to systematically understand the knowledge and technology of genetics and comprehensively improve their experiment capabilities.

Key words: genetic diversity, genetics, experiment teaching;Drosophila, comprehensive experiment

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