生物学杂志

生物学杂志

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物表面活性剂在稠油降黏中的特性研究

  

  1. 安徽大学 资源与环境工程学院， 合肥 230601
  • 出版日期:2017-06-18 发布日期:2017-06-18
  • 作者简介:吴涓，副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事环境微生物及其应用方面的研究，E-mail：wujuan@ustc.edu
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省教育厅重点科研项目(KJ2012A006)

Characteristics research on reducing viscosity of heavy oil

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering， Anhui University， Hefei 230601, China
  • Online:2017-06-18 Published:2017-06-18

PDF (PC)

127

摘要： 从辽河油田某处土壤中分离筛选得到一株优良的生物表面活性剂产生菌A3。通过16S rRNA基因序列相似性分析，将其鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)。薄层层析(TLC)和红外光谱分析表明，该菌株所产生物表面活性剂为糖脂类生物表面活性剂。对生物表面活性剂在稠油降黏中的特性进行了探究，结果表明，生物表面活性剂的用量、温度、矿化度对稠油乳状液的降黏均有一定的影响。在30℃～50℃范围内，稠油乳状液的黏度变化幅度不大，降黏率可达85.7%。当稠油乳状液矿化度高达20 g/L时，降粘率为77.1%。当生物表面活性剂在降黏体系中的浓度为3.33 mg/L，于30℃下反应30 min时，稠油的降黏率最大可达到96.7%。无论是在表面活性剂的加入量、还是在灵敏性以及降黏性能方面，生物表面活性剂均优于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。

关键词: 筛选, 生物表面活性剂, 表面张力, 稠油, 降黏

Abstract: An efficient biosurfactant-producing strain A3 was isolated from the soil of Liaohe oil field. According to the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence, it was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The analysis by TLC and infrared spectrum showed that the biosurfactant produced by strain A3 belongs to glycolipid. The characteristics of biosurfactant in the viscosity reduction of heavy oil were investigated. The results showed that the dosage of biosurfactant, temperature and salinity had important effects on viscosity reduction of heavy oil. The small change in viscosity could be observed in the range of 30℃ to 50℃, and viscosity reduction rate of 85.7% could be obtained. The viscosity reduction rate of 77.1% could be obtained under the salinity of 20 g/L. Using 3.33 mg/L biosurfactant, the viscosity reduction rate of 96.7% could be obtained under 30℃ for 30 min. The biosurfactant from strain A3 is superior to chemical surfactant C16H33N(CH3)3Br in dosage, sensitivity and performance in viscosity reduction.

Key words: screening, biosurfactant, surface tension, heavy oil, viscosity reduction