关键词: 表观遗传学, 胚胎发育, DNA甲基化, 组蛋白修饰, 染色质可及性

Abstract: Epigenetic remodeling begins shortly after fertilization, including DNA methylation changes, chromatin remodeling, and transcription changes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and ten-eleven-translocation protein (TET) are involved in the reprogramming and dynamic changes of DNA methylation, which are closely related to embryonic development, early cell fate determination, and imprinted gene regulation. Histone modifications, particularly methylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation of H2 and H3 histones, serve as important epigenetic regulators that control gene transcription activity and chromatin accessibility. DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility undergo dynamic changes throughout different stages of embryonic development, and genes, enzymes, and substrates related to DNA methylation and histone modification also change dynamically. Recently, many new studies have revealed new mechanisms of DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin accessibility from the perspective of genome-wide. In this paper, the research progress on the epigenetic regulation of embryonic development was reviewed.

Key words: epigenetic, embryo development, DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin accessibility