生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 67-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.05.067

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

草原有毒杂草化感作用研究进展及其开发利用

李努芬1,2， 张家迪1,2， 华　维1,2， 刘开林1， 杨浩娜2   

  1. 1. 湖南农业大学 植物保护学院， 长沙 410128； 2. 湖南省农业科学院， 长沙 410125
  • 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨浩娜，博士，副研究员，研究方向为杂草生物学及化感防控，E-mail：haonayang@hunaas.cn；刘开林，博士，教授，研究方向为杂草防治及抗药性研究，E-mail：kailin@hunau.edu.cn；杨浩娜和刘开林为共同通信作者
  • 作者简介:李努芬，硕士研究生，研究方向为资源利用与植物保护，E-mail：3033548024@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1400505-02）； 湖南省重点研发计划项目（2024AQ2035）； 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目（2024CX70）

Research progress on the allelopathic effects of toxic weeds in grasslands and their development and utilization

LI Nufen1,2, ZHANG Jiadi1,2, HUA Wei1,2, LIU Kailin1, YANG Haona2   

  1. 1. College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
    2. Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
  • Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-10-20

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摘要： 草原有毒杂草的快速蔓延对草地生态系统健康及畜牧业可持续发展构成严重威胁，成为草地生态学研究热点。其中，化感作用是其入侵和扩张的关键内在机制之一。探究草原有毒杂草的化感作用，对遏制草原退化、推动退化草地的生态修复具有指导意义。本文综述了草原有毒杂草化感作用的研究进展，并对其化感作用综合利用情况进行了简要概述。研究发现草原有毒杂草的主要化感物质包括酚类化合物、萜类化合物和生物碱等，这些物质既能通过抑制优良牧草生长、改变土壤微生物群落等方式危害草原生态系统，又因其强生物活性在开发新型生物农药、治疗药物及饲料化利用方面具有巨大潜力。最后，本文提出应整合多组学技术深入解析草原有毒杂草的化感作用机制，推动其综合开发利用，为草地生态系统可持续发展与资源高效利用提供新途径。

关键词: 草原, 有毒杂草, 化感作用, 作用机理, 开发利用

Abstract: The rapid spread of toxic weeds on grasslands poses a serious threat to the health of grassland ecosystems and the sustainable development of animal husbandry, making it a hot topic in grassland ecology research. Among them, allelopathy is one of the key internal mechanisms for their invasion and expansion. Exploring the allelopathy of toxic weeds on grasslands is of guiding significance for curbing grassland degradation and promoting the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. This paper reviewed the research progress on allelopathy of toxic weeds on grasslands and briefly summarized their comprehensive utilization. The research found that the main allelochemicals of toxic weeds on grasslands included phenolic compounds and their derivatives, terpenoids and alkaloids, etc. These substances could not only harm grassland ecosystems by inhibiting the growth of high-quality forage and changing soil microbial communities, but also have great potential in the development of new biological pesticides, therapeutic agents and feed applications due to their strong biological activity. Finally, this paper proposed that multi-omics technologies should be integrated to analyze in depth the allelopathy mechanism of toxic weeds on grasslands, promoted their comprehensive development and utilization, and provided new ways for the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems and efficient utilization of resources.

Key words: grassland, toxic weeds, allelopathy, mechanism, development and utilization

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