生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 53-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.01.053

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬虫夏草不同生态位土壤细菌群落多样性特征组成及结构差异研究

王庆鹤1， 鲍秀文1， 方佳伟2， 王雅培1， 牛舒琪2， 国锦琳1   

  1. 1. 成都中医药大学 药学院， 成都 611137； 2. 成都中医药大学 医学技术学院， 成都 611137
  • 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2026-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 国锦琳，博士，教授，研究方向为中药资源与利用研究，E-mail：guo596@cdutcm.edu.cn；牛舒琪，博士，讲师，研究方向为中药资源与利用研究，E-mail：niushuqi@cdutcm.edu.cn；国锦琳和牛舒琪为共同通信作者
  • 作者简介:王庆鹤，博士，研究方向为中药资源与利用，E-mail：wangqinghe@stu.cdutcm.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金重点项目（2024NSFSC0052）； 国家自然科学基金项目（81872959， 81373920）； 中国博士后科学基金第73批面上项目（2023M730381）

Diversity characteristic compositions and structural differences of soil bacterial communities in different ecological niches of Ophiocordyceps sinensis

WANG Qinghe1, BAO Xiuwen1, FANG Jiawei2, WANG Yapei1, NIU Shuqi2, GUO Jinlin1   

  1. 1. School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
    2. School of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
  • Online:2026-02-18 Published:2026-02-27

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摘要： 以冬虫夏草菌膜土、周际土与对照土为研究对象，采用PacBio测序技术对上述土壤中的细菌DNA进行高通量测序，分析细菌群落的α多样性、β多样性，探究分子生态网络及关键微生物，同时结合FAPROTAX预测其生态功能。研究发现菌膜土中的细菌OTU数量和物种丰富度（ACE、Chao1）显著高于对照土和周际土。在物种组成上，对照土和周际土的优势门是酸杆菌门（分别占比31.0%和36.5%），菌膜土的优势门是变形菌门（占比36.1%）。分子生态网络分析表明，对照土的网络复杂度较高，而周际土和菌膜土的网络连接性较低，但细菌之间的正相关作用更强。在3种生态位细菌网络中共鉴定了15个关键微生物，其中，对照土的关键微生物数量最少（占比20.0%），而周际土中的数量最多（占比46.7%）。FAPROTAX功能预测显示，不同生态位的土壤表现出不同的生态功能，其中，菌膜土的尿素分解、硝酸盐还原、发酵和光营养功能显著高于对照土（P<0.05），发酵、硝酸盐还原和光营养功能显著高于周际土（P<0.05）。总之，冬虫夏草不同生态位土壤细菌群落的特征、组成与结构均有显著差异，体现了冬虫夏草对土壤细菌群落的筛选和过滤作用。这些发现为深入研究冬虫夏草的发生机制以及优化其人工繁育提供了基础数据，并对藏区致富等工作提供了重要技术支持。

关键词: 冬虫夏草, 土壤微生物, 细菌群落, 分子生态网络, 微生物功能

Abstract: In this study, PacBio sequencing technology was utilized to perform high-throughput sequencing of bacterial DNA from the mycelial, surrounding, and control soils ofOphiocordyceps sinensis. The alpha- and beta-diversity of the bacterial community were analyzed, and the molecular ecological network and key microorganisms were identified, and their ecological functions were predicted by FAPROTAX. Analysis revealed that the number of bacterial OTU and species richness (ACE, Chao1) in the mycelial soil were significantly higher than those in control and surrounding soils. In terms of species composition, Acidobacteria was the dominant phylum in both the control and surrounding soils (31.0% and 36.5%, respectively), and the dominant phylum in the mycelial soil was Proteobacteria (36.1%). Molecular ecological network analysis showed that the control soil network exhibited higher complexity. In contrast, the networks of the surrounding and mycelial soils showed lower connectivity but stronger positive correlations among bacterial. A total of 15 key microorganisms were identified across the three bacterial networks, with the least number of key microorganisms in the control soil (20.0%) and the most in the surrounding soil (46.7%). FAPROTAX functional prediction showed that soils with different ecological niches exhibited different ecological functions. The ureolysis, nitrate reduction, fermentation, and phototrophy functional abundances were significantly higher in the mycelial soil compared to the control soil (P<0.05). The abundances of fermentation, nitrate reduction, and phototrophy functions were significantly higher in the mycelial soil than in the surrounding soil (P<0.05). In conclusion, the diversity, composition, and structure of soil bacterial communities in different ecological niches ofO. sinensiswere significantly different, reflecting the screening and filtering effect ofO. sinensison soil bacterial communities. These findings provided foundational data for further research on the mechanisms ofO. sinensisoccurrence and for optimizing its artificial cultivation, with significant technical support implications for poverty alleviation in Tibetan regions.

Key words: Ophiocordyceps sinensis, soil microorganisms, bacterial communities, molecular ecological networks, microbial functions

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