生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 1-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2023.04.001

• 研究报告 •    下一篇

黄粉虫蛋白替代豆粕影响尼罗罗非鱼肝肠健康的机制探究

张　乐， 孙　其， 李玮洁， 吴红霞， 乔　芳， 杜震宇， 陈立侨， 张美玲
  

  1. 华东师范大学 生命科学学院， 上海 200241
  • 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-08-10
  • 通讯作者: 张美玲，博士，教授，研究方向为肠道微生物与水产动物营养，E-mail:mlzhang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张乐，硕士研究生，研究方向为肠道微生物与水产动物营养，E-mail:2623658350@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD0900200）； 国家自然科学基金项目（31972798）

Effects of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal replacing soybean meal on the hepatic and intestinal health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and mechanism exploration#br#

ZHANG Le, SUN Qi, LI Weijie, WU Hongxia, QIAO Fang, DU Zhenyu,CHEN Liqiao, ZHANG Meiling   

  1. School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-08-10

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摘要： 为探究黄粉虫蛋白替代豆粕对鱼类肝肠健康的影响及其机制，以尼罗罗非鱼为试验鱼，使用黄粉虫蛋白粉分别替代饲料中0、15%、30%和45%的豆粕，制成4组等氮（320 g/kg粗蛋白）等能（16.8 MJ/kg）的饲料，开展为期10周养殖试验，并对鱼体肝肠健康相关指标进行检测分析。结果显示：黄粉虫蛋白能够替代尼罗罗非鱼饲料中15%的豆粕而不显著影响其肝肠健康；当替代比例达到30%，尼罗罗非鱼肠道肌层厚度变薄，肠道绒毛变短，肠道跨上皮电阻下降，肠道屏障相关基因表达上调；当替代比例增加至45%，肠道损伤进一步加剧，肝脏发生损伤，表现为血清谷丙转氨酶活力显著升高，肝细胞边界模糊、脂滴蓄积，肝脏总脂、甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和糖原含量显著升高。转录组测序分析结果显示：45%替代组的尼罗罗非鱼肝脏中糖原合成和凋亡相关通路显著上调；肝脏和肠道组织中的氧化应激相关基因klf9均显著上调，说明在黄粉虫蛋白高比例替代组存在氧化应激。

关键词: 昆虫粉, 豆粕替代, 黄粉虫, 肝肠健康, 罗非鱼

Abstract: To evaluate the effects of yellow mealworm meal (YM) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on the hepatic and intestinal health of fish, four groups of isonitrogenous (320 g/kg crude protein) and isoenergetic (16.8 MJ/kg) experimental diets were formulated using YM to replace 0, 15%, 30%, and 45% SBM in an SBM-based diet for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ten-week feeding experiment was conducted and the parameters related to the hepatic and intestinal health were analyzed. The results indicated that YM could replace 15% SBM in tilapia feed without negative effects on the hepatic and intestinal health. However, when the replacement ratio was up to 30%, decreased intestinal muscular thickness, shorter intestinal villi, lower intestinal transepithelial electrical resistance and higher mRNA expression level of tight junction protein-related genes were observed. When the replacement ratio was up to 45%, the intestinal injury was further exacerbated, and hepatic injury occurred. Hepatic injury was manifested by a significant increase in serum alanine transaminase activity, blurred hepatocyte boundaries, lipid droplet accumulation, and a significant increase in total lipids, triglycerides, non-esterified free fatty acids, and glycogen content. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes related to glycogen synthesis and apoptosis were significantly enhanced in liver in YM45. Further analysis revealed thatklf9, an oxidative stress-related gene, was significantly upregulated in both liver and intestine, suggesting that oxidative stress occurred in YM45 group.

Key words: insect meal, soybean meal replacement, Tenebrio molitor, hepatic and intestinal health, tilapia

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