生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 74-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.03.074
基于DNA宏条形码研究云龙地区同域分布的4种小型哺乳动物食性和胃内容物真菌组成差异
研究同域物种的环境适应策略和共存机制对群落生态学理论的发展具有重要意义。本研究使用DNA宏条形码技术对大理云龙地区同域分布的4种小型哺乳动物食性和胃内真菌进行分析，解析比较其食物多样性、生态位宽度、生态位重叠度和真菌功能。结果表明：同为横断山区外来种的中缅树
（Tupaia belangeri）和高山姬鼠（Apodemus chevrieri）之间营养生态位重叠度较高，达到52%。这是由于二者的活动节律差异较大，存在明显时间生态位分化。而其余物种之间在食物资源利用和真菌代谢功能上均出现分离，存在明显营养生态位分化。上述结果表明，这4个物种均通过生态位分化来减小种间竞争，以实现同域长期共存。其中，高山姬鼠的食物资源利用范围在4种动物中最窄，在该环境中的适应能力较弱，推测在未来演化过程中竞争力最低。而其余3个物种都形成了各自独特的环境适应策略。本研究为揭示大理云龙地区多种小型哺乳动物物种多样性的维持机制提供理论依据，也为该地区鼠形动物的生态管理提供参考。
- 云南师范大学 生命科学学院， 昆明 650500
Dietary habits and gastric fungal composition of four sympatric small mammal species in the Yunlong region: a DNA metabarcoding analysis
Studying the environmental adaptation strategies and coexistence mechanisms of sympatric species is of great significance for the development of community ecology theory. In this study, DNA metabarcoding technology was used to analyze the diets and gastric fungi of four sympatric small mammal species in the Yunlong region of Dali. Food diversity, niche breadth, niche overlap and fungal function were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the trophic niche overlap betweenTupaia belangeriandApodemus chevrieriwas high, reaching 52%. This was attributed to differences in their activity rhythms, resulting in obvious temporal niche differentiation. However, the other species exhibited separation in food resource utilization and fungal metabolic function, indicating clear trophic niche differentiation. The above results indicated that the four species reduced interspecific competition through niche differentiation to achieve long-term sympatric coexistence. Among them,A. chevrieriexhibited the narrowest range of food resource utilization among the four species, suggesting weaker adaptability in this environment and potentially lower competitive ability in future evolution. The remaining three species have each developed their own unique adaptation strategies. This study provided a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanisms maintaining species diversity among small mammals in Yunlong, Dali, and offered a reference for rodent ecological management in this area.
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
摘要： 研究同域物种的环境适应策略和共存机制对群落生态学理论的发展具有重要意义。本研究使用DNA宏条形码技术对大理云龙地区同域分布的4种小型哺乳动物食性和胃内真菌进行分析，解析比较其食物多样性、生态位宽度、生态位重叠度和真菌功能。结果表明：同为横断山区外来种的中缅树（Tupaia belangeri）和高山姬鼠（Apodemus chevrieri）之间营养生态位重叠度较高，达到52%。这是由于二者的活动节律差异较大，存在明显时间生态位分化。而其余物种之间在食物资源利用和真菌代谢功能上均出现分离，存在明显营养生态位分化。上述结果表明，这4个物种均通过生态位分化来减小种间竞争，以实现同域长期共存。其中，高山姬鼠的食物资源利用范围在4种动物中最窄，在该环境中的适应能力较弱，推测在未来演化过程中竞争力最低。而其余3个物种都形成了各自独特的环境适应策略。本研究为揭示大理云龙地区多种小型哺乳动物物种多样性的维持机制提供理论依据，也为该地区鼠形动物的生态管理提供参考。
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