生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 22-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2026.03.022

• 大健康专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

CAR-T细胞疗法在肝癌治疗中的研究进展

王　佳1,2， 张　超1,2， 倪旭晨1,2， 马思恩2,3， 史雨情2,4， 赵　报1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. 安徽农业大学 食品营养健康联合中心 食品与营养学院， 合肥 230036； 2. 合肥综合性国家科学中心
    大健康研究院，合肥 230031； 3. 安徽中医药大学 新安医学与中医药现代化研究所 药学院， 合肥 230012；
    4. 安徽医科大学 健康大数据与群体医学研究所 基础医学院， 合肥 230032
  • 出版日期:2026-06-18 发布日期:2026-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 赵报，博士，研究员，研究方向为肿瘤免疫调控新靶点的发现及机制研究，E-mail：zhaobao@ihm.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:王佳，硕士研究生，研究方向为生物与医药，E-mail：19906121219@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目（82372786， 82572976）； 合肥综合性国家科学中心大健康研究院科研启动项目（2023KYQD010）

Research progress in CAR-T cell therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma 

WANG Jia1,2, ZHANG Chao1,2, NI Xuchen1,2, MA Si’en2,3, SHI Yuqing2,4, ZHAO Bao1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Joint Research Center for Food Nutrition and Health of IHM, Anhui
    Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; 2. Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National
    Science Center, Hefei 230031, China; 3. School of Pharmacy, Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of
    Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; 4. School of Basic
    Medical Sciences, Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
  • Online:2026-06-18 Published:2026-06-16

摘要： 嵌合抗原受体T细胞（chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, CAR-T）免疫疗法作为肿瘤治疗领域的重大突破，在血液系统恶性肿瘤中取得了显著成效，但其在实体瘤，尤其是肝细胞癌（HCC）中的应用仍面临诸多挑战。本综述系统回顾了CAR-T疗法在肝癌治疗中的研究进展，重点探讨了以glypican-3（GPC3）、甲胎蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein, AFP）和上皮细胞黏附分子（epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EpCAM）为代表的关键靶点，但肿瘤异质性、免疫抑制微环境（tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, TME）、治疗相关毒性以及CAR-T细胞浸润不足等问题严重制约了其疗效。为克服这些瓶颈，多种优化策略被提出，如双靶点与多靶点策略、联合治疗策略、基因工程改造优化CAR-T功能策略，有望进一步提升其在肝癌治疗中的疗效、安全性及可及性，最终为晚期肝癌患者带来新的希望。CAR-T技术的发展趋势可能与智能化CAR设计、联合治疗策略、体内CAR-T技术相关。最后提出CAR-T技术遇到的挑战与解决路径。

关键词: 嵌合抗原受体T细胞, 肝细胞癌, Glypican-3, 甲胎蛋白, 上皮细胞黏附分子, 肿瘤免疫

Abstract: Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has emerged as a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), faces numerous challenges. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress in CAR-T therapy for liver cancer, focusing on key target antigens such as glypican-3 (GPC3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Major limiting factors include tumor heterogeneity, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), treatment-related toxicities, and inadequate CAR-T cell infiltration. To address these bottlenecks, various optimization strategies are proposed, such as dual- or multi-targeting approaches, combination therapy regimens, and genetic engineering strategies to enhance CAR-T cell function. These advancements are anticipated to further improve the efficacy, safety, and accessibility of CAR-T therapy for liver cancer, potentially offering new hope for patients with advanced HCC. Future trends in CAR-T technology are expected to focus on intelligent CAR design, rational combination therapies, and the development ofin vivogenerated CAR-T cells. Finally, the ongoing challenges and potential solutions for CAR-T technology are outlined.

Key words: chimeric antigen receptor T cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, glypican-3, alpha-fetoprotein, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, tumor immunity

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