生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 77-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2024.05.077

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

越冬期水位变化下菜子湖水鸟取食集团结构及多样性分析

陈荣友， 李红清， 朱秀迪， 周立志， 王玉柱， 江　波， 郭舒琨， 阳耀宇， 成　波   

  1. 1. 长江水资源保护科学研究所, 武汉 430051; 2. 安徽大学 资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601;
    3.安徽省引江济淮集团有限公司, 合肥 230000
  • 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2024-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 成波，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为湿地生态保护与修复、水利工程环境影响评估，E-mail:chengbo@whu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈荣友，硕士，助理工程师，研究方向为鸟类生态多样性，E-mail:895176160@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省引江济淮集团有限公司科技项目（YJJH-ZT-ZX-20200709301）

Analysis on the foraging guild structure and diversity of waterbirds in Caizi Lake under water level changes during overwintering

CHEN Rongyou1, LI Hongqing1, ZHU Xiudi1, ZHOU Lizhi2, WANG Yuzhu3,JIANG Bo1, GUO Shukun3, YANG Yaoyu3, CHENG Bo1   

  1. 1. Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China; 2. School of Resource and Environmental
    Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; 3. Anhui Provincial Group Limited for Yangtze-to-Huaihe
    Water Diversion, Hefei 230000, China
  • Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-10-14

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摘要： 2018—2023年越冬期，对菜子湖的水鸟资源进行调查，共记录到水鸟7目12科59种，其中，国家一级保护动物5种，国家二级保护动物9种。对水鸟取食集团群落结构进行分析，结果表明，不同取食集团水鸟群落多样性指数存在显著差异，不同类型多样性指数变化幅度是Shannon-Wiener多样性指数>Margalef丰富度指数>Simpson优势度指数>Pielou均匀度指数。不同取食集团水鸟的数量对水位变化响应存在一定差异，其中，食鱼组、食草组、食底栖动物组的数量与水位之间存在显著负相关关系，水位变化对水域、草本沼泽、泥滩等3种生境的面积具有显著影响。未来应从水位优化调控入手，维持越冬期水鸟丰富食物资源，对提高菜子湖水鸟群落多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 菜子湖, 越冬期, 水鸟, 取食集团, 水位变化

Abstract: During overwintering of the years 2018－2023, a total of 59 species of waterbirds belonging to 12 families and 7 orders, including 5 species of first-level nationally protected waterbirds and 9 species of second-level nationally protected waterbirds, were recorded. The results showed that there were significant differences in the diversity indexes of waterbird communities among different foraging guilds, and the change range of diversity index for different types was Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index > Margalef Richness Index > Simpson Dominance Index > Pielou Evenness Index. The response of waterbird populations in different foraging guilds was different to water level changes. Among them, there was a significant negative correlation between the populations of fish-eating group, sedge-eating group and invertebrate-eating group and water level. Water level changes had significant impact on the area of three habitats: water body, grassland and mudflat. In the future, water level regulation should be optimized to maintain abundant food resources for overwintering waterbirds, which is of great significance for improving the diversity of waterbird communities in Caizi Lake.

Key words: Caizi Lake, overwintering, waterbirds, foraging guild, water level change

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