生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 68-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2020.02.068

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

城市绿地白腰文鸟的繁殖巢和巢址特征分析

  

  1. 1. 南京大学 生命科学学院, 南京 210046; 2. 生态环境部 南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042;
    3. 生态环境部 卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094; 4. 商丘师范学院 生物与食品学院， 商丘 476000
  • 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 原宝东，博士，副教授，主要从事野生动植物生态与保护研究，E-mail: yuanbao365@163.com
  • 作者简介:潘扬，博士，助理研究员，主要从事野生动植物生态与保护研究，E-mail: panyang29@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省自然科学基金项目(No.182300410071)；江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(No. 2018K064B)；国家重点研发专项（2017YFC0506606）

Nest and nest-site characteristics of the white-rumped munia Lonchura Striata in urban green land

  1. 1. School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046;
    2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042;
    3. Satellite Environment Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100094;
    4. College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China
  • Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-04-17

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摘要： 城市绿地是城市鸟类生存的栖息庇护所，而鸟类对其栖息生境也有明显的偏好性。随着城市化的快速推进，如何适应城市环境的干扰并成功繁衍后代是城市鸟类面临的重要问题，其中繁殖期的巢址选择反映出鸟类在城市中的生活史策略和城市适应性。为探讨城市鸟类繁殖适应性，于2017年3—5月在广西宜州市区龙江河畔，采用系统调查法对39个白腰文鸟(Lonchura striata)繁殖巢的5个特征指标、巢址特征所在样方内的19个生态因子进行了研究。结果显示，繁殖巢的平均外径为（123.95±15.25）mm，平均内径为（102.01±9.51）mm，平均深度为（84.8±9.07）mm，平均高度为（115.66±9.37）mm，距地面的平均高度为（3.64±1.17）m。对巢址特征的19个生态因子进行的主成分分析发现，特征值大于1的主成分共有6个，累计贡献率达83.607%，巢址特征主要受隐蔽性因素(乔木高度和盖度、隐蔽度)、干扰性因素(距居民点距离、道路距离和林缘距离)、食物因素(灌木盖度、草本盖度和灌木高度)、水源因素(水源距离)和地理因素(海拔和坡度)的影响，其中隐蔽性是白腰文鸟筑巢挑选地点的主要考虑因素，其次是干扰、食物和水源因素，最后是地理因素。白腰文鸟为躲避人为干扰的影响，通常选择在隐蔽性较高的近树顶位置营巢，其在繁殖期间体现出了对城市生境的适应性。

关键词: 白腰文鸟, 巢址特征, 城市绿化

Abstract: Urban green land is a kind of habitat shelter which relates to bird safety, and birds can show obvious preference in habitat selection. With the acceleration of urbanization, how to adapt to the disturbance of urban environment and reproduce successfully is a vital problem faced by urban birds, and the nest site selection of birds in breeding period reflects bird life history strategies and urban adaptability of urban birds. In order to explore the adaptability of urban birds, nest and nest-site characteristics, we collected 5 parameters of white-rumped munia’s (Lonchura striata) nest and also 19 ecological factors of 39 nests from March to May, 2017 in Yizhou City of Guangxi Province. The results showed as follows: the nest parameters were characterized in that—the outer diameter was(123.95±15.25)mm， while the inner diameter was(102.01±9.51)mm, the nest deep was(84.8±9.07)mm and the nest height was (115.66±9.37)mm, and the nest height to the ground was (3.64±1.17)m. The principal components analysis showed that there were 6 most important factors which affect the nest characteristics of white-rumped munia in spring and the accumulative ratio of contribution achieved was 83.607%. Safety factor（i.e. height of tree, tree coverage and canopy), played the most important role in habitat selection and the second to the forth factors were food factor(i.e. distance to human settlement and road and forest edge), interference factor(i.e. shrub coverage and height, herb coverage), and water factor(i.e. distance to water), and the last factor was geography factor(i.e. altitude and slope). In order to avoid the influence of human disturbance, white-rumped munia tend to locate its nest in the place with high hidden that next to the top of tree, and it shows the adaptability to urban habitats during breeding period.

Key words: white-rumped munia, nest and nest-site characteristics, urban green land

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