生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 44-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.06.044

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同潮位日本鳗草（Zostera japonica）根际与叶片微生物群落结构特征

王璐瑶1,2， 朱方超3， 黄中坚4， 于　硕3， 张晓黎1， 刘正一1， 秦　松1， 钟志海1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所， 烟台 264003； 2. 中国科学院大学， 北京 101407；
    3. 自然资源部第四海洋研究所， 北海 536015； 4. 广西壮族自治区海洋研究院， 南宁 530022
  • 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-12-19
  • 通讯作者: 钟志海，博士，工程师，研究方向为海洋生物学和藻类生态学，E-mail：zhzhong@yic.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:王璐瑶，硕士，研究方向为海洋生物学，E-mail：wangluyao22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    自然资源部热带海洋生态系统与生物资源重点实验室开放课题基金项目(2022QN01)； 海洋负排放国际大科学计划项目（ONCE）

Microbial community structure in the rhizosphere and leaves of Zostera japonica across different tidal zones

WANG Luyao1,2, ZHU Fangchao3, HUANG Zhongjian4, YU Shuo3, ZHANG Xiaoli1,LIU Zhengyi1, QIN Song1, ZHONG Zhihai1,2   

  1. 1. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China;
    3. The Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China;
    4. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Marine Research Institute, Nanning 530022, China
  • Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-12-19

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摘要： 研究以日本鳗草（Zostera japonica）为研究对象，探讨潮位变化对其根际和叶片微生物群落特征的影响。采用Nanopore扩增子测序技术对日本鳗草分布的高潮区、低潮区及潮下带的叶片和根际微生物群落多样性、结构及功能特征进行分析，并结合环境因子探讨其对叶片与根际微生物群落的影响。结果表明：叶片和根际微生物的丰度和多样性随潮位变化呈相似的趋势，在潮下带最低，在低潮区最高；潮位变化对叶片微生物的α多样性指数具有显著影响（P<0.05），但对根际微生物无显著影响（P>0.05）。在潮下带和高潮区，叶片和根际微生物群落具有更多特征菌群。高潮区叶片特征菌群适应裸露环境，并参与硫循环；低潮区叶片微生物具有较强的有机物降解能力；潮下带叶片微生物不仅能够高效降解有机物，还可参与氮硫循环；根际特征微生物在高潮区偏重硫循环和氧化还原适应，低潮区侧重氮固定和有机物降解，潮下带适应低氧环境，参与硫循环。沉积物总有机碳（TOC）显著影响根际群落组成与分布。从高潮区至潮下带，根际微生物的有机物利用能力、硫化合物和氮的呼吸活性增强，需氧异养活性减弱，叶片微生物的硝酸盐还原能力增强，而硫化合物呼吸和光能自养能力减弱。研究结果为日本鳗草的管理与保护提供了一定理论依据。

关键词: 日本鳗草, 潮汐, 微生物丰度, 微生物多样性, 环境梯度

Abstract: This study focused on the impact of tidal changes on the microbial communities in the rhizosphere and leaves ofZostera japonica. Nanopore amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the diversity, structure, and functional characteristics of the microbial communities of the leaves and rhizospheres across the high tide zone, low tide zone, and subtidal area. Environmental factors were also evaluated to assess their influence on the microbial communities. The results showed that the microbial abundance and diversity of the leaves and rhizosphere was similar to tidal change trends, peaking in low-tide zones and reaching minima in subtidal areas. Tidal variation significantly altered the α-diversity index of the leaf microbiota （P<0.05）, without affecting the rhizosphere microbiota （P>0.05）. In the subtidal and high tide zones, the leaf and rhizosphere microbial communities exhibited a higher abundance of characteristic taxa. In the high tide zone, leaf microbiota adapted to the exposed environment and were involved in sulfur cycling, while in the low tide zone, leaf microbiota showed strong organic matter degradation capacity. In the subtidal zone, leaf microbes not only efficiently degradated organic matter but also participated in nitrogen and sulfur cycling. High-tide rhizosphere microbes prioritized sulfur cycling and redox homeostasis, contrasting with low-tight populations specializing in nitrogen fixation and degradation. The subtidal rhizosphere were adapted to low-oxygen environments and participated in sulfur cycling. Sediment total organic carbon （TOC） significantly affected the composition and distribution of rhizosphere communities. From the high tide zone to the subtidal zone, the rhizosphere microbial ability to utilize organic matter, sulfur compounds, and nitrogen respiratory activity increased, while aerobic heterotrophic activity decreased. Leaf microbiota displayed enhancing nitrate reduction but reducing sulfur respiration and photoautotrophy. These findings provide theoretical support for the conservation strategies ofZ. japonica.

Key words: Zostera japonica, tides, microbial abundance, microbial diversity, environmental gradient

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