生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 51-.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1736.2025.04.051

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

生防白僵菌与酵母对烟草根际微生物群落的影响

滕　凯1,2， 张宇露1， 巢　进2， 陈前锋2， 彭镜先2， 肖云花1,3   

  1. 1. 湖南农业大学 生物科学技术学院， 长沙 410128； 2. 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司，
    吉首 416000； 3. 岳麓山实验室， 长沙 410128
  • 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2025-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 肖云花，博士，讲师，研究方向为微生物学，E-mail:huazipiaoling. 123@163.com
  • 作者简介:滕凯，硕士，农艺师，研究方向为烟草病虫害绿色防控及烟草种植栽培，E-mail:137722876@qq.com；张宇露，硕士，研究方向为烟草菌肥研发，E-mail:894319171@qq.com；滕凯和张宇露为共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司科技项目“基于酵母促生体系的烟田土壤良性生态构建技术”（XX2022-2024Aa01）

Effects of Beauveria bassiana FE14 and Pichia sp. J1 on  the rhizosphere microbial community of tobacco

TENG Kai1,2, ZHANG Yulu1, CHAO Jin2, CHEN Qianfeng2, PENG Jingxian2, XIAO Yunhua1,3   

  1. 1. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
    2. Hunan Tobacco Company Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture Company, Jishou 416000, China;
    3. Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
  • Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-13

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摘要： 研究通过开展小区试验，测定烟株农艺性状、土传病害发生情况以及烟株根际土壤微生物群落，探究球孢白僵菌和毕赤酵母菌作为复合菌剂（JZ）在防治烟草土传病害方面的应用潜力。结果表明：成熟期时，相比CK组（未施菌剂），JZ组烟株的农艺性状得到显著改善，其中，最大叶面积显著增加了42.64%；JZ组烟草青枯病和黑胫病的发病率均有所降低，其相对防效分别为67.86%和66.67%。16S rRNA和ITS测序结果表明，复合菌剂JZ对根际土壤微生物的多样性没有造成显著影响，但显著改变了土壤微生物的组成和结构。施加复合菌剂JZ后，烟株根际土壤中青枯菌（雷尔氏菌属）的相对丰度显著降低，且某些拮抗菌（青霉属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属等）的相对丰度显著升高。此外，JZ还显著提高了土壤有机质和总氮的含量。综上所述，球孢白僵菌和毕赤酵母菌的混合施用可以通过改善土壤微生态环境，显著促进烟株的生长，对烟草土传病害的发生有一定的防治效果。

关键词: 青枯病, 黑胫病, 微生物复合菌肥, 真菌群落, 细菌群落

Abstract: In this study, field experiment was conducted to explored the effects ofBeauveria bassianaFE14 andPichiasp. J1 as compound agents (JZ) on tobacco growth, soil-borne diseases and rhizospheric soil microbial community. The results showed that compared with the control group (CK, without microbial agent) at mature stage, the JZ group exhibited significant improvements in agronomic traits, with the maximum leaf area increasing by 42.64%. Additionally, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and black shank in the JZ group was significantly reduced, with relative control effects of 67.86% and 66.67%, respectively. Results of 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing showed that the microbial agent JZ did not cause significantly changes in the diversity of rhizospheric soil microbial community, but it significantly altered the composition and structure. After applying the microial agent JZ, the relative abundance ofRalstonia(the pathogen of tobacco bacterial wilt) in the rhizospheric soil was significantly reduced, while the relative abundances of certain antagonistic microbes, such asPenicilliumandSphingomonas, were significantly increased. Furthermore, the microbial agent JZ also significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen. In conclusion, the mixed application ofB. bassianaandPichiasp. J1 could significantly improve the rhizospheric soil microecology, promote tobacco growth, and provide effective control of tobacco soil-borne diseases.

Key words: bacterial wilt, black shank, microbial compound fertilizer, fungal community, bacterial community

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