生物学杂志

生物学杂志

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胃肠道微生物种群与人类消化系统疾病相关性研究进展

  

  1. 中国科学技术大学 生命科学学院, 合肥 230026
  • 出版日期:2019-08-18 发布日期:2019-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 孙宝林，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为微生物学，E-mail：sunb@ustc.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘德华，博士，主要研究方向为肠道微生物与消化系统疾病，E-mail：ldh621@mail.ustc.edu.cn

Research on the correlation between gastrointestinal microbiota and human gastrointestinal system diseases

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • Online:2019-08-18 Published:2019-08-18

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摘要： 人体胃肠（GI）道附着有复杂且动态变化的微生物种群，即肠道菌群，它们对宿主的健康和疾病有着显著的影响。胃肠道细菌在维持人体免疫、代谢稳态以及预防病原体感染中发挥着至关重要的作用，其组成的改变与许多炎症和感染性疾病的发生有关。目前，大量研究揭示了不同微生物组对人类消化系统疾病的影响，如胃炎、炎症性肠病和癌症等。人体胃肠道微生物及其相关代谢产物也被认为是多种疾病的潜在治疗靶标。总结目前对人类胃肠道微生物群的组成和发展的理解，以及胃肠道微生物对胃肠道完整性和宿主健康与疾病的影响，这是人体-微生物相互作用的相关性研究的基础。

关键词: 胃肠道, 微生物群, 代谢产物, 消化系统疾病

Abstract: The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbours a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which exerts a marked influence on the host during homeostasis and disease. Gastrointestinal bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining immune, metabolic homeostasis and protecting against pathogens. Altered gut bacterial composition has been associated with the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and infections. Recently, a large number of studies have revealed the influence of different microbiota on human gastrointestinal system diseases, such as gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer, etc. Human gastrointestinal microbiota and their related metabolites are also considered to be potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the development and composition of the human GI microbiota, and its impact on gut integrity and host health, underlying the need for mechanistic studies focusing on host microbe interactions.

Key words: gastrointestinal, microbiota, metabolite, gastrointestinal system diseases

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