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升金湖湿地景观格局与水位关系的研究

  

  1. 安徽大学 资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601
  • 出版日期:2019-04-18 发布日期:2019-04-18
  • 通讯作者: 李春林,博士,副教授,研究生导师,主要从事鸟类生态学等方面的研究,E-mail:lichunlin1985@163.com
  • 作者简介:杨阳,硕士研究生,从事鸟类生态学研究,E-mail:869523360@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31770571, 31301897)

The study on the relationship between wetland landscape pattern and water level in Shengjin Lake

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
  • Online:2019-04-18 Published:2019-04-18

摘要: 在季节性消涨的湖泊湿地中,水位的升降使湿地景观格局发生显著变化。升金湖是典型的浅水通江湖泊,为东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线的水鸟提供重要的停歇地与越冬地,其湿地景观格局随水位的季节变化对越冬水鸟产生重要影响。采用最大似然法对升金湖不同水位下的遥感影像进行监督分类并计算景观指数,结合同期水位数据,探讨湿地景观格局与水位的相关关系。结果表明,升金湖水位呈明显的季节动态,水面面积随水位升高呈线性增加,草滩、泥滩和农田的面积相应减少,景观斑块的多样性和均匀度下降。秋冬季水位降低时,草滩、泥滩等景观斑块集中于上湖河口淤积区及下湖的中部区域,为在此越冬的大量水鸟提供重要的觅食地。然而,为利于渔业养殖,升金湖水位受人为控制,在水鸟越冬前期依旧保持较高水位,暴露的草滩、泥滩较少,为在此觅食的水鸟提供的食物资源有限。基于研究结果,建议在水鸟越冬期,对升金湖水位实施分步调控,使各种栖息地斑块渐次暴露,以满足多种水鸟对栖息地的不同需求。

关键词: 升金湖, 水位, 景观格局, 湿地退化

Abstract: Landscape patterns in seasonally inundated lake wetlands change significantly with the water level fluctuations. Shengjin Lake is a typical Yangtze-connected shallow-water lake, providing important staging and wintering habitats for waterbirds migrating along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The seasonally water-level-driven landscape changes may greatly impact wintering waterbirds in the lake. We conducted a supervised classification on Landsat images acquired in recent years using a maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) to quantify landscape patterns under different water levels. The relationship between water level and land-cover areas, as well as landscape indices, was investigated. Results showed that water level in Shengjin Lake showed obviously seasonal fluctuations. As the water level rose, area of open water increased, while the areas of grassland and mudflats decreased. Diversity and evenness of land-covers were also negatively correlated with the water level. Grassland and mudflats were mostly found in estuarine area in the upper and lower lake in winter, providing abundant food resources for diverse wintering waterbirds. However, the water level was still high for aquaculture during the early stage of the wintering season, resulting in limited grassland and mudflats exposed for waterbirds. Based on our findings, we suggest stepwise water recession plans in Shengjin Lake, allowing diverse habitats to be exposed gradually to provide essential foraging grounds for different waterbirds.

Key words: Shengjin Lake, water level, landscape pattern, wetland degradation

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