生物学杂志

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肿瘤免疫中的“猫鼠游戏”——浅析2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的发现

  

  1. 西北大学 生命科学学院, 西安 710069
  • 出版日期:2019-02-18 发布日期:2019-02-18
  • 作者简介:李想,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为肿瘤细胞生物学,E-mail:xiangli@nwu.edu.cn

The game of "catch me if you can" in cancer immunology ——Brief discussion on the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine of 2018

  1. The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi′an 710069, China
  • Online:2019-02-18 Published:2019-02-18

摘要: 2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给美国科学家詹姆斯·艾利森(James P. Allison)和日本科学家本庶佑(Tasuku Honjo),以表彰他们在发现“抑制负性免疫调节的癌症疗法”方面所做出的贡献。其中Allison 教授发现了CTLA-4可以作为免疫系统攻击肿瘤的“刹车分子”, 而Honjo教授发现了免疫系统中的检验点PD-1。基于这二人的发现,近年来以PD-1/PD-L1为代表的免疫检查点抑制剂(PD-1/PD-L1抗体)在肿瘤治疗领域大放异彩。阐述了上述诺奖工作中PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4的发现、PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA-4以及它们在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用机理,讨论了PD-1/PD-L1相关抑制剂的研究现状,并对免疫疗法在肿瘤治疗中的重要意义及前景进行了分析。

关键词: 2018年生理学奖, 肿瘤免疫治疗, PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4

Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine of 2018 were awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. James P. Allison discovered CTLA-4 can function as a brake on the immune system, while Tasuku Honjo discovered PD-1 can also operate as a brake on the immune system with a different mechanism. Nowadays, cancer immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has made great progression. This review will go through the discovery of PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 and their molecular mechanism as well as the available inhibitors for PD-1 and PD-L1. It will emphasize the significance of immune therapy in cancer treatment.

Key words: 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, cancer immune therapy, PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4

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